Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Serena Barachini, Letizia Biso, Shivakumar Kolachalam, Lacopo Petrini, Roberto Maggio, Marco Scarselli, Biancamaria Longoni
Summary: Pancreatic islet transplantation is a treatment for Type 1 diabetic patients, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential in controlling graft rejection. MSCs can interact with immune system cells through direct contact or their secretome. This review discusses the role of MSCs in controlling the immune system and promoting repair in pancreatic islet transplantation, as well as challenges such as oxidative stress and impaired vasculogenesis. Preconditioning MSCs with hypoxia exposure or using stem cells with angiogenic potential in organoids may help improve transplant outcomes.
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Ella L. Hubber, Chloe L. Rackham, Peter M. Jones
Summary: Islet transplantation is a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes, but faces challenges in maintaining islet viability. Co-culture with MSCs has shown to improve islet survival and function, potentially through secreted factors and even transfer of functional mitochondria to support beta cells.
STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Thomas Pomposelli, Christian Schuetz, Ping Wang, Kazuhiko Yamada
Summary: Islet cell transplantation as a pre-vascularized composite islet-kidney graft has shown promise in providing long term durable blood glucose control, but is limited by the long term immunosuppression requirements. Strategies aimed at inducing host tolerance to the allogeneic and xenogeneic islet-kidney grafts could potentially avoid long-term immunosuppression and provide a near-limitless organ supply. This could lead to a durable and long-term cure for diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Leslie E. Wagner, Olha Melnyk, Bryce E. Duffett, Amelia K. Linnemann
Summary: Human islet transplantation into rodent models is an important tool for the development and testing of therapies for diabetes. Intravital microscopy allows for imaging of transplanted islets and the study of their biological processes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Jia-Pu Liang, Robert P. Accolla, Madhuvanthi Soundirarajan, Amy Emerson, Maria M. Coronel, Cherie L. Stabler
Summary: The use of OxySite microbeads incorporated within a macroporous PDMS scaffold allowed for sufficient local oxygenation for up to 20 days without toxic by-products. This approach showed promising potential for clinically relevant cell transplantation, highlighting the superior translational potential of off-the-shelf OxySite scaffolds for improving graft outcomes.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Erinn Zixuan Sim, Nobuaki Shiraki, Shoen Kume
Summary: Recent advancements in differentiating PSCs into pancreatic islet cells have led to the discovery of novel signaling pathways and molecules, with potential therapeutic applications demonstrated through cell transplantation studies. Single-cell transcriptomics and metabolomics have provided valuable insights into endocrine cell growth and pancreatic development.
INFLAMMATION AND REGENERATION
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xiaoyu Yu, Pu Zhang, Yi He, Emily Lin, Huiwang Ai, Melur K. Ramasubramanian, Yong Wang, Yuan Xing, Jose Oberholzer
Summary: Islet beta-cell viability, function, and mass are key attributes for the efficacy of islet transplantation in type 1 diabetes patients. A Smartphone-Fluidic Digital Imaging Analysis (SFDIA) System was developed to quantitatively assess islet mass, showing more accurate and consistent results compared to manual counting methods.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yanhe Zhang, Jie Cui, Kan Li, Shuang Xu, Hang Yin, Shu Li, Xue-jiao Gao
Summary: TMT, a highly toxic organotin compound, accumulates through the environment and food chain, leading to disorders of glucolipid metabolism and obesity. This study found that TMT exposure increased fasting blood glucose and blood lipid content in mice, as well as causing inflammatory reactions and necrosis in pancreatic tissue. In cell experiments, different concentrations of TMT disrupted autophagy, leading to apoptosis and necrosis.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wenyu Gou, Wei Hua, Lindsay Swaby, Wanxing Cui, Erica Green, Katherine A. Morgan, Charlie Strange, Hongjun Wang
Summary: Transplantation of human alpha-1 antitrypsin-engineered mesenchymal stromal cells improves survival of human islet grafts posttransplantation by inhibiting macrophage migration and shifting macrophages to a protective state that favors islet survival.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel Norman, Carl Johan Drott, Per-Ola Carlsson, Daniel Espes
Summary: Irisin is a myokine involved in glucose homeostasis that is found in human and rat islets. Its secretion is regulated by glucose, but it does not affect insulin and glucagon secretion. However, Irisin does reduce islet blood flow without affecting insulin secretion.
Article
Surgery
Pradyut K. Paul, Rahul Das, Travis Drow, Emily A. Nylen, Arnaldo Henrique de Souza, Zunyi Wang, Michael W. Wood, Dawn B. Davis, Dale E. Bjorling, Jacques Galipeau
Summary: The PIDO transgenic technology, which expresses PD-L1 and indoleamine dioxygenase, allows for long-term functional viability of islets in allo- and xenograft transplantation without the need for pharmacological immunosuppression, by creating a tolerogenic environment and providing immune evasiveness modulated by host CD4(+) T cells.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jyuhn-Huarng Juang, Chen-Yi Chen, Chen-Wei Kao, Yu-Wen Huang, Tai-Yu Chiu, Chiung-Tong Chen
Summary: The study found that the DPP-IV inhibitor LAF237 can improve glucose tolerance and increase graft beta-cell mass in diabetic mice transplanted with a sufficient number of islets. This suggests that the effects of DPP-IV inhibitors are influenced by the implanted islet mass.
BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexander J. Polino, Sanja Sviben, Isabella Melena, David W. Piston, Jing W. Hughes
Summary: The structure of primary cilia in human islets, vital glucose-regulating organelles, has been characterized using a combination of scanning electron microscopy and membrane-extraction techniques. The study revealed preserved subdomains of cilia with expected and unexpected ultrastructural motifs, quantifying morphometric features such as axonemal length and diameter, microtubule conformations, and chirality. It also identified a potential specialized structure called the ciliary ring in human islets and correlated key findings with fluorescence microscopy, providing insights into the function of cilia in sensing and communication in pancreatic islets.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Lisha Mou, Guanghan Shi, David K. C. Cooper, Ying Lu, Jiao Chen, Shufang Zhu, Jing Deng, Yuanyuan Huang, Yong Ni, Yongqiang Zhan, Zhiming Cai, Zuhui Pu
Summary: Pig islet xenotransplantation shows promise as a treatment for type 1 diabetes. The optimal age of the pig donors and the immunological barrier are still being studied. Isolation of adult islets using GMP grade collagenase is effective, but neonatal islets have cost advantages. Genetic modification in pigs may prevent rejection, but its efficacy in islet transplantation needs further research.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Danhong Lin, Jingwen Yu, Leweihua Lin, Qianying Ou, Huibiao Quan
Summary: This study demonstrates that MRPS6 regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and apoptosis in beta-cells by modulating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). The findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), prediabetes, and diabetes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)