Review
Veterinary Sciences
Dengshuai Zhao, Bo Yang, Xingguo Yuan, Chaochao Shen, Dajun Zhang, Xijuan Shi, Ting Zhang, Huimei Cui, Jinke Yang, Xuehui Chen, Yu Hao, Haixue Zheng, Keshan Zhang, Xiangtao Liu
Summary: PRRSV is a pathogen prevalent in swine-farming countries worldwide, causing a range of consequences such as persistent infection, secondary infection, and co-infection. The occurrence of coinfections with PRRSV and other pathogens in pigs has made it challenging to define and diagnose PRRSV-related diseases, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Tiphany Chrun, Emmanuel A. Maze, Eleni Vatzia, Veronica Martini, Basudev Paudyal, Matthew D. Edmans, Adam McNee, Tanuja Manjegowda, Francisco J. Salguero, Nanchaya Wanasen, Surapong Koonpaew, Simon P. Graham, Elma Tchilian
Summary: The study indicated that co-infection of PRRSV-2 and swine influenza H3N2 virus weakened the protective effect of PRRS modified live virus vaccine while enhancing antibody responses. In contrast, co-infection in non-immunized animals helped reduce viral load and potentiate T cell responses. The upregulation of inhibitory cytokines gene expression in vaccinated pigs' lungs may have influenced responses to H3N2 and PRRSV-2.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Amy La, Qiang Zhang, Nazim Cicek
Summary: An integrated computational fluid dynamics model was developed to simulate aerosol transmission of PRRSV. The model predicted the distribution and infectivity decay of PRRSV, as well as the probability of infection in a recipient building. The simulations confirmed that wind speed affected the entry of aerosol into the building, and higher PRRSV concentrations resulted in higher doses and increased probability of infection in pigs.
BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Kasper Pedersen, Sophie Amalie Blirup-Plum, Charlotte Sonne Kristensen, Lise Kirstine Kvisgaard, Lotte Skade, Henrik Elvang Jensen, Lars Erik Larsen
Summary: This study investigated the presence of PRRSV RNA in the serum, semen, testicles, and epididymis of naturally infected boars and described the histological lesions in the reproductive organs. PRRSV RNA was most frequently detected in serum, less frequently in semen, and more often in the reproductive tract during the acute phase of infection. The presence of mononuclear cells and multinuclear giant cells in the reproductive organs of PRRSV-infected boars supports the hypothesis that macrophages are involved in the sexual transmission of the virus.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Tiphany Chrun, Emmanuel A. Maze, Kelly J. Roper, Eleni Vatzia, Basudev Paudyal, Adam McNee, Veronica Martini, Tanuja Manjegowda, Graham Freimanis, Adrian Silesian, Noemi Polo, Becky Clark, Emily Besell, Georges Booth, Brigid Veronica Carr, Matthew Edmans, Alejandro Nunez, Surapong Koonpaew, Nanchaya Wanasen, Simon P. P. Graham, Elma Tchilian
Summary: Porcine respiratory disease is commonly caused by co-infections of swine influenza A (swIAV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRSV) viruses. However, the immune responses and pathogenesis of these co-infections have not been well studied. In this study, pigs were co-infected with swIAV H3N2 and PRRSV-2, and it was found that the clinical disease was not worsened and viral load was reduced in the co-infected animals. Additionally, the development of virus-specific adaptive immune responses was not impaired. These findings suggest that simultaneous swIAV H3N2/PRRSV-2 co-infection does not negatively affect host immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Mariana Kikuti, Catalina Picasso-Risso, Claudio Marcello Melini, Cesar A. A. Corzo
Summary: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is a major infectious disease in U.S. swine herds, and eliminating the virus poses challenges. Only about 1/6 of breeding herds successfully eliminated PRRS and remained virus-free for an average of two years. After elimination, the average annual outbreak rate was 23%, similar to the national average of 20-25%. Further studies are needed to understand the factors influencing the decision to pursue elimination.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Subash Chapagain, Prince Pal Singh, Khanh Le, David Safronetz, Heidi Wood, Uladzimir Karniychuk
Summary: This study investigates the infection phenotypes and host transcriptional responses of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in human and pig reproductive epithelial cells. The results show that JEV can cause persistent infection and cytopathology in the vaginal epithelium, endometrial epithelium, and trophoblast. The study also confirms JEV tropism in the female reproductive tracts of pigs. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the interactions between JEV and reproductive tissues, the impact of persistent infection on female reproductive functions, and the risks of non-mosquito transmission.
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Xin-xin Chen, Songlin Qiao, Rui Li, Jing Wang, Xuewu Li, Gaiping Zhang
Summary: By studying how PRRSV evades host immune responses, we can understand that the virus establishes long-term infection through various complex mechanisms, which is a major obstacle in controlling PRRS disease. Understanding the exact mechanisms of PRRSV immune evasion will contribute to the development of novel antiviral strategies.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Qin Luo, Yajie Zheng, Hang Zhang, Zhiyu Yang, Huiyang Sha, Weili Kong, Mengmeng Zhao, Nina Wang
Summary: Research on the GP5 protein is crucial for the diagnosis, prevention, and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). We provide a summary of its genetic variation, immunity, replication, apoptosis, virulence, and interaction with viral and host proteins, which lays a foundation for understanding PRRSV replication mechanisms and vaccine development.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Zhiqing Zhang, Hang Zhang, Qin Luo, Yajie Zheng, Weili Kong, Liangzong Huang, Mengmeng Zhao
Summary: Since its isolation in China in 1995, the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been mutating into highly pathogenic strains. This study investigated the prevalence and genetic variation of nonstructural protein 1 (NSP1) in the main strain prevalent in China, PRRSV-2. The results showed that NSP1 is a stable hydrophobic protein with high nucleotide and amino acid similarity among different strains. The study lays the foundation for understanding the nature and genetic variation of NSP1 and future vaccine development.
Article
Immunology
Loic Vivien Bocard, Andrew Robert Kick, Corinne Hug, Heidi Erika Lisa Lischer, Tobias Kaser, Artur Summerfield
Summary: This study aimed to understand the nature of innate and adaptive immune responses to PRRSV, revealing differences in regulation by PRRSV-2 strains and MLV. Different PRRSV strains induced varied immune responses, impacting platelet activation, dendritic cell activity, interferon type I, and plasma cell responses. Correlations of BTMs with T-cell responses showed both positive and negative associations post-infection, indicating complexities in immune regulation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hang Zhang, Huiyang Sha, Limei Qin, Nina Wang, Weili Kong, Liangzong Huang, Mengmeng Zhao
Summary: Studying the interactions between PRRSV and host proteins is crucial for understanding host defense against viral infections and the pathogenesis of viral infectious diseases.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Junxin Gao, Yu Pan, Yunfei Xu, Wenli Zhang, Lin Zhang, Xi Li, Zhijun Tian, Hongyan Chen, Yue Wang
Summary: This study identified a total of 350 annotated lncRNAs and 1792 novel lncRNAs in PAMs through RNA-seq analysis, with 86 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 406 DE protein-coding mRNAs identified upon PRRSV incubation. GO category and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that these DE lncRNAs and mRNAs were mainly involved in inflammation- and pathogen infection-induced pathways. The co-expression analysis demonstrated that several lncRNAs are positively correlated with their predicted target genes, suggesting that porcine lncRNAs play a role in regulating immune responses against PRRSV infection.
Article
Virology
Xinyue Yao, Wanwan Dai, Siyu Yang, Zhaoli Wang, Qian Zhang, Qinghui Meng, Tao Zhang
Summary: Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) can infect porcine pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) and damage the endothelial glycocalyx. This study further explored the synergistic effect of HP-PRRSV and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the inflammatory response of MVECs. The results provide insights into the mechanism of severe lung injury caused by secondary bacterial infection following HP-PRRSV infection.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Hang Zhang, Qin Luo, Yingxin He, Yajie Zheng, Huiyang Sha, Gan Li, Weili Kong, Jiedan Liao, Mengmeng Zhao
Summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious disease caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV). There is no specific drug for its treatment, making vaccination crucial for disease control. Various types of vaccines have been developed, with live vaccines providing better protection, but weak cross protection. This manuscript comprehensively reviews the advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of different types of vaccines for PRRS prevention and control.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Christian Mathieu, Alvaro Gonzalez, Alfonso Garcia, Magdalena Johow, Catalina Badia, Cecilia Jara, Paula Nunez, Victor Neira, Nestor A. Montiel, Mary Lea Killian, Barbara P. Brito
Summary: In December 2016, two grow-out turkey farms in Valparaiso Region, Chile were affected by low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) caused by H7N6 subtype. Control measures were implemented, and the virus was found to be closely related to Chilean aquatic bird viruses and South American lineage, with similarities to the 2002 highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in Chile.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Rene Ortega, Juan Mena, Sofia Grecco, Ruben Perez, Yanina Panzera, Constanza Napolitano, Nhur-Aischa Zegpi, Alberto Sandoval, Daniel Sandoval, Daniel Gonzalez-Acuna, Sergio Cofre, Victor Neira, Cristobal Castillo-Aliaga
Summary: This study reported the genetic characterization of CPV-2 strains from a rescued guina and domestic dogs in Chile, showing a recent common ancestor between them. It is the first detection of CPV-2c infection in guina worldwide, with domestic dogs likely being the source of infection.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Victor Neira, Barbara Brito, Belen Aguero, Felipe Berrios, Valentina Valdes, Alberto Gutierrez, Naomi Ariyama, Patricio Espinoza, Patricio Retamal, Edward C. Holmes, Ana S. Gonzalez-Reiche, Zenab Khan, Adriana van de Guchte, Jayeeta Dutta, Lisa Miorin, Thomas Kehrer, Nicolas Galarce, Leonardo I. Almonacid, Jorge Levican, Harm van Bakel, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Rafael A. Medina
Summary: This study described a household with two human adults and three cats infected with SARS-CoV-2. One female cat was asymptomatically infected, and the virus showed human-to-cat transmission.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Juan Mena, Naomi Ariyama, Camila Navarro, Manuel Quezada, Cristina Brevis, Daniela Rojas, Rafael A. Medina, Barbara Brito, Alvaro Ruiz, Victor Neira
Summary: Before the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, the IAV was a neglected swine pathogen in South America that co-circulated with endemic H1N2 and H3N2 viruses in the Chilean swine population. A retrospective study of historical samples revealed the presence of H3N2 subtype related to human seasonal H3N2 IAV circulating globally in the mid-90s, highlighting the importance of genomic strategies in analyzing historical samples.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Nicolas Galarce, Fernando Sanchez, Beatriz Escobar, Lisette Lapierre, Javiera Cornejo, Raul Alegria-Moran, Victor Neira, Victor Martinez, Timothy Johnson, Danny Fuentes-Castillo, Elder Sano, Nilton Lincopan
Summary: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are zoonotic pathogens responsible for causing food-borne diseases in humans. The circulating STEC strains in South America exhibit high genomic diversity and harbor several genetic determinants associated with severe illness in humans. Official surveillance focused on detecting molecular determinants of virulence and clonal relatedness is needed to control the spread of critical clones along the entire beef production chain.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Juan Mena, Rodrigo Tapia, Claudio Verdugo, Luis Avendano, Paulina Parra-Castro, Rafael A. Medina, Gonzalo Barriga, Victor Neira
Summary: Understanding the genetic diversity and evolutionary patterns of pre-pandemic human seasonal influenza viruses in Chile is crucial for public health decision-making. This study found that the diversity of these viruses in Chile was influenced by continuous introductions of new A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 lineages, as well as constant viral exchange between Chile and other countries. These results highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance and prevention efforts in the region.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Carlos Flores, Naomi Ariyama, Benjamin Bennett, Juan Mena, Claudio Verdugo, Sunil Mor, Barbara Brito, Galia Ramirez-Toloza, Victor Neira
Summary: Porcine Astrovirus (PoAstV) is widely circulating in intensive pig farms in Chile, showing high frequency and diversity with multiple genetic lineages co-circulating. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close relationship between different PoAstV lineages from Chile and strains from the United States and Japan. Further studies are needed to understand the impact of PoAstV diversity on swine health.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Naomi Ariyama, Belen Aguero, Valentina Valdes, Felipe Berrios, Sergio Bucarey, Sunil Mor, Barbara Brito, Victor Neira
Summary: Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) is circulating widely in Chilean swine farms, with PCV2b and PCV2d genotypes predominating, but PCV2a also present. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between PCV2a Chilean strains and viruses collected in Chile in 2012 and 2013, as well as a similarity between PCV2d sequences and Asian viruses. PCV2a/PCV2d recombinant strain was not detected in this study. The results suggest a potential shift to PCV2d genotype in Chilean farms.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Anesthesiology
Juan C. Segura-Salguero, Lorena Diaz-Bohada, Alvaro J. Ruiz
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent TRR at our hospital between 2009 and 2020, summarizing their demographics, preoperative conditions, and postoperative complications. The study found that prolonged intubation was the primary cause of tracheal stenosis, and intravenous induction and laryngeal masks were the most commonly used airway management methods. Postoperative complications included vocal cord paralysis, postoperative ventilatory support, and the need for surgical reintervention. In the ICU, dexmedetomidine was the preferred choice for sedoanalgesia.
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Daniela Jimenez-Arriagada, Alejandro A. Hidalgo, Victor Neira, Andronico Neira-Carrillo, Sergio A. Bucarey
Summary: The study suggests that sulfated chitosan can serve as an effective antiviral polymer to reduce the impact of PCV2 infection on pigs, showing specific antiviral effects under different molecular weights, sulfate functionalization, and concentrations. Low molecular weight sulfated chitosan exerts antiviral activity by impeding viral attachment and penetration into cells.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alvaro J. Ruiz, Martin Alonso Rondon Sepulveda, Olga Patricia Panqueva Centanaro, Alan Waich, Juanita Ruiz, Luis Felipe Uriza Carrasco, Juan Camilo Ospina Garcia, Catherine M. Hill, Sonia M. Restrepo-Gualteros, Liliana Otero Mendoza, Patricia Hidalgo Martinez
Summary: This study investigated the frequency of sleep problems in low-income, urban pediatric populations in different altitude cities in Colombia. The findings showed a higher prevalence of sleep problems in children at higher altitudes compared to lower altitudes, emphasizing the importance of early detection and intervention for sleep disorders.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Paula Gadicke L'Huissier, R. Chihuailaf, R. Letelier, R. Allende, A. Ruiz, T. Junod
Summary: BAS is associated with negative energy balances, protective effects of high cholesterol plasma concentrations in the first trimester of gestation, and incidences of Neospora caninum, Leptospira interrogans, and a conjunction of the two. It is important to provide epidemiological surveillance tools that help anticipate herd reproductive losses through management measures, infectious disease control, and proper nutritional management.
VETERINARIA MEXICO
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Vikash K. Singh, Victor Neira, Barbara Brito, Naomi Ariyama, Matt Sturos, Sunil K. Mor
Summary: Bovine rotavirus A (boRVA) strains are common causes of diarrhea in calves and can reassort with human rotaviruses. This study detected the genetic material of boRVA in fecal samples from calves with diarrhea and identified a novel boRVA genotype closely related to human rotavirus strains from the USA.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Yimy F. Medina, Alvaro J. Ruiz, Martin A. Rondon
Summary: This study recommends standardized joint examination techniques based on the modified RAND-UCLA method, achieved through literature review and consensus among rheumatologists. These techniques can improve and standardize the physical examination method of joints for patients, leading to better diagnosis and treatment outcomes for rheumatoid arthritis patients.
JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY HEALTHCARE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alan Waich, Julian Esteban Barahona-Correa, Maria del Carmen Figueredo, Martin Alonso Rondon-Sepulveda, Alvaro J. Ruiz, Julio Cesar Castellanos, Patricia Hidalgo-Martinez
Summary: The study aimed to assess the sleep quality, insomnia, and perceived stress of healthcare workers at a high complexity hospital in Bogota, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was conducted, surveying 1,155 healthcare workers using an online-based survey. The results showed that 74.9% had poor sleep quality, 12.4% had insomnia, and 13.2% reported high levels of perceived stress. Poor sleep quality was more prevalent among females, those aged 31-45, and married personnel. It was also associated with the family's perceived risk of COVID-19 infection.