Article
Respiratory System
Kensuke Kataoka, Osamu Nishiyama, Takashi Ogura, Yoshihiro Mori, Ryo Kozu, Shinichi Arizono, Tohru Tsuda, Hiromi Tomioka, Keisuke Tomii, Koji Sakamoto, Hiroshi Ishimoto, Michiko Kagajo, Hiroyuki Ito, Kazuya Ichikado, Hajime Sasano, Seiichirou Eda, Machiko Arita, Yasuhiro Goto, Osamu Hataji, Satoshi Fuke, Ryota Shintani, Hirotsugu Hasegawa, Masahiko Ando, Tomoya Ogawa, Masashi Shiraishi, Fumiko Watanabe, Koichi Nishimura, Takuma Sasaki, Shinjiro Miyazaki, Hideo Saka, Yasuhiro Kondoh
Summary: This open-label randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of long-term pulmonary rehabilitation on exercise tolerance in patients with IPF. The results showed that pulmonary rehabilitation significantly improved endurance time, but did not have a significant effect on 6-minute walking distance.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xudan Yang, Zhihao Xu, Songhua Hu, Juan Shen
Summary: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease without a known cause. Current approved drugs for IPF, such as Pirfenidone and Nintedanib, can slow down the decline in lung function and reduce the risk of acute worsening. However, they cannot alleviate symptoms or improve overall survival. The development of new, safe, and effective drugs is necessary. Previous studies have shown that cyclic nucleotides and phosphodiesterase inhibitors may be potential targets for treating pulmonary fibrosis. This paper reviews the progress in research on PDE inhibitors and provides insights for the development of anti-pulmonary fibrosis drugs.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Irina R. Strambu, Christian A. Seemayer, Liesbeth M-C. A. Fagard, Paul A. Ford, Tom A. K. Van der Aa, Angela A. de Haas-Amatsaleh, Vikas Modgill, Eva Santermans, Eric N. Sondag, Eric G. Helmer, Toby M. Maher, Ulrich Costabel, Vincent Cottin
Summary: This study assessed the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of GLPG1205 for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The results showed that GLPG1205 did not have a significant difference in the decline of lung function compared to placebo, but it had a poorer safety and tolerability profile.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hehua Guo, Jiazheng Sun, Siyu Zhang, Yalan Nie, Sirui Zhou, Yulan Zeng
Summary: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease with an unknown cause and poorly understood pathogenesis. The transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, triggered by injury to the alveolar epithelial cells, and the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as collagen, play crucial roles in IPF progression. Two novel anti-fibrotic medications, pirfenidone and nintedanib, have shown efficacy in slowing down lung function decline and reducing hospitalization risk in IPF patients. However, lung transplantation remains the only potential curative measure for IPF, and various innovative therapeutic strategies are currently being investigated.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Lata Jayaram, Alain C. Vandal, Catherina L. Chang, Chris Lewis, Cecilia Tong, Christine Tuffery, Jill Bell, Wendy Fergusson, Gene Jeon, David Milne, Stuart Jones, Noel Karalus, Sandra Hotu, Conroy Wong
Summary: Tiotropium via the HandiHaler device can significantly improve lung function in patients with stable bronchiectasis and airflow limitation, but does not reduce the frequency of exacerbations.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Timothy S. Blackwell, Justin C. Hewlett, Wendi R. Mason, Susan Martin, James Del Greco, Guixiao Ding, Pingsheng Wu, Lisa H. Lancaster, James E. Loyd, Rosemarie B. Dudenhofer, Margaret L. Salisbury, Jonathan A. Kropski
Summary: The study aimed to assess the safety and tolerability of adding valganciclovir as an addon therapy to pirfenidone in patients with IPF. Results showed that valganciclovir was safe and well tolerated compared to placebo, with a potential improvement in lung function in IPF patients from randomization to 12 months of follow-up.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Respiratory System
Ching-Yi Chen, Chao-Hsien Chen, Cheng-Yi Wang, Chih-Cheng Lai, Chien-Ming Chao, Yu-Feng Wei
Summary: In patients with IPF, the additional use of antimicrobial agents did not improve mortality or lung function decline but was associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal toxicity.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Martin J. Wildman, Alicia O'Cathain, Chin Maguire, Madelynne A. Arden, Marlene Hutchings, Judy Bradley, Stephen J. Walters, Pauline Whelan, John Ainsworth, Iain Buchan, Laura Mandefield, Laura Sutton, Paul Tappenden, Rachel A. Elliott, Zhe Hui Hoo, Sarah J. Drabble, Daniel Beever
Summary: A complex self-management intervention for CF patients showed higher objectively measured adherence and BMI in the intervention group compared to usual care, but no significant differences were observed in exacerbation rates and lung function.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Yosafe Wakwaya, Deepa Ramdurai, Jeffrey J. Swigris
Summary: Chronic cough in patients with IPF may involve multiple mechanisms, including comorbid conditions and IPF itself. Diagnostic and management approaches need to be multi-faceted, but may lack robust data support.
Article
Respiratory System
Sabina A. Guler, Christian Clarenbach, Martin Brutsche, Katrin Hostettler, Anne-Kathrin Brill, Anke Schertel, Thomas K. Geiser, Manuela Funke-Chambour
Summary: This study did not support the use of low-dose azithromycin for chronic cough in patients with IPF. Gastrointestinal adverse effects were more frequent with azithromycin than with placebo.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Susumu Sakamoto, Kensuke Kataoka, Yasuhiro Kondoh, Motoyasu Kato, Masaki Okamoto, Hiroshi Mukae, Masashi Bando, Takafumi Suda, Kazuhiro Yatera, Yoshinori Tanino, Tomoo Kishaba, Noboru Hattori, Yoshio Taguchi, Takefumi Saito, Yasuhiko Nishioka, Kazuyoshi Kuwano, Kazuma Kishi, Naohiko Inase, Shinichi Sasaki, Hajime Takizawa, Takeshi Johkoh, Fumikazu Sakai, Sakae Homma
Summary: The study suggests that combination therapy with inhaled N-acetylcysteine and pirfenidone may lead to worse outcomes for IPF patients.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Matthew B. Laurens, Randy G. Mungwira, Nginache Nampota, Osward M. Nyirenda, Titus H. Divala, Maxwell Kanjala, Felix A. Mkandawire, Lufina Tsirizani Galileya, Wongani Nyangulu, Edson Mwinjiwa, Matthew Downs, Amy Tillman, Terrie E. Taylor, Jane Mallewa, Christopher Plowe, Joep J. van Oosterhout, Miriam K. Laufer
Summary: The study in Malawi showed that in HIV-infected adults who had immune reconstitution on ART and continued co-trimoxazole prophylaxis, fewer deaths and WHO HIV/AIDS stage 3-4 events were experienced compared to prophylaxis discontinuation, although statistical significance was not achieved. Co-trimoxazole effectively prevented a composite of death plus WHO HIV/AIDS stage 2-4 events. Given the lack of routine viral load monitoring in sub-Saharan Africa, co-trimoxazole prophylaxis should continue in adults on ART after immune reconstitution.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anoop Nambiar, Dean Kellogg, Jaime Justice, Martin Goros, Jonathan Gelfond, Rodolfo Pascual, Shahrukh Hashmi, Michal Masternak, Larissa Prata, Nathan LeBrasseur, Andrew Limper, Stephen Kritchevsky, Nicolas Musi, Tamara Tchkonia, James Kirkland
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility and tolerability of intermittent administration of dasatinib and quercetin combination therapy in patients with IPF through a randomized placebo-controlled trial. The results showed that the patients completed all doses and assessments under D + Q treatment, and there were no serious adverse events related to the chronic disease or medication.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jiansheng Li, Xue-qing Yu, Yang Xie, Shu-guang Yang, Limin Zhao, Miao Zhou, Yong Meng
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The results showed that TCM treatment significantly reduced acute exacerbations, improved pulmonary function, health-related quality of life, exercise capacity, and symptoms, with acceptable side-effects.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicolino Ruperto, Hermine Brunner, Olga Synoverska, Tracy Ting, Carlos Abud Mendoza, Alberto Spindler, Yulia Vyzhga, Katherine Marzan, Lyudmila Grebenkina, Irit Tirosh, Lisa Imundo, Rita Jerath, Daniel J. Kingsbury, Betul Sozeri, Sheetal S. Vora, Sampath Prahalad, Elena Zholobova, Yonatan Butbul Aviel, Vyacheslav Chasnyk, Melissa Lerman, Kabita Nanda, Heinrike Schmeling, Heather Tory, Yosef Uziel, Diego O. Viola, Holly B. Posner, Keith S. Kanik, Ann Wouters, Cheng Chang, Richard Zhang, Irina Lazariciu, Ming-Ann Hsu, Ricardo M. Suehiro, Alberto Martini, Daniel J. Lovell
Summary: The trial showed that tofacitinib is an effective treatment for patients with polyarticular course JIA. New oral therapies are particularly relevant for children and adolescents, who might prefer to avoid injections.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Emily W. Lopes, Simon S. M. Chan, Mingyang Song, Jonas F. Ludvigsson, Niclas Hakansson, Paul Lochhead, Allan Clark, Kristin E. Burke, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Amanda J. Cross, Domenico Palli, Manuela M. Bergmann, James M. Richter, Andrew T. Chan, Ola Olen, Alicja Wolk, Hamed Khalili
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the proportion of cases of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) that could be prevented by modifiable lifestyle factors. Using several cohorts in the US and Europe, the researchers created modifiable risk scores and healthy lifestyle scores, and found that a significant number of CD and UC cases could be prevented through lifestyle modification.
Review
Immunology
Emily Naish, Alexander J. T. Wood, Andrew P. Stewart, Matthew Routledge, Andrew Conway Morris, Edwin R. Chilvers, Katharine M. Lodge
Summary: Neutrophils, the most abundant circulating leukocytes, play a crucial role in the initial innate immune response to infection. They eliminate pathogens through phagocytosis and a complex interplay of multiple systems and mechanisms within the phagosome creates an antimicrobial environment. However, gaps in knowledge and controversies exist regarding how neutrophil phagosomes optimize pathogen killing.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Caitlin Notley, Lucy Clark, Pippa Belderson, Emma Ward, Allan B. Clark, Steve Parrott, Sanjay Agrawal, Ben M. Bloom, Adrian A. Boyle, Geraint Morris, Alasdair Gray, Tim Coats, Mei-See Man, Linda Bauld, Richard Holland, Ian Pope
Summary: This study aims to determine whether an opportunistic smoking cessation intervention delivered in the emergency department can help daily smokers quit smoking and is cost-effective. The trial compares brief smoking cessation advice with provision of an e-cigarette and referral to local stop smoking services (intervention group) and provision of contact details for local stop smoking services (control group). Outcomes will be collected at 1, 3, and 6 months, with the primary outcome being carbon monoxide verified continuous smoking abstinence at 6 months.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Toby Smith, Reema Khoury, Polly-Anna Ashford, Sarah Hanson, Allie Welsh, Allan B. Clark, Emma Dures, Jo Adams
Summary: This study aims to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a program (JOINT SUPPORT) designed to support individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain and their caregivers. The program includes group-based training sessions and telephone support, delivered by trained professionals. A mixed-methods feasibility randomized controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the program.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Iain McNamara, Valerie Pomeroy, Allan B. Clark, Graham Creelman, Celia Whitehouse, J. Wells, B. Harry, Toby O. Smith, Juliet High, Ann Marie Swart, Celia Clarke
Summary: In this study, there was no difference in patient-reported outcomes scores and biomechanical outcomes between a newer design of total knee replacement (Journey II BCS) and an older design (Genesis II) at 6 months after surgery.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Toby Smith, Michael Mansfield, Sarah Hanson, Allie Welsh, Reema Khoury, Allan Clark, Emma Dures, Jo Adams
Summary: This study examines the use of informal support among people with chronic pain. The results show that individuals who receive informal care are primarily female, older, and have multiple medical conditions. The informal care provided often involves everyday activities and is most frequently provided by partners or children. Despite reporting greater disability and symptoms, there were no differences in health status, loneliness, or well-being between those who received care and those who did not.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PAIN
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tharusha D. Gunawardena, Natasha Corballis, Ioannis Merinopoulos, Upul Wickramarachchi, Johannes Reinhold, Clint Maart, Sulfi Sreekumar, Chris Sawh, Trevor Wistow, Toomas Sarev, Alisdair Ryding, Tim J. Gilbert, Allan Clark, Vassilios S. Vassiliou, Simon Eccleshall
Summary: The objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of patients treated with drug-coated balloons (DCBs) or second-generation drug-eluting stents (DESs) for de novo unprotected left main stem (LMS) disease. The results showed that there was no significant difference in all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality between the DCB and DES groups. This suggests that DCB angioplasty can be considered a safe option for the treatment of LMS disease.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Helen Morse, Amy A. Jolly, Hannah Browning, Allan Clark, Valerie Pomeroy, Stephanie Rossit
Summary: Assessment of cognitive impairments is important in clinical practice, and cancellation and line bisection tasks are commonly used to evaluate visuospatial attention. However, most studies have focused on near-space tasks, and the relationship between cancellation and bisection tasks remains unclear.
AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION
(2023)
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Shyam A. Gokani, Andreas Espehana, Ana C. Pratas, Louis Luke, Ekta Sharma, Jennifer Mattock, Jelena Gavrilovic, Allan Clark, Tom Wileman, Carl M. Philpott
Summary: This study aimed to identify and summarize clinical studies of biomarkers in adults with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) to guide future research into CRS endotypes. The study identified numerous potential biomarkers for differentiating CRS phenotypes. Future studies should focus on the prognostic role of nasal tissue biomarkers or expand on the more limited studies of nasal secretions and nasal lavage fluid.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY & ALLERGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Linda Birt, Thando Katangwe-Chigamba, Sion Scott, David J. Wright, Adam P. Wagner, Erika Sims, Veronica Bion, Carys Seeley, Faisal Alsaif, Allan Clarke, Alys Griffiths, Liz Jones, Alison Bryant, Amrish Patel
Summary: Influenza vaccination rates among care home staff in the UK are low, but the FluCare study aims to improve this through behavioral interventions such as videos, posters, leaflets, and on-site vaccination clinics. This paper outlines the planned process evaluation, which will describe the intervention's delivery, explore its effects, investigate the mechanisms of impact, and assess the perceived effectiveness of the intervention components from participant perspectives.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sion Scott, Bethany Atkins, Jacqueline M. Martin-Kerry, Megan Pritchard, David Phillip Alldred, Allan B. Clark, Antony Colles, Amber Hammond, Katherine Murphy, Victoria L. Keevil, Ian Kellar, Martyn Patel, Erika Sims, Johanna Taylor, David Turner, Miles Witham, David Wright, Debi Bhattacharya
Summary: The CHARMER study aims to develop and test a behavior change intervention to proactively deprescribe inappropriate medicines with older adults in hospital. This study will test the feasibility and acceptability of study processes and CHARMER implementation.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shyam Ajay Gokani, Allan Clark, Amin Javer, Carl Philpott
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with non-adherence to prescribed medication after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and compare SNOT-22 scores post-operation between adherent and non-adherent patients. Of the 94 participants included in this retrospective cohort study, 66% did not adhere to their post-operative medication regimen. The most common reasons for non-adherence were symptom improvement, symptom deterioration, and side effects. Non-intentionally non-adherent (NINA) participants had lower post-operative SNOT-22 scores compared to intentionally non-adherent (INA) and adherent patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kala Kumaresan, Sara Bengtsson, Saber Sami, Allan Clark, Thomas Hummel, James Boardman, Juliet High, Rashed Sobhan, Carl Philpott
Summary: Smell loss is a common problem, and viral infections are the second most common cause. Smell loss can have negative impacts on quality of life, and effective therapeutic treatment options are lacking. Previous studies suggest the regenerative potential of vitamin A in olfactory receptor neurons. This study aims to compare intranasally delivered vitamin A with no intervention to determine its efficacy.
PILOT AND FEASIBILITY STUDIES
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Rebecca Ferris, Tun Maung, Christopher Atkins, Dayle Terrington, Allan Clark, Prasad Manivarmane, Andrew Wilson
Summary: This study aimed to test the repeatability of three patient reported outcome measures in people with sarcoidosis associated fatigue. The results showed good agreement between the baseline and 3-month measurements, indicating that these measures are reliable in assessing fatigue and health-related quality of life in this population over a period of 12 weeks.
SARCOIDOSIS VASCULITIS AND DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES
(2023)