Review
Immunology
Chieko Mineo, Philip W. Shaul, Bonnie L. Bermas
Summary: Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antibodies against phospholipids, which leads to thrombosis and pregnancy-related complications. Recent research has focused on discovering novel mechanisms underlying obstetric APS.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Svetlana Vrzic Petronijevic, Aleksandra Vilotic, Zanka Bojic-Trbojevic, Sanja Kostic, Milos Petronijevic, Ljiljana Vicovac, Milica Jovanovic Krivokuca
Summary: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Women with APS are at high risk of recurrent early pregnancy loss and late obstetrical complications. In addition to vascular thrombosis, research has found that aPL has a direct negative effect on placental cells, which is a major mechanism of obstetric APS.
Article
Hematology
Viktoria Bitsadze, Sylvie Bouvier, Jamilya Khizroeva, Eva Cochery-Nouvellon, Eric Mercier, Antonia Perez-Martin, Alexander Makatsariya, Jean-Christophe Gris
Summary: This study found that ADAMTS13 activity, antibodies, and antigen levels in newly pregnant women with obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (oAPS) are associated with the occurrence of pre-eclampsia (PEcl). These markers serve as significant risk factors for PEcl and its subgroups, exhibiting acceptable discrimination power in predicting clinical events. ADAMTS13 may help identify pregnant women with oAPS who do not require escalated treatment strategies to prevent PEcl.
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lauren J. Johnson, Siavash Azari, Amy Webb, Xiaoli Zhang, Mikhail A. Gavrilin, Joanna M. Marshall, Kara Rood, Stephanie Seveau
Summary: The syncytiotrophoblast (SYN) provides a protective barrier against L. monocytogenes infection, with a significant reduction in bacterial uptake compared to mononuclear trophoblasts. In response to infection, trophoblasts upregulate pro-inflammatory pathways and produce mediators known to recruit maternal leukocytes. The sustained production of tolerogenic factors by trophoblasts may contribute to poor pregnancy outcomes if the pathogen persists.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Rebekka Vogtmann, Jacqueline Heupel, Florian Herse, Mahsa Matin, Henning Hagmann, Ivo Bendix, Kristin Kraeker, Ralf Dechend, Elke Winterhager, Rainer Kimmig, Angela Koeninger, Alexandra Gellhaus
Summary: By overexpressing hsFLT1 in mice, the study found that circulating maternal hsFLT1 is sufficient to induce typical maternal preeclampsia-like symptoms, impairing spiral artery remodeling independently from the fetoplacental compartment.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mariyan J. Jeyarajah, Gargi Jaju Bhattad, Rachel D. Kelly, Kelly J. Baines, Adam Jaremek, Fei-Hung P. Yang, Hiroaki Okae, Takahiro Arima, Vanessa Dumeaux, Stephen J. Renaud
Summary: GCM1 is a critical regulator of both EVT and ST development, affecting cell differentiation and invasive capacity, potentially leading to obstetrical complications such as preeclampsia.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mariyan J. Jeyarajah, Gargi Jaju Bhattad, Rachel D. Kelly, Kelly J. Baines, Adam Jaremek, Fei-Hung P. Yang, Hiroaki Okae, Takahiro Arima, Vanessa Dumeaux, Stephen J. Renaud
Summary: GCM1 is a critical regulator of human placenta development, playing a key role in the differentiation and function of EVT and ST. Knockdown of GCM1 hinders TS cell differentiation and impacts their functions in both ST and EVT pathways.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Deepa J. Arachchillage, Mike Laffan, Charis Pericleous
Summary: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a highly prothrombotic disorder caused by thrombo-inflammatory antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) that lead to thrombosis through various mechanisms. Obstetric complications in APS are a result of placental thrombosis, inflammation, and complement activation. While anticoagulation is the main treatment, it may not effectively prevent thrombosis recurrence in some patients, especially those with triple positive aPL.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Zemin Lin, Yuting Liu, Li Chen, Shiqi Cao, Yueteng Huang, Xiaoqian Yang, Fenghua Zhu, Wei Tang, Shijun He, Jianping Zuo
Summary: This study revealed the etiology and therapeutic mechanism of antiphospholipid syndrome nephropathy and for the first time demonstrated the therapeutic potential of SM934 in treating this condition.
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ariela Hoxha, Daniela Tormene, Elena Campello, Paolo Simioni
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review on the additional treatments used in refractory and high-risk antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) pregnancies. The results showed that combination therapy with IVIG and PEX achieved a 100% live birth rate in refractory APS pregnancies, while Pravastatin, IA, and PEX showed higher live birth rates in high-risk APS pregnancies.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Brooke Armistead, Leena Kadam, Emily Siegwald, Fergus P. McCarthy, John C. Kingdom, Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr, Sascha Drewlo
Summary: Preeclampsia is a severe hypertensive disorder of pregnancy caused by placental villi pathology leading to widespread maternal endothelial dysfunction. Modulating trophoblast differentiation pathway through PPAR gamma-GCM1 axis may reduce excessive sFLT1 production and improve clinical outcomes. Pharmacological manipulation of PPAR gamma activity shows potential to rescue the antiangiogenic state of preeclampsia.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Scott M. Gordon
Summary: Interleukin-15 plays a critical role in pregnancy by supporting the development, maintenance, and function of killer lymphocytes. Proper regulation of IL-15 is essential for healthy pregnancy, as dysregulation can lead to adverse outcomes. Further study is needed to understand the mechanisms of action of IL-15 in the context of pregnancy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Xue Peng, Xi Tan, Aiyun Xing
Summary: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by recurrent thrombosis and pregnancy complications. Obstetrical APS (OAPS) specifically refers to APS in pregnant women. The classification criteria for OAPS have generated discussion due to the possibility of excluding certain patients. This article presents two cases of non-criteria OAPS with severe complications and discusses the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this unusual antenatal event. It also provides an overview of the pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical features of OAPS.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Arne Vandevelde, Jean-Christophe Gris, Gary W. Moore, Jacek Musial, Stephane Zuily, Denis Wahl, Katrien M. J. Devreese
Summary: Currently, the added value of antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies testing in the diagnosis of obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome seems limited compared with other antibodies. However, it may be useful in specific subsets of patients.
JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2023)
Review
Reproductive Biology
Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi, Cheryl S. Rosenfeld, Geetu Tuteja
Summary: This review provides insight into the mechanisms by which bisphenol A, an endocrine-disrupting chemical that is used in plastic found in common household items, affects placental development, potentially leading to pregnancy complications.
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Hematology
E. O. Artemenko, S. I. Obydennyi, K. S. Troyanova, G. A. Novichkova, D. Y. Nechipurenko, M. A. Panteleev
Summary: In this study, we investigated the adhesive properties of circulating plasma-derived and platelet-derived microvesicles (MVs) and their potential role in thrombus growth. The results showed that both types of MVs weakly bound fibrinogen but did not stably adhere to immobilized fibrinogen. Moreover, the presence of these MVs did not significantly affect thrombus formation. Therefore, MVs present in the plasma of healthy individuals are unlikely to directly contribute to thrombus formation under arterial flow conditions.
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2024)
Letter
Hematology
Giuseppe Lippi, Camilla Mattiuzzi, Emmanuel J. Favaloro
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Hematology
Marium Malik, Maha Al-Ghafry, Abraham Haimed, Julia Su, Maribel Lema, Linda Shore-Lessersson, Suchitra S. Acharya
Summary: This study analyzed and evaluated leukemia-associated coagulopathy in newly diagnosed pediatric leukemia patients using CCTs and ROTEM. The results showed that fibrinogen and platelets played a significant role in causing coagulopathies in this population. This suggests the utility of using CCTs and ROTEM in the pediatric population to evaluate hemostatic function and guide blood product replacement.
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Hematology
Mohammad M. Elahi, Alexandra N. Witt, Edward L. G. Pryzdial, Paul B. McBeth
Summary: Thrombotic disease may be underdiagnosed in microgravity conditions, and the underlying factors are still poorly understood. A case of internal jugular vein thrombosis was recently diagnosed in a low-risk female astronaut, and six out of ten additional crew members showed risk factors for jugular venous flow. Observations in space and studies on Earth suggest that microgravity affects blood flow, coagulation, and vascular function.
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Hematology
Stian Ingemann-Molden, Christina Krogner Caspersen, Nanna Rolving, Anette Arbjerg Hojen, Frederikus A. Klok, Erik L. Grove, Barbara Cristina Brocki, Jane Andreasen
Summary: This study found that no single PROM covered all aspects considered important by PE patients. PROMs recommended in the ICHOM core set covered most aspects, but worrisome thoughts, hypervigilance around symptoms, and uncertainty of illness were not covered.
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Hematology
Haomin Yan, Tsutomu Sasaki, Yasufumi Gon, Kumiko Nishiyama, Hideaki Kanki, Hideki Mochizuki
Summary: The incidence of cancer-associated stroke has increased with the prolonged survival times of cancer patients. In this study, the researchers focused on the driver gene KRAS and found that KRAS mutations exacerbated neurological deficits after stroke and promoted tumor growth. They also identified the upregulation of pro-inflammatory responses and the promotion of STAT3 phosphorylation in mice with KRAS mutations. Additionally, the researchers found that colorectal cancer patients with stroke onset within 3 months after cancer diagnosis had a worse prognosis.
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2024)
Letter
Hematology
Tomoki Togashi, Satomi Nagaya, Makiko Meguro-Horike, Haruto Matsumoto, Yuta Imai, Koichi Yamaguchi, Yoshinari Fujii, Haruka Moriya, Yuika Kikuchi, Ibuki Yasuda, Shin-ichi Horike, Eriko Morishita
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Hematology
Marta Najarro, Winnifer Briceno, Carmen Rodriguez, Alfonso Muriel, Sara Gonzalez, Ana Castillo, Ignacio Jara, Parth Rali, Catalin Toma, Behnood Bikdeli, David Jimenez
Summary: The CPES score is a useful tool in identifying the risk of hemodynamic deterioration in normotensive patients with acute PE, with acceptable C-statistic, excellent specificity, and low positive predictive value.
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Hematology
Lei Liu, Huifang Xu, Jian Wang, Haiyan Wang, Saisai Ren, Qian Huang, Mingyan Zhang, Hui Zhou, Chunyan Yang, Lu Jia, Yu Huang, Hao Zhang, Yanling Tao, Ying Li, Yanan Min
Summary: This study investigated the gut microbiota metabolites and cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in patients with ITP and found their association with treatment responsiveness. The findings suggest that imbalanced secretion of cyto(chemo)kins/growth factors and inadequate levels of TMAO are characteristic of patients with ITP.
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Hematology
Roxanne Mcknight, Mohammad Salameh, Lee Ann Jones, Greta Anton, Lindsay Carter
Summary: This study evaluated the safety of fixed-dose heparin titration boluses in underweight patients with VTE. The results showed that although underweight patients required more frequent holding of heparin, there was no significant increase in bleeding risk.
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2024)