Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ioannis Emmanouilidis, Natalia Fili, Alexander W. Cook, Yukti Hari-Gupta, Alia dos Santos, Lin Wang, Marisa L. Martin-Fernandez, Peter J. I. Ellis, Christopher P. Toseland
Summary: Mammalian cells are constantly exposed to various DNA damaging events, leading to the activation of DNA repair pathways. Cas9-based genomic intervention allows for induced DSBs at defined quantities and locations across the human genome, utilizing custom-designed promiscuous guide RNAs based on in silico predictions. This provides a generic, low-cost, and rapid methodology for inducing controlled DNA damage in cell culture models.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vincent E. Provasek, Joy Mitra, Vikas H. Malojirao, Muralidhar L. Hegde
Summary: The continuous process of DNA damage and repair is crucial for maintaining genomic integrity. Among different types of DNA damage, double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most dangerous and require timely repair. DSB repair is particularly important for nondividing, post-mitotic cells in the central nervous system (CNS), as failure in these mechanisms can lead to disruptions in neural networks and motor functions. In addition to repair pathways, DNA damage response (DDR) signaling and hnRNP proteins have been found to play important roles in neuronal DSB repair and are linked to age-associated neurological disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Jaspreet K. Rishi, Kelsey Timme, Hunter E. White, Karl C. Kerns, Aileen F. Keating
Summary: This study found that DMBA exposure can alter histones and histone variants in the ovaries, and the responsivity is more pronounced in obesity, potentially impacting ovarian transcriptional regulation.
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Evrydiki Kravvariti, Panagiotis A. Ntouros, Nikolaos Vlachogiannis, Maria Pappa, Vassilis L. Souliotis, Petros P. Sfikakis
Summary: Defects in the DNA damage response and repair network accumulate during aging, leading to physical frailty. This study found that older individuals had increased levels of oxidative stress and DNA damage, as well as reduced DNA repair capacity, compared to younger controls. These abnormalities were more pronounced in frail older adults and were associated with individual frailty levels, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for frailty.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Jong-Hyuk Lee, Raghavendra A. Shamanna, Tomasz Kulikowicz, Nima Borhan Fakouri, Edward W. Kim, Louise S. Christiansen, Deborah L. Croteau, Vilhelm A. Bohr
Summary: Werner syndrome (WS) is an accelerated aging disorder characterized by genomic instability caused by WRN protein deficiency. The phosphorylation of WRN by CDK2 on serine residue 426 is critical for WRN to choose between non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) pathways. The phosphorylation stabilizes WRN's affinity for RPA and enhances its role in long-range resection, a crucial step for HR.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Oluwatosin Adebisi Dosumu, Solomon Oladapo Rotimi, Oluwagbemiga Olanrewaju Adeleye, Adio Jamiu Akamo, Kehinde Temitope Osinuga, Odunayo Anthonia Taiwo, Oluwatosin Oyebola Omotosho, Latifah Oyefoluke Sani
Summary: Dietary intake of vitamin K can protect against DMBA-induced hepatotoxicity, showing potential antioxidative properties for liver protection against PAH exposure.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Ksenia G. Kolobynina, Alexander Rapp, M. Cristina Cardoso
Summary: Chromatin serves as the background for all DNA-based molecular processes in the cell nucleus. The initial chromatin structure at the site of DNA damage determines lesion generation and activation of the DNA damage response pathway. Ubiquitination, as an important chromatin post-translational modification, is involved in chromatin changes at the damaged site and throughout the genome.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Huiming Lu, Anthony J. Davis
Summary: RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in various organisms, playing important roles in cellular functions and potentially contributing to autosomal disorders.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ali Abu Shqair, Ui-Seob Lee, Eun-Hee Kim
Summary: In cellular experiments, a practical modelling has been developed to simulate the occurrences of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and the formations of gamma-H2AX foci in response to individual DSB formations, in cell nucleus due to exposure to alpha particles. This computational modelling can better implement the conventional gamma-H2AX assay.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Xiu Ying Yang, Ying Li, Song Qi Cai, Li Wang, Jin Wei Qiang
Summary: This study optimized the rat ovarian tumor model induced by DMBA by investigating different delivery methods, induction dosages, and exposure times. The ovarian subcapsular injection of 1.5 mg DMBA was found to be the most effective scheme with the highest tumor formation rate, reaching 100% on day 120.
Article
Oncology
Jiali Qin, Jie Fan, Gang Li, Shanting Liu, Zhensheng Liu, Yao Wu
Summary: The study found that radiation exposure may lead to mutations in DNA double-strand break repair genes, resulting in decreased DSB repair capacity and increased risk of PTMC.
CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Melanie Rall-Scharpf, Thomas W. P. Friedl, Shahar Biechonski, Michael Denkinger, Michael Milyavsky, Lisa Wiesmueller
Summary: The gender gap in DNA repair and its changes with aging have distinct effects on men and women.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Alice Libri, Timea Marton, Ludovic Deriano
Summary: DNA double-strand breaks are highly toxic and can be repaired via multiple DNA repair pathways. During V(D)J recombination, certain parameters restrict the repair of DSBs to the non-homologous end-joining pathway.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Maria Belland Olsen, Camilla Huse, Mirta Mittelstedt Leal de Sousa, Sarah Louise Murphy, Antonio Sarno, Tobias Sebastian Obermann, Kuan Yang, Jan Cato Holter, Marte Jontvedt Jorgensen, Erik Egeland Christensen, Wei Wang, Ping Ji, Lars Heggelund, Hedda Hoel, Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise, Ida Gregersen, Pal Aukrust, Magnar Bjoras, Bente Halvorsen, Tuva Borresdatter Dahl
Summary: This study aimed to investigate DNA damage and repair in Covid-19 patients. The results showed that patients had comparable levels of DNA damage to healthy controls, but levels of DNA repair proteins were significantly increased, indicating enhanced DNA repair during acute infection. Gene expression analysis also revealed the involvement of DNA repair genes in respiratory failure. Furthermore, the regulation of DNA repair pathway was more significant during Covid-19 compared to other viral or bacterial infections.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biology
Nadia Vertti-Quintero, Ethan Levien, Lucie Poggi, Ariel Amir, Guy-Franck Richard, Charles N. N. Baroud
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of microfluidic device to study DSBR at a single-cell level in yeast. The dynamics of DSBR were analyzed and a differential equation model was developed to obtain repair process rates. The study identified three types of DSB repair events that were previously unrecognized.