Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jose Ronaldo Ribeiro da Costa, Roberto Fernandes da Costa, Ciro Alexandre Merces Goncalves, Michelle Vasconcelos de Oliveira Borges, Paulo Francisco De Almeida-Neto, Gilmara Gomes De Assis, Breno Guilherme De Araujo Tinoco Cabral, Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas
Summary: Obesity burdens global public health systems, requiring the identification and proposal of valid anthropometric indices for the prevention and treatment of obesity and associated diseases. The study found that the Body Adiposity Index (BAI) had low validity in estimating body fat percentage, while a new mathematical model was identified as a good option for assessing body composition in Brazilian adults.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Silvana Alfei, Andrea Spallarossa, Matteo Lusardi, Guendalina Zuccari
Summary: Water-soluble formulations of pyrazole derivative CR232 were prepared using two different nanotechnological approaches. CR232-G5K NPs showed a complex release profile following Weibull kinetics, while CR232-SUVs displayed a constant prolonged release profile following zero-order kinetics. Both strategies successfully improved the solubility of CR232.
Article
Orthopedics
Qizhao Tan, Zhongwei Yang, Xing Xin, Bin Yang, Zhili Xing, Feng Li, Ke Zhang, Yun Tian, Tengjiao Zhu
Summary: POSTN plays a role in the process of osteoarthritis, but its serum level is not sufficient to serve as a biomarker for osteoarthritis.
BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
(2022)
Review
Emergency Medicine
Binyamin Sikander, Jacob Rosenberg, Siv Fonnes
Summary: This scoping review included 65 biomarkers from 52 studies, involving 14,312 patients. Routine biomarkers had poor diagnostic accuracy, with sensitivity ranging from 15% to 100% and specificity between 27% and 100%. Novel biomarkers are still in the early stage of study and lack accuracy and cost-benefit analysis.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Farshad Nassiri, Jeff Liu, Vikas Patil, Yasin Mamatjan, Justin Z. Wang, Rupert Hugh-White, Andrew M. Macklin, Shahbaz Khan, Olivia Singh, Shirin Karimi, Rosario I. Corona, Lydia Y. Liu, Caroline Y. Chen, Ankur Chakravarthy, Qingxia Wei, Bharati Mehani, Suganth Suppiah, Andrew Gao, Adriana M. Workewych, Ghazaleh Tabatabai, Paul C. Boutros, Gary D. Bader, Daniel D. de Carvalho, Thomas Kislinger, Kenneth Aldape, Gelareh Zadeh
Summary: Meningiomas, the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults, often require surgery due to lack of effective medical therapies. This study introduced four consensus molecular groups of meningioma, which accurately predicted clinical outcomes and informed therapeutic options. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed inter-individual variations in meningioma biology, highlighting the importance of molecular classification in guiding treatment strategies.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qun Zhao, Guangrong Meng, Guangchen Li, Carol Flach, Richard Mendelsohn, Roger Lalancette, Roman Szostak, Michal Szostak
Summary: This study reports the synthesis, catalytic activity, and full structural and electronic characterization of novel, sterically-bulky NHC ligands based on the hash peralkylation concept. The new ligands have been commercialized and show broad activity in various cross-coupling reactions. The generality of the approach in ligand design is demonstrated through facile synthesis of different NHC ligands.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Josef Jampilek, Katarina Kralova
Summary: Climate change and environmental contamination caused by human activities have a growing negative impact on human life. Developing technologies and sophisticated materials, such as graphene-based nanomaterials, could help overcome these negative effects. Graphene-based nanomaterials have promising applications in various fields including medicine and agriculture, but their potential negative effects on living organisms should be carefully considered.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
David Richard, Geert Kapteijns, Julia A. Giannini, M. Lisa Manning, Edan Lerner
Summary: The study proposes a simple definition of shear transformation zones (STZs) based on the harmonic approximation of a glass's energy, which is shown to be more broadly applicable than previous anharmonic definitions. An open-source library is provided for analyzing low-lying STZs in computer glasses and laboratory materials. The results represent a methodological advancement towards characterizing mechanical disorder in glasses and understanding their yielding behavior.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Franziska Strasser, Stephen M. Barnett, Monika Ritsch-Marte, Gregor Thalhammer
Summary: We propose a method to measure the optical torque applied to particles of arbitrary shape using the change of angular momentum of light. The method allows for the determination of all torque components from a single interference pattern and the retrieval of the required phase using an iterative algorithm. This method provides access to the torque pertaining to individual particles as well as separate spin or orbital parts of the total torque.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Serena Dotolo, Anna Marabotti, Angelo Facchiano, Roberto Tagliaferri
Summary: Drug repurposing involves finding new uses for existing drugs at a lower cost and in a shorter time period. Different computational drug-repurposing strategies, including network-based models, structure-based approaches, and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches, have been applied to COVID-19. Network-based clustering and propagation approaches have been used to identify proteins associated with COVID-19, while structure-based approaches have focused on discovering new applications for existing drugs through interactions with biological targets. AI-based networks, however, require more data before becoming relevant in this context.
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yuanyuan Sun, Shaofeng Jia, Ru Jia
Summary: This paper analyzes the classification and hierarchical structure of water rights systems. It further determines the unit water rights systems and mixed water rights systems based on the water rights meta types, which are the most basic elements of water rights systems. The unit water rights systems are the smallest independently existing units that maintain the characteristics of water rights systems, while the mixed water rights systems comprise a mix of different unit systems. By collecting data on objective influencing factors in research units and statistically analyzing the data, the thresholds for all influencing factors in each unit water rights system are estimated. The applicable conditions of each unit water rights system can be determined based on these thresholds.
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Hongying Zhang
Summary: The article discusses the design of new biomedical robots based on the origami principle, highlighting two categories of origami patterns applicable to medical devices. However, due to the unevenness of the physical folding structure, analyzing mechanics becomes more complex.
IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Tzung-Pei Hong, Chen-Chia Chiu, Ja-Hwung Su, Chun-Hao Chen
Summary: Erasable-itemset mining is a commonly used method in production planning to identify itemsets that have little effect on production profits if removed. This paper proposes the use of metamorphic testing to check the correctness of mining results by discovering proper metamorphic relations. Experimental results show that the metamorphic relations can effectively and efficiently assess the mining results.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tim Egghe, Rino Morent, Richard Hoogenboom, Nathalie De Geyter
Summary: Antibacterial coatings are essential for preventing implant-related infections. Plasma polymer and polydopamine-based coatings are the most widely studied and versatile approaches, capable of synthesizing different types of antibacterial films. However, more fundamental research is needed before these coatings can be widely used.
TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Hongying Zhang
Summary: The origami principle can be applied to build compact actuators, deployable stents, and minimally invasive surgery devices. Traditional paper-based origami is converted to physical robots, which become complex and challenging to analyze, leading to the proposal of a computational model for analysis and simulation.
IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS
(2022)
Article
Primary Health Care
Sabrina Kastaun, Verena Leve, Jaqueline Hildebrandt, Christian Funke, Stephanie Becker, Diana Lubisch, Wolfgang Viechtbauer, Olaf Reddemann, Linn Hempel, Hayden McRobbie, Tobias Raupach, Robert West, Daniel Kotz
BMC FAMILY PRACTICE
(2019)
Article
Substance Abuse
Jinshuo Li, Peter Hajek, Francesca Pesola, Qi Wu, Anna Phillips-Waller, Dunja Przulj, Katie Myers Smith, Natalie Bisal, Peter Sasieni, Lynne Dawkins, Louise Ross, Maciej Lukasz Goniewicz, Hayden McRobbie, Steve Parrott
Editorial Material
Substance Abuse
Hayden McRobbie, Veronica C. Boland, Ryan J. Courtney
Article
Substance Abuse
Hayden McRobbie, Benjamin Kwan
Summary: Tobacco smoking has detrimental effects on the respiratory system, while smoking cessation can prevent and manage respiratory diseases. However, the offer of cessation support by clinicians and uptake by patients remain limited.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Hayden J. McRobbie, Anna Phillips-Waller, Catherine El Zerbi, Ann McNeill, Peter Hajek, Francesca Pesola, James Balmford, Stuart G. Ferguson, Lin Li, Sarah Lewis, Ryan J. Courtney, Coral Gartner, Linda Bauld, Ron Borland
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
(2020)
Article
Substance Abuse
Katie Myers Smith, Anna Phillips-Waller, Francesca Pesola, Hayden McRobbie, Dunja Przulj, Marzena Orzol, Peter Hajek
Summary: In a randomized controlled trial, e-cigarettes were found to be more effective than nicotine replacement therapy in helping smokers reduce smoking and achieve sustained abstinence, especially in those who had previously failed to quit through conventional methods. The study showed that e-cigarettes had higher rates of validated smoking reduction and abstinence at 6 months compared to the nicotine replacement therapy group, with minimal adverse events reported in both groups.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ryan J. Courtney, Hayden McRobbie, Piotr Tutka, Natasha A. Weaver, Dennis Petrie, Colin P. Mendelsohn, Anthony Shakeshaft, Saki Talukder, Christel Macdonald, Dennis Thomas, Benjamin C. H. Kwan, Natalie Walker, Coral Gartner, Richard P. Mattick, Christine Paul, Stuart G. Ferguson, Nicholas A. Zwar, Robyn L. Richmond, Christopher M. Doran, Veronica C. Boland, Wayne Hall, Robert West, Michael Farrell
Summary: This study compared standard cytisine treatment (25 days) with standard varenicline treatment (84 days) for smoking cessation among Australian adult daily smokers willing to make a quit attempt. The findings failed to demonstrate noninferiority of cytisine compared with varenicline regarding smoking cessation.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Katharine Bowker, Sarah Lewis, Michael Ussher, Felix Naughton, Lucy Phillips, Tim Coleman, Sophie Orton, Hayden McRobbie, Linda Bauld, Sue Cooper
Summary: The prevalence of vaping during pregnancy and the postpartum period ranges from 15.9% to 23.1%, with the majority being dual users. The vaping habits of exclusive vapers remain stable throughout pregnancy and the postpartum, while the habits of dual users vary, with a third exclusively smoking in the postpartum.
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter Hajek, Dunja Przulj, Francesca Pesola, Hayden McRobbie, Sarrah Peerbux, Anna Phillips-Waller, Natalie Bisal, Katie Myers Smith
Summary: The study found that the 5:2 diet and standard multicomponent weight management advice yielded similar weight loss results, with the 5:2 diet not undermining other health behaviors and receiving more positive ratings. Additionally, adding initial group support enhanced adherence and effects of the 5:2 diet.
Review
Substance Abuse
Saki Rubaiya Talukder, Julia M. Lappin, Veronica Boland, Hayden McRobbie, Ryan James Courtney
Summary: Smokers with mental health disorders are under-represented in clinical trials evaluating smoking cessation medications, emphasizing the need to increase their participation to address accessibility issues for this vulnerable population.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Peter Hajek, Dunja Przulj, Francesca Pesola, Chris Griffiths, Robert Walton, Hayden McRobbie, Tim Coleman, Sarah Lewis, Rachel Whitemore, Miranda Clark, Michael Ussher, Lesley Sinclair, Emily Seager, Sue Cooper, Linda Bauld, Felix Naughton, Peter Sasieni, Isaac Manyonda, Katie Myers Smith
Summary: A randomized controlled trial comparing electronic cigarettes and nicotine patches for smoking cessation in pregnant women found no significant differences between the two interventions. However, when analyzing the data from pregnant women who strictly followed the trial protocol, electronic cigarettes were found to be beneficial.
Article
Substance Abuse
Kuang-Chieh Hsueh, Pei-Ling Tang, Hayden McRobbie
Summary: The study found that smokers using varenicline had significantly higher sustained abstinence rates at weeks 12-52 compared to those using cNRT in a smoking cessation clinic where smokers can choose their medication option.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Sharon Cox, Maciej L. Goniewicz, Leon Kosmider, Hayden McRobbie, Catherine Kimber, Lynne Dawkins
Summary: The study found that vapers compensate for low nicotine delivery by taking longer puffs under fixed power conditions, and this compensatory behavior remains stable when power settings are adjustable.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Sabrina Kastaun, Verena Leve, Jaqueline Hildebrandt, Christian Funke, Stephanie Klosterhalfen, Diana Lubisch, Olaf Reddemann, Hayden McRobbie, Tobias Raupach, Robert West, Stefan Wilm, Wolfgang Viechtbauer, Daniel Kotz
Summary: This study found that a single session of training in stop-smoking advice led to a three-fold increase in rates of advice giving and a seven-fold increase in offer of support. Delivery of stop-smoking advice may be higher in the ABC group during routine consultations.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jamie Hartmann-Boyce, Hayden McRobbie, Nicola Lindson, Chris Bullen, Rachna Begh, Annika Theodoulou, Caitlin Notley, Nancy A. Rigotti, Tari Turner, Ailsa R. Butler, Thomas R. Fanshawe, Peter Hajek
Summary: Studies have shown that e-cigarettes containing nicotine are more effective in helping smokers quit compared to those without nicotine and nicotine replacement therapy. However, the conclusion regarding safety is uncertain, and more research is needed to confirm the effectiveness and risks of e-cigarettes.
COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2021)