Article
Toxicology
Nora L. Krutz, Ian Kimber, Cindy A. Ryan, Petra S. Kern, G. Frank Gerberick
Summary: Research on methods to evaluate the respiratory sensitization potential of low-molecular weight chemicals is hindered by a lack of chemical reference standards and uncertainty about relevant immunological mechanisms. The formation of stable adducts of the chemical with host proteins is the first key event in the development of either skin or respiratory sensitization.
TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Toxicology
Isabel Ferreira, Goncalo Brites, Ana Silva, Francisco Caramelo, Barbara Oliveiros, Bruno Miguel Neves, Maria Teresa Cruz
Summary: Chemical-peptide conjugation is the molecular initiating event in skin sensitization, and has been used in the development of peptide reactivity assays. The ProtReact assay is a spectrophotometric method for measuring skin sensitization potential based on this event, and shows similar predictive capacities to the DPRA assay.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Hassan Srour, Alexis Gosset, Francois-Marie Moussallieh, Karim Elbayed, Elena Gimenez-Arnau, Jean-Pierre Lepoittevin
Summary: This study synthesized two 13C isotopomers of PPD and investigated their reactivity in reconstructed human epidermis using HRMAS NMR technique. The results showed that PPD underwent acetylation reaction catalyzed by N-acetyltransferase enzymes in reconstructed human epidermis, and under oxidative conditions, cysteine adducts were detected.
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Hassan Srour, Alexis Gosset, Francois-Marie Moussallieh, Karim Elbayed, Elena Gimenez-Arnau, Jean-Pierre Lepoittevin
Summary: This study investigates the reactivity of p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) and its oxidation derivative benzoquinone diamine (BQDI) in reconstructed human epidermis (RHE). The results show that acetylation reaction is the main process taking place in RHE. Additionally, under oxidative conditions, cysteine adducts can be detected.
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Fei Wu, Yi Gong, Lili Song, Haoyi Li, Xiangmin Zhang, Hongyan Li, Shicui Zhang
Summary: This study demonstrates that Pt5-1c promotes wound closure in vitro and accelerates healing and re-epithelialization in vivo. It activates migration and proliferation of fibroblasts and promotes collagen contraction. Pt5-1c shows potential as a therapeutic candidate for promoting wound healing.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Emily Golden, Mikhail Maertens, Thomas Hartung, Alexandra Maertens
Summary: Chemical respiratory sensitization is a significant immunological process that leads to health issues such as occupational asthma, but it is difficult to predict. Regulatory bodies often use the skin sensitization status of chemicals as a proxy for respiratory sensitization when assessing safety. Some models have been developed to evaluate this, but potency and data quality issues remain to be addressed.
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Elijah J. Petersen, Richard Uhl, Blaza Toman, John T. Elliott, Judy Strickland, James Truax, John Gordon
Summary: The Electrophilic Allergen Screening Assay (EASA) is a promising method for detecting the first key event in the adverse outcome pathway for skin sensitization. This study describes the redesign of EASA into a 96-well plate format that incorporates in-process control measurements to increase confidence in the assay results.
Article
Biology
Tahel Ronel, Matthew Harries, Kate Wicks, Theres Oakes, Helen Singleton, Rebecca Dearman, Gavin Maxwell, Benny Chain
Summary: DPC induces allergic contact dermatitis and is used in the treatment of warts, melanoma, and alopecia areata. Response to DPC is mediated by a polyclonal population of T cells recognizing a small number of dominant antigens.
Article
Immunology
Uriel Cruz Meza, Norvell Perezbusta Lara, Laura Chavez Gomez, Marcela Solis Rodriguez, Javier R. Ambrosio Hernandez, Rocio Tirado Mendoza
Summary: Acute respiratory infections, mainly affecting children under the age of 5 and immunocompromised senior adults, are a major cause of morbidity in Mexico. The human respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and human parainfluenza-2 are responsible for many respiratory infections, and current treatment options are limited. In this study, the HRA2pl peptide, targeting the fusion protein of hMPV, showed promising antiviral activity in inhibiting viral entry and reducing viral titer in clinical samples. These findings suggest the potential of HRA2pl as a therapeutic option and warrant further clinical trials.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Jian Peng, Yue Wang, Zhaoyin Wu, Chengju Mao, Lu Li, Huijun Cao, Zhilang Qiu, Guo Guo, Guiyou Liang, Feng Shen
Summary: The antimicrobial peptide Cec4 effectively clears multidrug-resistant A. baumannii by altering bacterial cell membrane permeability, polarity, and increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species. Cec4 affects the expression of important genes related to the secretion system, outer membrane, and efflux pump in A. baumannii. It does not easily induce stable drug resistance in bacteria. In vivo experiments show that Cec4 has good therapeutic potential with low toxicity against cells and tissues, effectively improving survival rates and reducing bacterial load in infected mice.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
David A. Basketter, Ian Kimber
Summary: This article reviews the interaction between proteins and the skin immune system, and considers the experience gained from the use of enzymes in laundry and cleaning products over the years. The conclusion drawn is that although transcutaneous sensitization to proteins can occur, skin contact with enzymes used in consumer cleaning products does not appear to pose a significant risk of allergic disease. Furthermore, the summarized evidence supports the view that proteins do not pose a risk of allergic contact dermatitis.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Minh-Thuong Khong, Valerie Berl, Lauriane Kuhn, Philippe Hammann, Jean-Pierre Lepoittevin
Summary: The study found that the reaction of phthalic anhydride 1 (PA) in reconstructed human epidermis was fast, forming mainly phthalic acid. Proteomics analysis of RHE samples exposed to phthalic anhydride (C-13)-1 identified 135 proteins modified by PA, accounting for 14.2% of the extracted proteome.
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Piers A. Townsend, Elliot H. E. Farrar, Matthew N. Grayson
Summary: Using density functional theory and intermediate structures in predicting reactivity in sulfa-Michael additions is more accurate and faster than transition state calculations. Linear combinations of atomic charges can further improve predictions, even with inexpensive semiempirical quantum chemistry methods.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Kirsten E. Overdahl, Robert M. Tighe, Heather M. Stapleton, P. Lee Ferguson
Summary: Azobenzene disperse dyes are potentially allergenic and can react with nucleophilic peptides, suggesting their role as electrophilic allergenic sensitizers. The reactivity of these dyes is related to their electrophilic properties and clothing containing these dyes may pose risks for skin sensitization.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Piers A. Townsend, Elliot H. E. Farrar, Matthew N. Grayson
Summary: This study compares the use of transition states (TSs) and enolate intermediate structures in predicting reactivity of sulfa-Michael additions. The results show that intermediate structures perform better than TSs in predicting reactivity and can be obtained more easily and quickly. The use of linear combinations of atomic charges further improves predictions.
Article
Toxicology
Kathryn Page, Walter Westerink, Kristie Sullivan, Thomas McDonald, Clive Roper
Summary: This study developed a new method to assess the skin irritation of antimicrobial cleaning products. The method utilized a more human-like model and demonstrated its effectiveness through comparison with in vivo rabbit skin irritation data.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Arupam Patra, Thirukumaran Kandasamy, Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh, Gurvinder Kaur Saini
Summary: This study successfully produced recombinant anisoplin and demonstrated its significant anti-cancer effect and ability to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The activation of related signaling pathways may be the key to cell death.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Thomas Haller, Alexander Jesacher, Alberto Hidalgo, Christina Schmidt
Summary: This study used live cell imaging to observe the accumulation of amiodarone in primary rat alveolar type II cells, and found that it specifically accumulates in lamellar bodies. The uptake is rapid, while storage is persistent. The main mechanisms for intracellular bioaccumulation of amiodarone are proposed to be passive diffusion, ion-trapping, and lipophilic interactions.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Filiz Bakar-Ates, Erva Ozkan
Summary: This study investigated the ferroptotic effect of CuB in breast cancer cells and evaluated its combination with erastin, a ferroptosis inducer. The results showed that the combination treatment significantly activated the ferroptotic pathways and altered the expression of iron-related proteins in breast cancer cells.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Rachel Z. Bennie, Ian C. Shaw
Summary: Estrogen mimics are synthetic and naturally occurring compounds that can interact with estrogen receptors in animals. In vitro transactivation reporter gene assay and in silico molecular modelling can be used to predict the mimicry of these compounds, reducing reliance on animal studies.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Sevda Isik, Semra Cicek
Summary: This study found that high doses of riboflavin can cause cytotoxicity in rainbow trout gonad cells and affect the transcriptional expressions of antioxidant enzymes and growth and reproductive genes, potentially leading to DNA damage and cell death.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Ying Wang, Jie Wu, Mengqi Wan, Dou Yang, Fasheng Liu, Kehao Li, Manxin Hu, Yuanyuan Tang, Huiqiang Lu, Shouhua Zhang, Yuanzhen Xiong
Summary: m-Cresol is commonly used as an intermediate for pesticides and other industrial applications. This study investigated the hepatotoxicity of m-cresol using zebrafish larvae and explored its molecular mechanisms. The results suggest that m-cresol may induce liver damage in zebrafish larvae through oxidative stress and cell apoptosis pathways.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)
Article
Toxicology
Vincent J. Manna, Shannon Dwyer, Vanessa Pizutelli, Salvatore J. Caradonna
Summary: The widespread use of electronic cigarettes and the emergence of a new illness have raised concerns about the effects of e-cigarette vapor on respiratory tissues. Researchers have developed a simple device to mimic the response of human airway tissue after long-term exposure to e-cigarette vapor, and have identified differences in the effects of different vapor compositions on airway tissue.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2024)