Review
Orthopedics
Emily E. Binversie, Brian E. Walczak, Stephanie G. Cone, Lauren A. Baker, Tamara A. Scerpella, Peter Muir
Summary: ACL rupture is a common condition in dogs and humans, but it is more prevalent in dogs. The diagnosis and treatment approaches are similar in both species. Dogs also have a faster progression of osteoarthritis (OA) and a higher genetic contribution to ACL rupture compared to humans. Using client-owned dogs for ACL research can provide valuable insights into the molecular pathways and genetic variants associated with ACL rupture, as well as the biomechanical effects of different treatments.
BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Nicola J. Mason, Nicholas Chester, Ailian Xiong, Antonia Rotolo, Ying Wu, Sho Yoshimoto, Patrick Glassman, Gayathri Gulendran, Don L. Siegel
Summary: Despite the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors, there is still a lack of specific prognostic factors for patient outcomes.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Domenico Tricarico, Anna Sara Convertino, Irsida Mehmeti, Girolamo Ranieri, Francesco Leonetti, Carmelo Laface, Nicola Zizzo
Summary: Inflammatory cells are associated with cancer grade and progression. CD68+ macrophages are associated with aggressive cancer (G3), while CD20+ lymphocytes are associated with lower grade tumors (G1). Changes in blood markers are also related to different stages of cancer.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Martin Benej, Jinghai Wu, McKenzie Kreamer, Martin Kery, Sergio Corrales-Guerrero, Ioanna Papandreou, Terence M. Williams, Zihai Li, Edward E. Graves, Laura E. Selmic, Nicholas C. Denko
Summary: This study demonstrates that pharmacological regulation of mitochondrial metabolism can directly impact tumor hypoxia levels in murine tumor models and spontaneous canine soft tissue sarcomas. Reducing mitochondrial metabolism can potentially decrease tumor hypoxia and offer therapeutic benefits.
Review
Cell Biology
Angelique Blangy-Letheule, Amandine Vergnaud, Thomas Dupas, Bertrand Rozec, Benjamin Lauzier, Aurelia A. Leroux
Summary: Sepsis is a life-threatening disease caused by an uncontrolled immune response to infection. Due to a lack of predictive biomarkers and pertinent models, early diagnosis and effective treatment are challenging. Experimental models, mostly conducted on mice, have been used to understand the pathophysiology of sepsis and identify potential biomarkers or targets. However, results from these models are difficult to translate to humans. Horses, which naturally develop sepsis, may offer a promising spontaneous model for sepsis research with implications for both human and veterinary medicine.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Sandra B. Barker, Nancy R. Gee
Summary: Canine-assisted interventions (CAI) are increasingly popular in hospital settings, but the lack of standardized policies and procedures may pose safety risks. The paper presents a rationale for CAI in hospitals, discusses the evidence, issues, and challenges, and offers recommendations for best practices based on existing scientific evidence. Considerations for scientific and practical implications are also discussed.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Belinda R. Walsh
Summary: Repetitive behaviors in dogs are often considered symptoms of canine compulsive disorder analogous to obsessive-compulsive disorder in humans, but the cognitive behavioral perspective finds insufficient evidence to support this equivalence. There are no clear indications of the same neuroanatomy or physiology being specifically associated with both disorders, suggesting that abnormal repetitive behaviors in dogs may not be the equivalent of human obsessive-compulsive disorder. Further research is needed to explore the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional components of canine repetitive behaviors.
APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Moritz W. J. Schramm, Stuart Currie, Ming-te Lee, Laurent J. Livermore, Sandeep P. Solanki, Ryan K. Mathew, Heiko Wurdak, Mihaela Lorger, Chris Twelves, Susan C. Short, Aruna Chakrabarty, Paul Chumas
Summary: This study provides a systematic review of animal models of peritumoral brain edema. The results show that currently there is a lack of clinically relevant animal models for investigating novel treatments for peritumoral brain edema.
JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Hanqun Zhang, Yun Zhang, Zhiyu Feng, Liang Lu, Yong Li, Yuncong Liu, Yanping Chen
Summary: This study investigated the expression and carcinogenic effect of KRT17 in human tumors. The results showed that KRT17 was highly expressed in various tumors and correlated with tumor stage and prognosis. KRT17 was also found to be associated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells and potentially involved in tumor pathogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Carolina Silva, Joao Requicha, Isabel Dias, Estela Bastos, Carlos Viegas
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the existing scientific literature on the application of genomic medicine in canine periodontal disease. Analysis of six articles revealed that genetic variations in IL-1 and TLR-9 genes may explain individual susceptibility to periodontal disease. Further research on the relationship between existing genetic polymorphisms and the development of periodontal disease is necessary to fully understand the biological mechanisms involved.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ryutaro Yoshikawa, Jun Inoue, Ryota Iwasaki, Mitsuhiko Terauchi, Yuji Fujii, Maya Ohta, Tomomi Hasegawa, Rui Mizuno, Takashi Mori, Johji Inazawa
Summary: In this study, miR-634 was found to induce apoptosis in CMM cell lines by downregulating Asct2, Nrf2, and survivin expression, similar to the mechanisms in HMM cell lines. The local administration of miR-634 showed antitumor effects in four out of seven spontaneous CMM cases, providing a novel treatment strategy for HMM.
CANCER GENE THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yoshihito Nakagawa, Yukihiro Akao, Hiromi Yamashita, Tomomitsu Tahara, Kohei Funasaka, Mitsuo Nagasaka, Teiji Kuzuya, Ryoji Miyahara, Senju Hashimoto, Tomoyuki Shibata, Yoshiki Hirooka
Summary: The miRNA expression profile of small intestinal tumors (SIT) is significantly different from that of colorectal tumors. MiR-143 and miR-145 are frequently downregulated in SIT and colorectal tumors, but not in sessile serrated adenoma/polyp tumors. The expressions of miR-7, miR-21, and miR-34a are considerably different between SIT and colorectal carcinomas.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Tzu-Ni Sin, Sangbae Kim, Yumei Li, Jun Wang, Rui Chen, Sook Hyun Chung, Soohyun Kim, Isabel Casanova, Sangwan Park, Zeljka Smit-McBride, Ning Sun, Ori Pomerantz, Jeffrey A. Roberts, Bin Guan, Robert B. Hufnagel, Ala Moshiri, Sara M. Thomasy, Paul A. Sieving, Glenn Yiu
Summary: This study characterized a novel nonhuman primate model of myopic foveoschisis and revealed morphologic and cellular changes similar to congenital XLRS without alterations in the RS1 gene.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yaqian Li, Jian Liu, Ye Zhang, Meng Mao, Hong Wang, Yidi Ma, Zhigang Chen, Youyue Zhang, Chengmin Liao, Xiaoqing Chang, Qianqian Gao, Jianbin Guo, Yang Ye, Fangfang Ai, Xudong Liu, Xiaoyue Zhao, Weijie Tian, Hua Yang, Weizhi Ji, Tao Tan, Lan Zhu
Summary: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) seriously affects women's quality of life, and there is a lack of suitable animal models for studying POP. This study found that elderly rhesus macaques exhibit spontaneous POP similar to humans, making them a suitable animal model. Comparative analysis between monkeys and humans revealed similar cellular composition and molecular mechanisms.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Chee Yan Lee, Joe Tsz Kin Ngai, Kathy Ka Ying Chau, Rose Wai Man Yu, Paul Wai Ching Wong
Summary: This study describes the development of an ethogram to assess human-dog interaction in an animal-assisted humane-education programme. The results showed that students had increased interactive behaviours in later sessions, but there were no significant changes in stress-related behaviours of the canine and handler.
APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marko Anderluh, Francesco Berti, Anna Bzducha-Wrobel, Fabrizio Chiodo, Cinzia Colombo, Federica Compostella, Katarzyna Durlik, Xhenti Ferhati, Rikard Holmdahl, Dragana Jovanovic, Wieslaw Kaca, Luigi Lay, Milena Marinovic-Cincovic, Marco Marradi, Musa Ozil, Laura Polito, Jose Juan Reina, Celso A. Reis, Robert Sackstein, Alba Silipo, Urban Svajger, Ondrej Vanek, Fumiichiro Yamamoto, Barbara Richichi, Sandra J. van Vliet
Summary: Vaccination is a major achievement in preventing infectious diseases, but challenges remain for pathogens with highly variable antigens and in inducing T-cell immunity in cancer. The recent outbreak also highlights the importance of designing smart therapeutic vaccines.
Article
Cell Biology
Joana Nogueira-Rodrigues, Sergio C. Leite, Rita Pinto-Costa, Sara C. Sousa, Liliana L. Luz, Maria A. Sintra, Raquel Oliveira, Ana C. Monteiro, Goncalo G. Pinheiro, Marta Vitorino, Joana A. Silva, Sonia Simao, Vitor E. Fernandes, Jan Provaznik, Vladimir Benes, Celia D. Cruz, Boris Safronov, Ana Magalhaes, Celso A. Reis, Jorge Vieira, Cristina P. Vieira, Gustavo Tiscornia, Ines M. Araujo, Monica M. Sousa
Summary: The spiny mouse is capable of spontaneous and fast restoration of function after severe spinal cord injury (SCI) due to the formation of scarless regenerative tissue. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the rewiring of glycosylation biosynthetic pathways in the spiny mouse, leading to pro-regenerative proteoglycan signature at the SCI site. This study highlights the importance of glycosylation switch in axon regeneration after SCI.
DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rafaela Abrantes, Henrique O. Duarte, Catarina Gomes, Sebastien Walchli, Celso A. Reis
Summary: The article translated introduces the principle and application of CAR-T cell therapy, pointing out its progress in the treatment of hematologic malignancies but challenges remain in the treatment of solid tumors. The article also discusses the limitations of CAR-T cell therapy and the current strategies to overcome these challenges, while proposing future prospects for further research.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Rita Matos, Hugo Santos Sousa, Jorge Nogueiro, Ana Magalhaes, Celso A. Reis, Fatima Carneiro, Irina Amorim, Freddy Haesebrouck, Fatima Gartner
Summary: The study shows that gastric non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter can bind to the human gastric mucosa, with a prevalence of chronic gastritis and chronic active gastritis among patients. Interestingly, these bacteria were found to bind to the gastric mucosa of individuals with severe chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Eduarda Leite-Gomes, Ana M. Dias, Catarina M. Azevedo, Beatriz Santos-Pereira, Mariana Magalhaes, Monica Garrido, Rita Amorim, Paula Lago, Ricardo Marcos-Pinto, Salome S. Pinho
Summary: Colitis-associated cancer is a major complication of inflammatory bowel disease, and the molecular mechanisms underlying its progression are still unclear. Protein glycosylation shows promise for improving our understanding of CAC immunopathogenesis and may open new avenues for clinical and therapeutic interventions.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ezequiel R. Coscueta, Ana Sofia Sousa, Celso A. Reis, Maria Manuela Pintado
Summary: The incidence of gastrointestinal pathologies, particularly cancer, has been increasing, resulting in significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden on the healthcare system. Natural phytochemicals, such as phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) found in cruciferous vegetables like watercress, have shown therapeutic and preventive effects on these diseases. PEITC possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, and anticarcinogenic properties. This review provides an overview of the role of PEITC in the prevention and treatment of oxidative/inflammatory-related gastrointestinal disorders and discusses the safe and recommended dosage of PEITC. Moreover, it proposes a framework for sustainable methodologies to obtain and stabilize PEITC for industrial use. Further scientific studies are needed to develop PEITC products for the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, or food industries.
Review
Oncology
Francisca Diniz, Pedro Coelho, Henrique O. Duarte, Bruno Sarmento, Celso A. Reis, Joana Gomes
Summary: Alterations in glycosylation are commonly observed in cancer cells. Strategies targeting cancer-associated glycans, such as monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and nanoparticles, have the potential to improve drug delivery to tumor cells and enhance therapeutic efficacy. Nanoparticles can also be used for drug delivery in cancer therapy, including encapsulating vaccines and targeting glycoproteins or glycan-binding proteins. These strategies have significant potential for personalized treatment approaches in the pharmaceutical and clinical sectors.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ines Alves, Angela Fernandes, Beatriz Santos-Pereira, Catarina M. Azevedo, Salome S. Pinho
Summary: Glycans, carbohydrates covalently conjugated to other biomolecules, are crucial in defining the identity of a cell or an organism, as they cover the surface of human cells and pathogens. They can be recognized by glycan-binding proteins (GBP) expressed by immune cells, regulating both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. This review discusses how glycans modulate host-pathogen interactions and inflammatory processes, and highlights the potential of glycoscience research in providing valuable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for immunity.
Review
Immunology
Angela Fernandes, Catarina M. Azevedo, Mariana C. Silva, Guilherme Faria, Carolina S. Dantas, Manuel M. Vicente, Salome S. Pinho
Summary: Cells are covered with sugar chains called glycocalyx. Changes in cellular glycosylation are associated with cancer and affect tumor immune responses. Glycans play a crucial role in T-cell development, differentiation, activation, and signaling. The diverse glycans on the surface of T cells regulate the interactions between T cells and cancer cells, fine-tuning the anti-tumor immune response.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Nuno Alegrete, Susana R. R. Sousa, Tatiana Padrao, Angela Carvalho, Raquel Lucas, Raphael F. F. Canadas, Catarina Lavrador, Nuno Alexandre, Fatima Gartner, Fernando J. J. Monteiro, Manuel Gutierres
Summary: The treatment for osteomyelitis usually involves surgical debridement, tissue coverage, and long-term administration of antibiotics. V-HEPHAPC, a composite material containing vancomycin, has shown promising results in vitro as a local antibiotic carrier and bone scaffold. In this study, V-HEPHAPC granules were successfully used to treat MRSA osteomyelitis in a sheep model.
BIOENGINEERING-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana F. Costa, Emanuel Senra, Isabel Faria-Ramos, Andreia Teixeira, Joao Morais, Mariana Pacheco, Celso A. Reis, Catarina Gomes
Summary: Expression of SLeX is associated with malignant transformation of cancer cells and their invasive properties. In this study, the role of ST3GalIV in the biosynthesis of SLeX and malignant properties of GI cancer cells was investigated. The findings suggest that ST3GalIV is the main enzyme driving the biosynthesis of SLeX and affects cancer cell motility.
GLYCOCONJUGATE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Juliana Pocas, Catarina Marques, Catarina Gomes, Andreia Hanada Otake, Filipe Pinto, Mariana Ferreira, Tiago Silva, Isabel Faria-Ramos, Rita Matos, Ana Raquel Ribeiro, Emanuel Senra, Bruno Cavadas, Silvia Batista, Joana Maia, Joana A. Macedo, Luis Lima, Luis Pedro Afonso, Jose Alexandre Ferreira, Lucio Lara Santos, Antonio Polonia, Hugo Osorio, Mattias Belting, Celso A. Reis, Bruno Costa-Silva, Ana Magalhaes
Summary: Gastric cancer is influenced by the expression of syndecan-4 (SDC4) which is associated with poor patient survival. SDC4 plays a crucial role in regulating the motility and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Additionally, SDC4 decorated with heparan sulfate is involved in the distribution, uptake, and functional effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from gastric cancer cells. SDC4 knockout disrupts the tropism of EVs for common gastric cancer metastatic sites. These findings provide insight into the molecular implications of SDC4 expression in gastric cancer cells and present potential therapeutic strategies targeting the glycan-EV axis to limit tumor progression.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alvaro M. Martins, Tania M. Lopes, Francisca Diniz, Jose Pires, Hugo Osorio, Filipe Pinto, Daniela Freitas, Celso A. Reis
Summary: Alterations in glycosylation machinery in cancer cells lead to the synthesis of abnormal glycan structures in tumor cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in cancer communication and progression, and certain tumor-associated glycans have been identified in cancer EVs. This study investigates the impact of 3D tumor architecture on the selective packaging of cellular glycans into EVs. The results show differential packaging of specific proteins and glycans in EVs produced by 2D and 3D cultured cells, suggesting distinct biological functions and correlation with clinical data.
Review
Immunology
Manuel M. Vicente, Eduarda Leite-Gomes, Salome S. Pinho
Summary: Gly-cosylation is the process by which glycans cover the surfaces of mammalian cells. The immune system's pathways are regulated by glycosylation, with most proteins and receptors involved in this process. This article discusses the hypothesis that the development of T and B cells is tightly regulated by glycome composition, and explores the fundamental roles of glycans in lymphocyte development and their impact on the functionality of T and B cells in adaptive immunity. These findings could lead to the discovery of new disease factors and more effective treatments.
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Henrique O. Duarte, Celso A. Reis, Joana Gomes
Summary: Studying the site-specific glycome of ErbB receptors is of great importance for designing more efficient ErbB-directed therapeutic strategies, establishing new clinical biomarkers, and guiding therapeutic decisions.
