Article
Infectious Diseases
Lise Beier Havdal, Hakon Boas, Terese Bekkevold, Anne-Marte Bakken Kran, Astrid Elisabeth Rojahn, Ketil Stordal, Sara Debes, Henrik Dollner, Svein Arne Nordbo, Bjorn Barstad, Elisebet Haarr, Liliana Vazquez Fernandez, Britt Nakstad, Christopher Inchley, Elmira Flem
Summary: This study estimated the age-specific incidence of medically attended RSV infections in hospitalised Norwegian children and provided insights into the epidemiology of the disease. The highest incidence rates were observed in 1-month-old children, while lower rates were found in children aged 24-59 months.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Laura L. Hammitt, Ron Dagan, Yuan Yuan, Manuel Baca Cots, Miroslava Bosheva, Shabir A. Madhi, William J. Muller, Heather J. Zar, Dennis Brooks, Amy Grenham, Ulrika Wahlby Hamren, Vaishali S. Mankad, Pin Ren, Therese Takas, Michael E. Abram, Amanda Leach, M. Pamela Griffin, Tonya Villafana
Summary: A single injection of nirsevimab administered before the RSV season protected healthy late-preterm and term infants from medically attended RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luan D. Vu, Anh T. Q. Phan, Diego R. Hijano, David T. Siefker, Heather Tillman, Stephania A. Cormier
Summary: This study demonstrates that IL-1 beta positively regulates but is not required for RSV-induced expression of pulmonary IL-33 in neonatal mice, while IL-10 exacerbates IL-33-mediated immunopathogenesis upon reinfection. The findings suggest that targeting IL-33 may be a potential therapy for respiratory viral infections.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sherri A. Powledge, Taylor B. McAtee, Amelia R. Woolums, T. Robin Falkner, John T. Groves, Merilee Thoresen, Robert Valeris-Chacin, John T. Richeson
Summary: Vaccination with modified-live virus (MLV) did not have a clear impact on the health or growth of high-risk calves, but intranasal MLV vaccination was associated with increased carriage of Histophilus somni (Hs) in the naris and reduced culture of Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh) from lung tissue samples. This suggests that intranasal MLV vaccination can alter the microbial community in the respiratory tract of cattle.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Qin Luo, Maozhong Li, Aihua Li, Cheng Gong, Mei Dong, Qi Huang, Ming Luo, Herun Zhang, Fang Huang
Summary: This study investigated the genetic variability and epidemiological features of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Beijing from 2015 to 2019. The results showed that RSV infection mainly occurred in the elderly population aged over 60, except for children under 5. Newly emerged sub-lineages of RSV gradually replaced existing sub-lineages and became predominant in Beijing. Continued surveillance of the genetic diversity of RSV is necessary.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Shengwei Jin, Hui An, Tong Zhou, Ting Li, Mengzhen Xie, Saijing Chen, Chengshui Chen, Binyu Ying, Zhangye Xu, Xiaokun Li, Ming Li
Summary: The study revealed diverse clinical and immunological responses to COVID-19 infection based on sex and age categories. Female patients showed milder disease severity, negative associations with inflammatory responses, and liver damage. On the other hand, older patients exhibited compromised immune responses, negative associations with CD8(+) T cell count, but positive associations with inflammatory responses and liver damage.
Article
Respiratory System
Xiaoming Liu, Thi Hiep Nguyen, Leon Sokulsky, Xiang Li, Keilah Garcia Netto, Alan Chen-Yu Hsu, Chi Liu, Karen Laurie, Ian Barr, Hock Tay, Fiona Eyers, Paul S. Foster, Ming Yang
Summary: The study examined the inflammatory response to FLU, RV, and RSV infections in mice, finding that IL-17A is a common pathogenic molecule regulating diseases induced by the three prevalent respiratory viruses. Targeting the IL-17A pathway may offer a unified approach to treating these respiratory infections, alleviating inflammation-induced lesions and breathing difficulties.
Article
Immunology
Mina Suh, Naimisha Movva, Xiaohui Jiang, Lauren C. Bylsma, Heidi Reichert, Jon P. Fryzek, Christopher B. Nelson
Summary: This study demonstrates that acute bronchiolitis due to RSV is the leading cause of hospitalizations in US infants, especially during the winter months.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Teresia W. Maina, Elizabeth A. Grego, Scott Broderick, Randy E. Sacco, Balaji Narasimhan, Jodi L. McGill
Summary: Researchers determined the effectiveness of a nanovaccine based on polyanhydride, encapsulating the BRSV post-fusion F and G glycoproteins and CpG, in the neonatal calf model. The nanovaccine, delivered via heterologous or homologous immunization, demonstrated clinical and virological protection in the calves, comparable to a commercial modified-live vaccine.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bingbing Cong, Izzie Dighero, Tiantian Zhang, Alexandria Chung, Harish Nair, You Li
Summary: This study used statistical modelling to investigate the morbidity and mortality rates of RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) and found that both rates showed a U-shaped distribution. Infants and older adults should be prioritized for RSV immunization programs.
Article
Immunology
Xin Cheng, Gan Zhao, Aihua Dong, Zhonghuai He, Jiarong Wang, Brian Jiang, Bo Wang, Miaomiao Wang, Xuefen Huai, Shijie Zhang, Shuangshuang Feng, Hong Qin, Bin Wang
Summary: This study conducted a first-in-human trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity response of the BARS13 vaccine in healthy adults. The vaccine demonstrated good safety and tolerability, and there were no significant differences in adverse reaction severity or frequency between different dose groups. The immune response in repeat-dose recipients showed potential for further study and guiding the dose selection for future studies.
Article
Infectious Diseases
G. Lui, C. K. Wong, M. Chan, K. C. Chong, R. Wong, I Chu, M. Zhang, T. Li, D. S. C. Hui, N. Lee, P. K. S. Chan
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the viral kinetics, host inflammatory response, and their correlation with disease severity in older adults with RSV infection. The results showed that inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was independently associated with severe disease, while RSV viral load was not associated with disease severity.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Jonathan M. Mansbach, Ying (Shelly) Qi, Janice A. Espinola, Kohei Hasegawa, Henry T. Puls, Ashley F. Sullivan, Carlos A. Camargo
Summary: In a prospective cohort study, it was found that infants born late pre-term (gestational age 34-36.9 weeks) had a 35% higher risk of developing asthma by the age of 5 compared to full-term infants.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ioanna Aggeletopoulou, Efthymios P. P. Tsounis, Christos Triantos
Summary: Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a pleiotropic cytokine with both extracellular and nuclear functions, and its receptor ST2 plays a critical role in regulating inflammatory disorders. The IL-33/ST2 axis is involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and mucosal defenses. This review focuses on the pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of the IL-33/ST2 axis in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying its association with IBD pathogenesis. Understanding the IL-33/ST2-mediated mechanisms in IBD has potential for clinical applications as therapeutic targets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Xin Long, Jun Xie, Luo Ren, Guangyuan Yu, Enmei Liu, Yu Deng, Xiaoru Long
Summary: IL-17A has a significant role in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and is associated with respiratory system diseases in children and mice. CD3(+)CD4(+)T cells are its major cellular sources, and the IL-6/IL-21-IL-23R-ROR gamma t signaling pathway might participate in its regulation.
Article
Cell Biology
Jiajun Liu, Shumin Li, Xuefeng Fei, Xi Nan, Yingying Shen, Huiqing Xiu, Stephania A. Cormier, Chaojie Lu, Chuqi Guo, Shibo Wang, Zhijian Cai, Pingli Wang
Summary: Exposure to particulate matter is associated with increased incidence of lung cancer and metastasis, with neutrophil recruitment playing a central role in promoting lung cancer metastasis. The study highlights the coordination between lung epithelial cells and neutrophils in promoting cancer metastasis in response to PM exposure.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luan D. Vu, Anh T. Q. Phan, Diego R. Hijano, David T. Siefker, Heather Tillman, Stephania A. Cormier
Summary: This study demonstrates that IL-1 beta positively regulates but is not required for RSV-induced expression of pulmonary IL-33 in neonatal mice, while IL-10 exacerbates IL-33-mediated immunopathogenesis upon reinfection. The findings suggest that targeting IL-33 may be a potential therapy for respiratory viral infections.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Jordy Saravia, Hongbo Chi
Summary: This study reveals that mTORC2 plays a crucial role in supporting the long-term survival of memory CD4(+) T cells by protecting them from a specific form of regulated cell death known as ferroptosis.
Article
Toxicology
Avinash Kumar, Vivek S. Patel, Jeffrey N. Harding, Dahui You, Stephania A. Cormier
Summary: Exposure to PM results in failure to sustain IL22 levels and an inability to induce IL22 upon Flu infection, which may affect epithelial repair and immune responses. Changes in microbiome and AhR activation may also play a role in this process.
PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rebecca C. Christofferson, Hollis R. O'Neal, Tonya Jagneaux, Catherine O'Neal, Christine S. Walsh, E. Handly Mayton, Luan D. Vu, Abigail Fish, Anh Phan, Thaya E. Stoufflet, Jonathan R. Schroeder, Morgan Walker, Erik A. Turner, Christi Pierce, K. Scott Wester, Connie DeLeo, Edgardo Tenreiro, Beverly Ogden, Stephania A. Cormier
Summary: In March 2020, a surge in COVID-19 patients in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, highlighted the need for improved diagnostic testing capabilities to better allocate resources and handle patient influx. By establishing a molecular diagnostic lab and reducing turnaround times, the partnership led to significant improvements in patient care and resource efficiency.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lavrent Khachatryan, Mohamad Barekati-Goudarzi, Rubik Asatryan, Andrew Ozarowski, Dorin Boldor, Slawomir M. Lomnicki, Stephania A. Cormier
Summary: This study presents a detailed analysis of the formation of persistent radicals from hydrolytic lignin pyrolysis in a metal-free environment and explores their potential contribution to biomass burning. The study identifies a new type of metal-free environmentally persistent free radicals (bio-EPFRs) and suggests that they can be formed not only from lignin/biomass pyrolysis but also from various thermal processes in combustion reactors and media. The experimental results and potential energy surface analyses provide insights into the formation of C-and O-centered radicals during lignin gas-phase pyrolysis. The study also highlights the potential importance of bio-EPFRs in understanding the impacts of biomass burning.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rebecca C. Christofferson, Stephania A. Cormier
Summary: This article discusses the importance of disease prevention and response plans, emphasizing the need to not only focus on the emergence of novel pathogens, but also address the threats posed by already identified pathogens. It suggests adopting the concept of "Disease f(x)" to prioritize research and programmatic development.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexandra Noel, David G. Ashbrook, Fuyi Xu, Stephania A. Cormier, Lu Lu, James P. O'Callaghan, Shyam K. Menon, Wenyuan Zhao, Arthur L. Penn, Byron C. Jones
Summary: Air pollution, specifically diesel exhaust, is a major source of environmental health hazard. Recent studies have shown associations between exposures to diesel exhaust and neurological developmental disorders as well as neurodegeneration. This study investigates the effects of sub-chronic inhalation exposure to diesel exhaust on neuroinflammatory markers in two inbred mouse strains of both sexes. The results reveal differential strain-related effects of diesel exhaust on neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity, highlighting the need for expanded studies on strain-related effects of diesel exhaust neurotoxicity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ayaho Yamamoto, Peter D. Sly, Keng Yih Chew, Lavrent Khachatryan, Nelufa Begum, Abrey J. Yeo, Luan D. Vu, Kirsty R. Short, Stephania A. Cormier, Emmanuelle Fantino
Summary: Epidemiological evidence shows a link between lower air quality and increased severity of COVID-19, but the mechanism is not yet understood. This study suggests that oxidative stress caused by air pollution could increase viral replication and inflammation in the nasal epithelium. The researchers found that exposure to an oxidant found in air pollution increased SARS-CoV-2 replication and inflammation-related gene expression, while antioxidant treatment reduced viral replication and inflammation. These findings indicate that oxidant damage to the respiratory epithelium may contribute to the association between poor air quality and increased COVID-19 severity.
EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Luan D. Vu, Shonta Wallace, Anh T. Q. Phan, Rebecca C. Christofferson, Erik Turner, Sean Parker, Karen Elkind-Hirsch, Darrell Landry, Austin Stansbury, Rebecca Rose, David J. Nolan, Susanna L. Lamers, Michael Hirezi, Beverly Ogden, Stephania A. Cormier
Summary: Understanding the risk factors for breakthrough COVID-19 is crucial for policy-making. This study assessed the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine against the Delta variant and investigated breakthrough cases among vaccinated individuals. The study found that sex, age, history of vaccine reactions, and viral neutralization capacities are significant risk factors for breakthrough COVID-19. The study also supported the use of vaccine boosters to control the spread of future variants.
EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Kerry M. Empey, Elizabeth D. Fixman, Stephania Cormier, Jay K. Kolls, Giovanni Piedimonte
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ankit Aryal, Alexandra Noel, Lavrent Khachatryan, Stephania A. Cormier, Pratiti H. Chowdhury, Arthur Penn, Tammy R. Dugas, Ashlyn C. Harmon
Summary: This study evaluates the cardiopulmonary effects of particulate matter containing environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and finds that these particles can cause both lung function decline and vascular dysfunction. Gene expression analysis reveals that lung AT2 cells are the primary target for EPFR activation, highlighting the importance of additional studies on the cardiopulmonary effects of EPFRs.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chuansheng Guo, Zhiyuan You, Hao Shi, Yu Sun, Xingrong Du, Gustavo Palacios, Cliff Guy, Sujing Yuan, Nicole M. M. Chapman, Seon Ah Lim, Xiang Sun, Jordy Saravia, Sherri Rankin, Yogesh Dhungana, Hongbo Chi
Summary: Cancer cells evade T cell-mediated killing through unknown mechanisms. Dendritic cells, especially type-1 conventional DCs, play a crucial role in T cell priming and therapeutic efficacy against tumors. The function of dendritic cells is orchestrated by pattern recognition receptors, but other signals involved are not fully defined. Nutrients have been identified as emerging mediators of adaptive immunity, but their impact on dendritic cell function and communication between innate and adaptive immune cells is still unclear.
Article
Immunology
Wei Su, Jordy Saravia, Isabel Risch, Sherri Rankin, Cliff Guy, Nicole M. Chapman, Hao Shi, Yu Sun, K. C. Anil, Wei Li, Hongling Huang, Seon Ah Lim, Haoran Hu, Yan Wang, Danting Liu, Yun Jiao, Ping-Chung Chen, Hadeer Soliman, Koon-Kiu Yan, Jonathan Zhang, Peter Vogel, Xueyan Liu, Geidy E. Serrano, Thomas G. Beach, Jiyang Yu, Junmin Peng, Hongbo Chi
Summary: In this study, brain-resident CD8(+) T cells coexpressing CXCR6 and PD-1 were identified in AD brains and found to restrict AD pathologies. CXCR6 orchestrates the accumulation and tissue residency of brain CD8(+) T cells by regulating their interaction with microglia.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Stephania A. Cormier, Ayaho Yamamoto, Kirsty R. Short, Luan Vu, William A. Suk
Summary: This article discusses the impact of exposure to airborne pollutants on the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 infection, and proposes the potential role of nutritional antioxidants in reducing disease severity.
ANNALS OF GLOBAL HEALTH
(2022)