Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yu Qi, Yucai Chen, Xu Yan, Wei Liu, Li Ma, Yongchun Liu, Qingxin Ma, Sijin Liu
Summary: This study reveals a new perspective on the transmission and infection of pathogens loaded on PMs, and uncovers the systematic impairments of the inhalation tract under co-exposure through a laboratory exposure model.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Toxicology
Ulrike Kogel, Ee Tsin Wong, Justyna Szostak, Wei Teck Tan, Francesco Lucci, Patrice Leroy, Bjoern Titz, Yang Xiang, Tiffany Low, Sin Kei Wong, Emmanuel Guedj, Nikolai V. Ivanov, Walter K. Schlage, Manuel C. Peitsch, Arkadiusz Kuczaj, Patrick Vanscheeuwijck, Julia Hoeng
Summary: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease. Mice exposed to cigarette smoke in both whole-body and nose-only exposure systems showed respiratory and cardiovascular effects, with more severe outcomes observed in the nose-only exposure group.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Peter Byrley, William K. Boyes, Kim Rogers, Annie M. Jarabek
Summary: Desktop FDM 3D printers are gaining popularity in schools, libraries, and among home hobbyists, but they have been found to release large amounts of ultrafine particles, posing potential inhalation exposure and health risks. Research shows that inhaled particles from these printers can lead to increased internal doses, especially in children and other room occupants of different age groups.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Seng Han Lim, Sol Park, Chun Chuan Lee, Paul Chi Lui Ho, Philip Chi Lip Kwok, Lifeng Kang
Summary: An in vitro human upper respiratory tract model was fabricated and tested for drug deposition patterns, showing promising correlation with in vivo studies. This model could potentially open up opportunities for personalized medicine in specific populations or disease states.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kaikai Zhang, Xiaohong Ren, Jiacai Chen, Caifen Wang, Siyu He, Xiaojin Chen, Ting Xiong, Jiawen Su, Shujun Wang, Weifeng Zhu, Jiwen Zhang, Li Wu
Summary: This study explores a novel treatment method for upper respiratory tract infections through the synthesis of cyclodextrin particles with nanocube and microbar shapes. Experimental results demonstrate that the iodine-loaded particles have good delivery and bactericidal effects in both the upper respiratory tract and deep lungs, without cytotoxicity and with anti-inflammatory properties. Rat experiments show that the iodine-loaded microbars have no irritation on pharyngeal tissues at therapeutic doses. The solvent-free method used for carrier preparation improves stability, reduces irritability, and does not hinder antimicrobial effects.
Article
Environmental Sciences
T. Faria, I Cunha-Lopes, M. Pilou, C. Housiadas, X. Querol, C. Alves, S. M. Almeida
Summary: The health effects of particulate matter depend not only on its characteristics, but also on the individual's time activity pattern and age. This study assessed the exposure of children to aerosol particles, studied the particle size and composition of inhaled particulate matter, and estimated its transport and deposition in the respiratory tract. Results showed that mineral and anthropogenic elements contributed to daily exposure to PM2.5. Particle size also influenced the variability of deposited dose, and physical activity level had a significant contribution to the total daily dose.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Virology
Kenichiro Takahashi, Tsuguto Fujimoto, Nozomu Hanaoka, Mariko Tamura, Yoko Suzuki, Shigetaka Sugihara
Summary: This study aims to investigate the usefulness of clinical manifestations in deciding the use of adenovirus IC kits for children with upper respiratory infections (URI). The study found that when patients lack the clinical manifestations of fever, rhinorrhea, and tonsillar exudate, the results of adenovirus IC kits are often negative.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Olimpia Kursa, Grzegorz Tomczyk, Anna Sawicka-Durkalec, Aleksandra Giza, Magdalena Slomiany-Szwarc
Summary: This study characterized the bacterial communities of upper respiratory tracks in commercial turkeys using NGS sequencing, revealing differences in bacterial diversity at the family and genus level, and the presence of several respiratory pathogens. The results provide information about bacterial composition and diversity of the turkey upper respiratory tract, which can be useful in controlling, diagnosing and treating commercial turkey flocks.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Shantelle Claassen-Weitz, Katherine Y. L. Lim, Christopher Mullally, Heather J. Zar, Mark P. Nicol
Summary: The study found an association between upper respiratory tract bacteria and lower respiratory tract infection in young children, with H. influenzae and Klebsiella spp. showing higher detection rates in cases. Further longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the pathogenesis of childhood lower respiratory tract infections.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiangning Bai, Aswathy Narayanan, Magdalena Skagerberg, Rafael Cena-Diez, Christian G. Giske, Kristoffer Stralin, Anders Sonnerborg
Summary: This study reveals correlations between the upper respiratory tract microbiome and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients, particularly a strong association between Moraxella lincolnii and vitamin K2 biosynthesis pathways with better clinical results.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eleftheria Chalvatzaki, Sofia Eirini Chatoutsidou, Ilias Kopanakis, Dimitris Melas, Daphne Parliari, Nikos Mihalopoulos, Mihalis Lazaridis
Summary: The study investigated the deposited dose in the human respiratory tract and its influencing factors in urban/suburban locations within Greek cities. It found that urban areas had higher daily deposited doses compared to suburban areas, and cold periods showed higher deposition rates than warm periods. Increased deposition during cold periods in the evening/night hours was attributed to significant heating emissions, and urban-associated sources contributed similarly to deposited dose regardless of season. The highest deposited dose was observed during Sahara dust events.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Aleksandra Ratajczak, Artur Badyda, Piotr Oskar Czechowski, Adam Czarnecki, Michal Dubrawski, Wojciech Feleszko
Summary: This study found a positive association between children's upper respiratory tract symptoms (URTS) and concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10, with symptoms increasing significantly in areas with higher PM concentrations. It is recommended to improve air quality to protect children's health.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Thea Johnson, Kerri Jones, B. Tegner Jacobson, Julia Schearer, Noah Adams, Isaak Thornton, Cassie Mosdal, Steven Jones, Mark Jutila, Agnieszka Rynda-Apple, Thomas Besser, Diane Bimczok
Summary: The study found that Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae can cause asymptomatic colonization of the upper respiratory tract in domestic sheep in the absence of secondary bacterial infections, and it shows resistance to the host immune response and a certain antibiotic treatment.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Alexie Mayor, Beatrice Thibert, Sylvain Huille, Renaud Respaud, Heloise Audat, Nathalie Heuze-Vourc'h
Summary: Respiratory infections are life-threatening, and therapeutic antibodies could benefit patients with pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria or emergent viruses. Inhalation of anti-infectious antibodies may be more effective than intravenous injection, but challenges remain in preventing protein instability during aerosolization. Repurposing antibody formulations developed for intravenous delivery for inhalation may not be straightforward, highlighting the need for specific formulation development for inhaled antibodies.
DRUG DELIVERY AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Tara Davis, Dagmara Bialy, Joy Leng, Roberto La Ragione, Holly Shelton, Klaudia Chrzastek
Summary: The diversity of gut and respiratory microbiota in chickens is related to H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) infection. In the acute phase of infection, the diversity of respiratory microbiota decreases, and it does not fully recover to normal levels in the recovery phase after infection. Lactobacillus is associated with the microbiota of infected chickens at different stages of infection. Additionally, the respiratory microbiota in chickens undergoes age-related changes during maturation.