Article
Immunology
Vinay Chavan Prakash Rao, Sharada Ramakrishnaiah, Shrikrishna Isloor, Rathnamma Doddamane, Dilip Lakshman, Manjunath Shinde Sundar Rao Maralavadi, Avinash Bhat, Balaji Chandrashekar, Krithiga Natesan, Ganesh Kondabattula, Nagendra R. Hegde
Summary: This study assessed the effectiveness of a mass dog vaccination program in Bengaluru, India. Testing blood and serum samples from vaccinated stray dogs, the study found that 71% and 87% of the samples had adequate levels of antibodies for protection against rabies as determined by RFFIT and iELISA tests respectively. The quantitative iELISA was found to be useful for large-scale seromonitoring of the vaccination program.
Article
Microbiology
Simone Dallari, Thomas Heaney, Adriana Rosas-Villegas, Jessica A. Neil, Serre-Yu Wong, Judy J. Brown, Kelly Urbanek, Christin Herrmann, Daniel P. Depledge, Terence S. Dermody, Ken Cadwell
Summary: The study systematically defined the host response in mice to a panel of eukaryotic enteric viruses from six different families, revealing that most infections were asymptomatic in the mice but varied in magnitude and duration based on the microbiota. Flow cytometric and transcriptional profiling uncovered general adaptations by the host, such as lymphocyte differentiation and IL-22 signatures in the intestine, as well as numerous viral-strain-specific responses. Comparison with bacterial mono-associations identified bacterial species that induce immune responses similar to the viruses examined, emphasizing the importance of viral exposure events in the immune space occupied by the enteric virome.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Jianglong Li, Qi Liu, Jun Liu, Xiaohong Wu, Yixin Lei, Shuang Li, Danhua Zhao, Zhi Li, Liping Luo, Sophia Peng, Yingrao Ou, Hong Yang, Jing Jin, Yuhua Li, Yucai Peng
Summary: Researchers have developed an mRNA-based rabies vaccine that demonstrates strong immune responses and protection in mice and dogs. This new vaccine offers advantages in rapid development and production compared to existing vaccines.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eirini Karamichali, Pelagia Foka, Georgia Papadopoulou, Domniki Loukaki-Gkountara, Konstantina Andresaki, Ioannis Koskinas, Urania Georgopoulou
Summary: The development of smart immune evasion mechanisms is crucial for the establishment of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. This review discusses how hepatitis viruses exploit exosome biogenesis and transport capacity to establish successful infection and spread, as well as the contribution of exosomes in viral persistence and liver disease progression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Baokun Sui, Dong Chen, Wei Liu, Bin Tian, Lei Lv, Jie Pei, Qiong Wu, Ming Zhou, Zhen F. Fu, Yi Zhang, Ling Zhao
Summary: The study identified differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in wild-type and lab-attenuated RABV-infected mouse brains, revealing their association with immune response and ion transport-related pathways, providing insights into the potential role of lncRNA in immune evasion and neuron injury induced by WT RABV.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
An Fang, Yueming Yuan, Fei Huang, Caiqian Wang, Dayong Tian, Rui Zhou, Ming Zhou, Huanchun Chen, Zhen F. Fu, Ling Zhao
Summary: The ability to change BBB permeability was associated with the pathogenicity of RABV. BBB permeability was enhanced by infection with lab-attenuated RABV instead of wt RABV, allowing immune cells to infiltrate into the CNS. MMP8 plays a critical role in enhancing BBB permeability during RABV infection by degrading TJ proteins. The upregulation of MMP8 is mediated by inflammatory signaling pathways activated by lab-attenuated RABV infection.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Milton Mapatse, Ernest Ngoepe, Darrell Abernethy, Jose Manuel Fafetine, Iolanda Anahory, Claude Sabeta
Summary: This study assessed the level of rabies virus antibodies in dogs in Limpopo National Park and genetically characterized the rabies viruses found. The results showed low levels of antibodies against rabies virus in this dog population.
Article
Immunology
Katrina M. Morris, Anamika Mishra, Ashwin A. Raut, Eleanor R. Gaunt, Dominika Borowska, Richard I. Kuo, Bo Wang, Periyasamy Vijayakumar, Santhalembi Chingtham, Rupam Dutta, Kenneth Baillie, Paul Digard, Lonneke Vervelde, David W. Burt, Jacqueline Smith
Summary: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, such as H5N1, pose a serious threat to animal agriculture, wildlife, and public health. This study aimed to understand the susceptibility and tolerance of different avian species to HPAI challenge by examining the response of six species to low pathogenic avian influenza (H9N2) and two strains of H5N1 with differing virulence. The study revealed important discoveries regarding the viral loads, neuro-inflammatory response, differential gene regulation, and immune response timing in different avian species.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Mahmoud M. Naguib, Per Eriksson, Elinor Jax, Michelle Wille, Cecilia Lindskog, Caroline Brojer, Janina Krambrich, Jonas Waldenstrom, Robert H. S. Kraus, Goran Larson, Ake Lundkvist, Bjorn Olsen, Josef D. Jarhult, Patrik Ellstrom
Summary: This study investigates the infection outcomes and immune responses in two avian hosts, tufted ducks and chickens, following infection with different mallard-origin influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes. The results show that the infection and shedding patterns, as well as the innate immune responses, are highly dependent on viral subtypes, host species, and inoculation routes. These findings provide new insights into the interspecies transmission of IAV and are important for understanding its zoonotic ecology.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Amanda Makha Bifani, Milly M. Choy, Hwee Cheng Tan, Eng Eong Ooi
Summary: This study reveals that attenuated dengue virus strains have significantly higher genome diversity compared to their wild-type counterparts, suggesting that genome diversity could potentially serve as a marker of DENV attenuation.
Review
Microbiology
Rhys Brown, Emily Priest, Julian R. Naglik, Jonathan P. Richardson
Summary: Fungi produce toxins that have significant impacts on health, but our understanding of how these toxins modulate immune responses is still incomplete, requiring further research.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Yuqin Fan, Weiye Chen, Chenggang Jiang, Xianfeng Zhang, Ying Sun, Renqiang Liu, Jingfei Wang, Decheng Yang, Dongming Zhao, Zhigao Bu, Xijun He
Summary: A study found that the HLJ/18-7GD vaccine candidate was safe and effective in laboratory and clinical trials for African swine fever. Pigs vaccinated with HLJ/18-7GD showed high levels of specific antibodies and increased levels of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood. After challenging with a virulent strain, the percentage of T lymphocyte subsets increased significantly. The study suggests that HLJ/18-7GD provides immune protection through multiple mechanisms.
Review
Microbiology
Chonghui Xu, Jizheng Chen, Xinwen Chen
Summary: Hepatitis viruses are the primary causative agents of hepatitis and pose a major public health issue globally. The host innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against these viruses. However, hepatitis viruses evade host immune surveillance through various strategies, compromising the innate immune response and creating a favorable environment for viral replication.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kavita Narang, Elizabeth H. Cheek, Elizabeth Ann L. Enninga, Regan N. Theiler
Summary: Congenital and perinatal infections pose significant risks to pregnant women, potentially leading to fetal infection and long-term developmental consequences. Some pathogens can directly infect the fetus by crossing the placenta, while others induce maternal or placental inflammation that indirectly harms the fetus. The placenta is a temporary but critical organ that plays vital roles in facilitating fetal nutrition, oxygenation, and protection against in utero infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Ruixin Deng, Xiaowen Wang, Ruoyu Li
Summary: This review summarizes recent advances in host-fungal interactions, focusing on the mechanisms of antifungal immunity and the relationship between immune deficiency and chronic dermatophytosis. It highlights the importance of improving patient outcomes and developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Sung-Su Youk, Christina M. Leyson, Brittany A. Seibert, Samadhan Jadhao, Daniel R. Perez, David L. Suarez, Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood
Summary: The study reveals that the H5N2 avian influenza virus adapted to poultry hosts through genetic changes, enhancing infectivity and pathogenicity. This provides important insights into the epidemiology and adaptation of H5Nx HPAI viruses in poultry.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sydney E. Sneed, Kelly M. Scheulin, Erin E. Kaiser, Madison M. Fagan, Brian J. Jurgielewicz, Elizabeth S. Waters, Samantha E. Spellicy, Kylee J. Duberstein, Simon R. Platt, Emily W. Baker, Steven L. Stice, Holly A. Kinder, Franklin D. West
Summary: The study found differences in brain anatomy and gait patterns pre-stroke between YC and LR pigs, but highly comparable stroke pathologies post-stroke. These results suggest that different pig breeds may show similar ischemic stroke response and outcomes, allowing findings to be compared across porcine stroke studies using different breeds.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Michael Prosniak, Larry A. Harshyne, Jonathan Gorky, Mark T. Curtis, Lawrence C. Kenyon, James S. Schwaber, Aurore Lebrun, Rhonda B. Kean, David W. Andrews, D. Craig Hooper
Summary: Patients with grade III anaplastic astrocytomas (AA) can be categorized into distinct immune bias profiles based on the presence or absence of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). Two different immune biases were identified in patients with different IDH mutational status, with type 2 bias more common in IDH wild-type AA and type 1 bias more common in patients with IDH1R132H mutation. Additionally, the patient's immune profile was found to be more closely associated with tumor vascular enhancement on imaging rather than IDH mutational status.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Aran Nagendran, James Fraser McConnell, Luisa De Risio, Roberto Jose-Lopez, Rodrigo Gutierrez Quintana, Kelsey Robinson, Simon R. Platt, Daniel Sanchez Masian, Thomas Maddox, Rita Goncalves
Summary: Seizure-induced changes detected by MRI in dogs include T2 hyperintensity, T1 isointense or hypointense lesions, local mass effect, and contrast enhancement, with a majority being bilateral and symmetrical. The study identified areas such as the hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, and piriform lobes, as well as DWI and PWI changes that may reflect metabolic and vascular alterations.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Aladdin Taha, Joaquim Bobi, Ruben Dammers, Rick M. Dijkhuizen, Antje Y. Dreyer, Adriaan C. G. M. van Es, Fabienne Ferrara, Matthew J. Gounis, Bjoern Nitzsche, Simon Platt, Michael H. Stoffel, Victor Volovici, Gregory J. del Zoppo, Dirk J. Duncker, Diederik W. J. Dippel, Johannes Boltze, Heleen M. M. van Beusekom
Summary: Translation of acute ischemic stroke research to the clinical setting remains limited, with only one drug successfully completing the path from experimental study to clinical practice. Large gyrencephalic animal models, such as dogs, swine, sheep, and nonhuman primates, have been recommended to improve the selection of experimental treatments before testing in clinical studies. This review discusses the characteristics of these animal models and aims to facilitate the selection of appropriate models for studying acute ischemic stroke.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sungsu Youk, Christina M. Leyson, Darren J. Parris, Henry M. Kariithi, David L. Suarez, Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood
Summary: Mexican lineage H5N2 avian influenza viruses have evolved from low pathogenicity to highly pathogenicity and spread to multiple countries. Genetic reassortment and mechanical transmission are important factors in the virus's spread and evolution. There are differences in infectivity and transmission between chicken and mallard, and genetic changes may affect vaccine efficacy.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Veterinary Sciences
Sergio A. Gomes, Ines Carrera, Kimberley Stee, Simon R. Platt
JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Virology
Christina M. Leyson, Miria F. Criado, Sungsu Youk, Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood
Summary: This study investigated within-host viral diversity in turkeys and chickens infected with avian influenza viruses (AIVs). The findings suggest that low pathogenicity AIVs have higher iSNV diversities and frequencies of nonsynonymous changes compared to high pathogenicity AIVs.
Article
Virology
Sungsu Youk, Christina Leyson, Mary Lea Killian, Mia Kim Torchetti, Dong-hun Lee, David L. Suarez, Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood
Summary: Wild bird-origin H7 subtype avian influenza viruses pose a constant threat to commercial poultry, and understanding their genetic basis and evolutionary pathways is crucial. This study analyzed the changes in HA genes of H7 viruses over time in both wild birds and poultry, identifying recurring amino acid changes and gene constellations. The findings shed light on the adaptation and mutation of the virus in poultry and increase our understanding of its evolutionary pathways.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Henry M. Kariithi, Jeremy D. Volkening, Christina M. Leyson, Claudio L. Afonso, Nancy Christy, Eduardo Lucio Decanini, Stephane Lemiere, David L. Suarez
Summary: New variants of infectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs) have been identified in commercial flocks in Mexico through genome sequencing. These variants show genetic variations and regional distribution in Mexico. This study highlights the importance of evaluating the IBV vaccines used in Mexico and the need for active surveillance.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Erin E. Kaiser, Elizabeth S. Waters, Xueyuan Yang, Madison M. Fagan, Kelly M. Scheulin, Sydney E. Sneed, Savannah R. Cheek, Julie Heejin Jeon, Soo K. Shin, Holly A. Kinder, Anil Kumar, Simon R. Platt, Kylee J. Duberstein, Hea Jin Park, Jin Xie, Franklin D. West
Summary: This study evaluated the potential of Tan IIA drug-loaded nanoparticles (Tan IIA-NPs) to improve iNSC engraftment and efficacy in a translational pig ischemic stroke model. The results showed that pretreatment with Tan IIA-NPs increased iNSC survivability and enhanced cellular and tissue recovery, leading to improved neurological function.
STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Salman L. Butt, Henry M. Kariithi, Jeremy D. Volkening, Tonya L. Taylor, Christina Leyson, Mary Pantin-Jackwood, David L. Suarez, James B. Stanton, Claudio L. Afonso
Summary: Co-infections of avian species with different RNA viruses and pathogenic bacteria can be accurately diagnosed and managed using a non-targeted sequencing approach, which provides a comprehensive view of the causes of disease. Long-read portable sequencers show potential advantages over short-read sequencers in terms of portability, speed, and cost. The MinION sequencing platform demonstrates the feasibility of rapidly detecting and genetically characterizing respiratory pathogens in clinical samples, similar to the Illumina MiSeq platform.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Bo Yan, D. Craig Hooper, Zhiyong Yuan, Changli Wang, Yulong Chen, Bo Lu
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether humoral immunity contributed to observed cardiac tissue damage in concurrent cardiac irradiation and PD-1 blockade. The study found that the presence of cardiac autoantibodies played a key role in the resulting cardiotoxicity.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Koen M. Santifort, Ines Carrera, Simon Platt
Summary: This case report highlights the MRI-based diagnosis of traumatic hemorrhagic myelopathy in a dog and achieved a fair short-term outcome with conservative treatment.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood, Erica Spackman, Christina Leyson, Sungsu Youk, Scott A. Lee, Linda M. Moon, Mia K. Torchetti, Mary L. Killian, Julianna B. Lenoch, Darrell R. Kapczynski, David E. Swayne, David L. Suarez, Ayato Takada
Summary: This study evaluated the pathobiology of different lineages of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickens and turkeys. The findings suggest that there are differences in transmissibility and clinical signs between chickens and turkeys infected with different viruses.