Trace-element composition and stable-isotope ratio for discrimination of foods with Protected Designation of Origin

We review the literature on authentication of foods with Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) from their trace-element composition or stable-isotope ratios in order to evaluate the state of the art of this field and to identify the main parameters of analytical techniques and chemometric-data treatments that permit accurate discrimination of samples of different geographical origins and with different characteristics. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.