期刊
TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
卷 231, 期 1, 页码 1-8出版社
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.08.022
关键词
CGN; MIC-1; ATF3; Epithelial apoptosis
类别
资金
- Biomedical Research Institute and Pusan Cancer Center, Pusan National University Hospital [2011-26]
Carrageenan (CGN), a widely used food additive, has been shown to injure the epithelial barrier in animal models. This type of damage is a clinical feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans. In the present study, the effects of CGN on pro-apoptotic responses associated with macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1) regulation in human enterocytes were evaluated. CGN up-regulated the expression of MIC-1 that promoted epithelial cell apoptosis. Although MIC-1 induction was dependent on pro-apoptotic p53 protein, the pro-survival protein activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was negatively regulated by p53 expression. However, MIC-1 enhanced the expression of the pro-survival protein ATF3 in enterocytes exposed to CGN. Functionally, MIC-1-mediated epithelial cell apoptosis was counteracted by the pro-survival action of ATF3 in response to CGN exposure. These findings demonstrated that the counterbalance between MIC-1 and ATF3 is critical for deciding the fate of enterocytes under the food chemical stress. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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