Article
Chemistry, Physical
Brandon Lowe, Jabbar Gardy, Ali Hassanpour
Summary: There is an urgent need to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions, but the decarbonization of the transportation industry has been slow. Nanomaterials offer a potential solution for chemical catalysis in biodiesel production. Acidic sulfated nanocatalysts have shown promise, but further research is needed.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Flavio A. de Freitas, Igor R. S. Mendonca, Silma de S. Barros, Wanison G. A. Pessoa Jr, Ingrity S. C. Sa, Larissa B. Gato, Edson P. Silva, Marco A. S. Farias, Francisco X. Nobre, Paulo J. S. Maia, Stefan Iglauer, Kaori K. Y. Isla
Summary: This study aimed to utilize the electrolytic paste of spent AA batteries as a catalyst for biodiesel production. The heat-treated electrolytic paste showed higher catalytic activity and achieved good conversion rates in esterification reactions. The results suggest that the utilization of waste batteries can be a potentially efficient and eco-friendly method for biodiesel production.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Olayomi Abiodun Falowo, Eriola Betiku
Summary: This study developed a new green heterogeneous alkali catalyst from cocoa, kola nut, and fluted pumpkin wastes for transesterification of yellow oleander-rubber seed oil blend. By optimizing catalyst concentration, temperature, and time, high yields of biodiesel were achieved, demonstrating the potential for sustainable and economic biodiesel production using agricultural waste materials.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Himmat Singh, Amjad Ali
Summary: A heterogeneous catalyst of K+ impregnated tungstophosphoric acid supported on graphene oxide was used for one pot esterification and transesterification of waste oil (WO). The catalyst structure was characterized by XRD, and its composition was confirmed by XPS analysis. TPD technique showed the presence of acidic and basic sites on the catalyst surface. Under optimized conditions, >98.5% biodiesel was produced within 1.5 h using a catalyst loading of 10 wt% (concerning oil), methanol: oil molar ratio of 9:1, and a reaction temperature of 65 degrees C. The catalyst could be recycled six times with metal levels in the reaction mixture below 2 ppm, and it showed activity even in the presence of free fatty acid and moisture contents.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Dongming Li, Wenping Feng, Chao Chen, Shangxing Chen, Guorong Fan, Shengliang Liao, Guoqiang Wu, Zongde Wang
Summary: An effective method for synthesizing green and sustainable biodiesel from low-value vegetable oils was explored, using synthesized zinc-supported zirconia catalysts. The catalysts were able to promote the transesterification process of Litsea cubeba kernel oil, leading to the production of biodiesel that meets international standards.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Mohammed Salaheldeen, Abdalbasit Adam Mariod, Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua, S. M. Ashrafur Rahman, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, I. M. Rizwanul Fattah
Summary: Triglycerides, derived from natural sources such as virgin vegetable oils and animal fats, are the main components used for biodiesel production. Biodiesel, considered an attractive alternative fuel to diesel with environmental advantages, is typically produced through transesterification. Commercialization of biodiesel is limited by high production costs, with the transesterification route being a crucial factor. Various modifications to the conventional method and innovative technologies have been proposed to improve biodiesel production efficiency and lower costs.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wenying Shi, Tengfei Li, Hongbin Li, Qiyun Du, Haixia Zhang, Xiaohong Qin
Summary: An integrated process combining esterification, transesterification, and separation steps was used to produce biodiesel from acidic oil. The results showed high conversion rates and compliance with international standards for the biodiesel product.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Francisco Thalysson Tavares Cavalcante, Francisco Simao Neto, Italo Rafael de Aguiar Falca, Jose Erick da Silva Souza, Lourembergue Saraiva de Moura Junior, Patrick da Silva Sousa, Thales Guimaraes Rocha, Isamayra Germano de Sousa, Pedro Henrique de Lima Gomes, Maria Cristiane Martins de Souza, Jose C. S. dos Santos
Summary: This article discusses the key issues in enzyme-catalyzed biodiesel production, including addressing challenges in the production process and improving efficiency. This includes using lipases as substitutes for chemical catalysts and solving these problems by using low-cost raw materials, new supports, and optimized design.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ming-Chien Hsiao, Peir-Horng Liao, Kuo-Chou Yang, Nguyen Vu Lan, Shuhn-Shyurng Hou
Summary: This study successfully improved the yield and shortened the reaction time for biodiesel production from waste edible oil (WEO) by using a homogenizer in conjunction with a two-stage process.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zvonko B. Njezic, Milan D. Kostic, Bosko D. Maric, Olivera S. Stamenkovic, Olivera D. Simurina, Jugoslav Krstic, Vlada B. Veljkovic
Summary: A low-cost, highly active CaO-based catalyst was prepared from waste filter cake and used to catalyze the transesterification of rapeseed oil. The catalyst showed good performance under mild reaction conditions and allowed for the direct use of rapeseed oil with low free fatty acid content.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Bheechanat Duangdee, Dussadee Rattanaphra, Sasikarn Nuchdang, Anusith Thanapimmetha, Maythee Saisriyoot, Penjit Srinophakun
Summary: Solid mixed rare earth catalysts (MREEs) were synthesized by co-precipitation at different pH values. The catalysts co-precipitated at pH 12 showed high contents of active elements for facilitating esterification and transesterification reactions. The catalyst synthesized at pH 12 and calcined at 300 degrees C exhibited high catalytic activity and conversion rates in both esterification and transesterification reactions.
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
(2023)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Shamala Gowri Krishnan, Fei-ling Pua, Fan Zhang
Summary: Biodiesel, produced through transesterification or esterification reactions, has the potential to replace fossil fuels. However, challenges with commercial homogeneous catalysts include difficulties in separation, wastewater discharge, and formation of undesirable by-products. The use of heterogeneous magnetic catalysts has gained attention due to their simpler separation and higher recovery rates. Further research is needed to utilize waste materials as support for the synthesis of these catalysts to create a more sustainable biodiesel industry.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2021)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Maria Ameen, Mushtaq Ahmad, Muhammad Zafar, Mamoona Munir, Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas, Shazia Sultana, Rozina, Samah Elsayed El-Khatib, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, M. A. Kalam
Summary: Environmental pollution caused by conventional petro-diesel can be mitigated by using biodiesel, which is eco-friendly, renewable, and economically viable. This paper reviews the selection of feedstock and catalysts for biodiesel synthesis, as well as the optimization of reaction parameters and catalyst preparation. The importance of developing incentive structures and using specific potential catalysts for the sustainable production of eco-green biodiesel is also emphasized.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marwa M. Naeem, Eslam G. Al-Sakkari, Daria C. Boffito, Mamdouh A. Gadalla, Fatma H. Ashour
Summary: A KOH/corncobs-derived activated carbon (AC) heterogeneous catalyst was developed for single stage biodiesel production from highly acidic waste vegetable oil, showing activity in both esterification and transesterification reactions. Optimal conditions of sulfuric acid to raw corn cobs ratio, activation temperature, reaction time, catalyst loading, and temperature were identified to achieve a high yield of 97.8% meeting ASTM standards. The catalyst exhibited stability for up to five successive uses in esterification but easily leached KOH and became inactive in transesterification.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dussadee Rattanaphra, Asama Temrak, Sasikarn Nuchdang, Wilasinee Kingkam, Vichai Puripunyavanich, Anusith Thanapimmetha, Maythee Saisriyoot, Penjit Srinophakun
Summary: The catalytic behavior of La2O3 promoted SO42-/ZrO2 in the simultaneous esterification and transesterification of palm oil with myristic acid was studied. The 20 wt%La2O3-SZ catalyst possessed dual strong basic and acid sites, promoting efficient reactions. The catalyst maintained relatively stable behavior and activity after multiple reaction cycles.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Joseph Ikwebe, Adam P. Harvey
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Faisal Saleem, Jack Harris, Kui Zhang, Adam Harvey
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhijian Zhao, Shaowei Qin, Dan Wang, Yuan Pu, Jie-Xin Wang, Joshua Saczek, Adam Harvey, Chen Ling, Steven Wang, Jian-Feng Chen
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Faisal Saleem, Jamal Umer, Abdul Rehman, Kui Zhang, Adam Harvey
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ahmed Said Al Hatrooshi, Valentine C. Eze, Adam P. Harvey
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Luma Sh Al-Saadi, Valentine C. Eze, Adam P. Harvey
FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Luma Shihab Al-Saadi, Valentine C. Eze, Adam P. Harvey
Summary: In this study, techno-economic analyses were conducted for the one-step homogeneous base catalysis of vegetable oils with different levels of FFAs and water. A parameter design model was used to screen the optimal conditions, and it was found that under appropriate conditions, this process could be more economically viable than the conventional process.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Oscar D. Gonzalez-Galvez, Isaac Nava Bravo, Rogelio Cuevas-Garcia, Sharon B. Velasquez-Orta, Adam P. Harvey, Luis Cedeno Caero, Maria Teresa Orta Ledesma
Summary: In this study, a wild microalgae consortium grown in treated wastewater was used to produce bio-oil through catalytic solvent liquefaction process. The optimal reaction conditions were found to be at 120 minutes and 760 psi, resulting in a bio-oil yield of 51% with oxygenated and nitrogenated compounds as the main types of compounds.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Luma Sh. Al-Saadi, Valentine C. Eze, Adam P. Harvey
Summary: By comparing different processes for biodiesel production, it was found that converting glycerol into higher added value species in situ can significantly increase the profitability of biodiesel production.
Article
Thermodynamics
I Nava-Bravo, S. B. Velasquez-Orta, I Monje-Ramirez, L. P. Guereca, A. P. Harvey, R. Cuevas-Garcia, I Yanez-Noguez, M. T. Orta-Ledesma
Summary: The study found that the use of ozone-air flotation and catalytic HTL for microalgae harvesting and conversion can achieve higher yields and quality of bio-crude compared to traditional sedimentation method.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohamad Faiz Mukhtar Gunam Resul, Abdul Rehman, Ana Maria Lopez Fernandez, Valentine C. Eze, Adam P. Harvey
Summary: A study was conducted on continuous epoxidation of terpenes using mesoscale oscillatory baffled reactors (meso-OBRs). The new design of tri- and multi-orifice baffles showed improved mixing efficiency, rapid steady-state attainment, shorter induction period, better reproducibility, and effective heat transfer capability, allowing isothermal operation in a solvent-free environment. This new process reduced reaction time from 8 hours to 30 minutes and showed a potential intensification factor of -80.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Valentine C. Eze, Abdul Rehman, Manthan Patel, Sajjad Ahmad, Adam P. Harvey
Summary: This study reports the synthesis and characterization of alpha-pinane carbonate from an alpha-pinene derivative. The potential application of alpha-pinane carbonate as a monomer for sustainable bio-based polymer is highlighted. The significance lies in the conversion of pinanediol into alpha-pinane carbonate and the potential utilization of a major waste product from pulp and paper industries.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Usman H. Dahiru, Faisal Saleem, Kui Zhang, Adam Harvey
Summary: In this study, a non-thermal plasma dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was utilized to remove methanol from ambient air. The results showed that the conversion of methanol increased with power and residence time, while the removal efficiency decreased with increasing concentration of methanol. Dry air exhibited the highest removal efficiency, and the introduction of water vapor improved CO2 selectivity and reduced the formation of unwanted by-products.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Faisal Saleem, Abdul Rehman, Farhan Ahmad, Asif Hussain Khoja, Farhan Javed, Kui Zhang, Adam Harvey
Summary: This study focused on the removal of toxic compound (toluene) from methane gas using a dielectric barrier discharge reactor, with maximum removal efficiency of 85.9% achieved at 40W and 2.86s. The major gaseous products were H-2 and lower hydrocarbons, with their yield increasing with input power, indicating decomposition of toxic compounds and methane for production.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Abdullah Al-Abduly, Paul Christensen, Adam Harvey
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2020)
