Article
Hematology
Wuwei Rong, Chenchen Liu, Xiaoming Li, Naifu Wan, Lijiang Wei, Wentong Zhu, Peiyuan Bai, Ming Li, Yangjing Ou, Fang Li, Lingxia Wang, Xuanhui Wu, Jianling Liu, Mingyan Xing, Xiaoming Zhao, Han Liu, Haibing Zhang, Ankang Lyu
Summary: This study reveals the role of caspase-8 in regulating IL-1 beta activation in macrophages and its involvement in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Caspase-8 promotes inflammatory cell infiltration and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation via NLRP3/IL-1 beta activation, contributing to the pathogenesis of PAH.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Peng Jiang, Jing Wei
Summary: This study explored the application value of lung ultrasound (LUS) in neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia (NVAP). The results showed that LUS has higher accuracy and consistency in diagnosing and predicting the outcomes of pneumonia compared to chest X-ray. Therefore, LUS can be considered as the preferred imaging examination for NVAP.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Jian Zhou, Jingqian Zhou, Yan Hong, Youcheng Wang, Hailong Lin, Leting Huang
Summary: The study evaluated the diagnostic value of ETT-aspirate sTREM-1 and serum C-reactive protein concentrations in neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia (NVAP) among preterm and full-term neonates on mechanical ventilators. The results showed that these indicators may be useful for diagnosing NVAP, especially when combined. Changes in these indicators over ventilation days were also observed, providing valuable insights into neonatal recovery processes.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Fabio Aguiar-Alves, Hoan N. Le, Vuvi G. Tran, Emmanuelle Gras, Trang T. T. Vu, Oliver X. Dong, Josiane Silva Quetz, Lily Cheng, Li Yu, Bret R. Sellman, Charles K. Stover, Antonio DiGiandomenico, Binh An Diep
Summary: The use of MEDI3902 antibody for prophylactic treatment has been shown to protect rabbits from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and reduce lung lesions and bacteremia. Compared to MEDI3902 treatment, rabbits treated with irrelevant control IgG exhibited severe pneumonia and systemic pathophysiological changes. These results suggest that MEDI3902 prophylaxis can decrease the severity of P. aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nathaniel S. S. Soper, Owen R. R. Albin
Summary: This study found that ICU physicians consistently overestimated the diagnostic probability and positive likelihood ratios of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in various clinical scenarios. Provider estimates were consistently higher than evidence-based probabilities. Attending and infectious disease physicians were more accurate in their estimates compared to trainees and non-ID physicians. Measures such as educational outreach and clinical decision support systems can help reduce overdiagnosis of VAP and antibiotic overuse in the ICU.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Adrien Bougle, Sophie Tuffet, Laura Federici, Marc Leone, Antoine Monsel, Thomas Dessalle, Julien Amour, Claire Dahyot-Fizelier, Francois Barbier, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Olivier Langeron, Bernard Cholley, Julien Pottecher, Tarik Hissem, Jean-Yves Lefrant, Benoit Veber, Matthieu Legrand, Alexandre Demoule, Pierre Kalfon, Jean-Michel Constantin, Alexandra Rousseau, Tabassome Simon, Arnaud Foucrier
Summary: In the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA-VAP), there is no difference in the composite or separate outcomes between short- and long-duration antibiotic treatments.
INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Amira Mohamed, Enas Daef, Amany Nafie, Lamia Shaban, Maggie Ibrahim
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of carbapenem-resistance and the rates of MDR, XDR, and PDR in CR-GNB infections in VAP. The study found a high presence of carbapenem-resistance genes in the isolates, with bla(NDM) being the most predominant gene. All isolates exhibited high resistance to most antibiotics.
Article
Nursing
Eman Arafa Hassan, Suad Elsayed Abdelmotalb Elsaman
Summary: Compliance with the ventilator bundle was found to be associated with a decreased risk of ventilator-associated events (VAEs) occurrence. Mechanically ventilated patients had a lower likelihood of experiencing VAEs when receiving the ventilator bundle.
Article
Immunology
Masashi Mizuno, Rei Nakano, Saki Nose, Moeka Matsumura, Yasuyuki Nii, Kentaro Kurogochi, Hiroshi Sugiya, Masami Uechi
Summary: In this study, it was found that interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) induces the expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in canine cardiac fibroblasts through the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B p65.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Louis Kreitmann, Alexandre Gaudet, Saad Nseir
Summary: Immunocompromised patients, who include individuals with cancer, hematological malignancies, solid organ transplants, and those receiving immunosuppressive therapies, have a higher risk of healthcare-associated and ICU-acquired infections, particularly ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections (VA-LTRI). Recent studies have challenged previous beliefs about the incidence of VA-LTRI and its association with multidrug-resistant bacteria in immunocompromised patients. This narrative review explores the specific features of VA-LTRI in this population, the importance of etiological diagnosis, and the impact of immunosuppression on outcomes.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kathleen Chiotos, Deanna Marshall, Katherine Kellom, Jennifer Whittaker, Heather Wolfe, Charlotte Woods-Hill, Hannah Stinson, Garrett Keim, Jennifer Blumenthal, Joseph Piccione, Giyoung Lee, Guy Sydney, Jeffrey Gerber
Summary: This study conducted a process evaluation of a respiratory culture diagnostic stewardship intervention. It found significant variation in the utilization and perceptions of respiratory cultures, as well as several key barriers to implementing this diagnostic test stewardship intervention.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Saad Nseir, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Pedro Povoa, Matthieu Metzelard, Damien Du Cheyron, Fabien Lambiotte, Fabienne Tamion, Marie Labruyere, Demosthenes Makris, Claire Boulle Geronimi, Marc Pinetonde Chambrun, Martine Nyunga, Olivier Pouly, Bruno Megarbane, Anastasia Saade, Gemma Goma, Eleni Magira, Jean-Francois Llitjos, Antoni Torres, Iliana Ioannidou, Alexandre Pierre, Luis Coelho, Jean Reignier, Denis Garot, Louis Kreitmann, Jean-Luc Baudel, Guillaume Voiriot, Damien Contou, Alexandra Beurton, Pierre Asfar, Alexandre Boyer, Arnaud W. Thille, Armand Mekontso-Dessap, Vassiliki Tsolaki, Christophe Vinsonneau, Pierre-Edouard Floch, Loic Le Guennec, Adrian Ceccato, Antonio Artigas, Mathilde Bouchereau, Julien Labreuche, Alain Duhamel, Anahita Rouze
Summary: This study found that VAP was significantly associated with increased 28-day mortality in SARS-CoV-2 patients, but SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia did not significantly modify the relationship between VAP and 28-day mortality compared to influenza pneumonia or no viral infection.
Article
Immunology
Vu Quoc Dat, Lam Minh Yen, Huynh Thi Loan, Vu Dinh Phu, Nguyen Thien Binh, Ronald B. Geskus, Dong Huu Khanh Trinh, Nguyen Thi Hoang Mai, Nguyen Hoan Phu, Nguyen Phu Huong Lan, Tran Phuong Thuy, Nguyen Vu Trung, Nguyen Trung Cap, Dao Tuyet Trinh, Nguyen Thi Hoa, Nguyen Thi Thu Van, Vy Thi Thu Luan, Tran Thi Quynh Nhu, Hoang Bao Long, Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha, Ninh Thi Thanh Van, James Campbell, Ehsan Ahmadnia, Evelyne Kestelyn, Duncan Wyncoll, Guy E. Thwaites, Nguyen Van Hao, Le Thanh Chien, Nguyen Van Kinh, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, H. Rogier van Doorn, C. Louise Thwaites, Behzad Nadjm
Summary: The study found that continuous cuff pressure control (CPC) using an automated electronic device did not reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated respiratory infection (VARI) in intubated patients compared to intermittent CPC.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
G. Dimopoulos, M. P. Almyroudi, I Kapralos, O. Apostolopoulou, A. Flevari, D. P. Nicolau, A. Dokoumetzidis
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of off-label high-dose tigecycline in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The results showed that a daily dose of 200 mg tigecycline can increase drug concentrations in plasma and epithelial lining fluid (ELF), and the high ELF penetration supports the effectiveness of tigecycline in VAP.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ari Meliyanti, Desy Rusmawatiningtyas, Firdian Makrufardi, Eggi Arguni
Summary: This study aimed to identify factors associated with mortality in pediatric pneumonia, and found that bacteremia and underweight were predictors of mortality for pediatric patients with pneumonia who were supported by mechanical ventilation. Comparing these findings with other centers is necessary.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tom M. Quinn, Erin E. Gaughan, Annya Bruce, Jean Antonelli, Richard O'Connor, Feng Li, Sarah McNamara, Oliver Koch, Claire MacKintosh, David Dockrell, Timothy Walsh, Kevin G. Blyth, Colin Church, Juergen Schwarze, Cecilia Boz, Asta Valanciute, Matthew Burgess, Philip Emanuel, Bethany Mills, Giulia Rinaldi, Gareth Hardisty, Ross Mills, Emily Gwyer Findlay, Sunny Jabbal, Andrew Duncan, Sinead Plant, Adam D. L. Marshall, Irene Young, Kay Russell, Emma Scholefield, Alastair F. Nimmo, Islom B. Nazarov, Grant C. Churchill, James S. O. McCullagh, Kourosh H. Ebrahimi, Colin Ferrett, Kate Templeton, Steve Rannard, Andrew Owen, Anne Moore, Keith Finlayson, Manu Shankar-Hari, John Norrie, Richard A. Parker, Ahsan R. Akram, Daniel C. Anthony, James W. Dear, Nik Hirani, Kevin Dhaliwal
Summary: This study presents the findings of a clinical trial on the use of nafamostat mesylate in COVID-19 patients. The results show a higher incidence of adverse events in the nafamostat group, and nafamostat did not demonstrate anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, or antiviral activity. Therefore, nafamostat may not be suitable as a therapeutic drug for COVID-19.
Correction
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sarah Halford, Susan Wan, Ilaria Dragoni, Julie Silvester, Bobojon Nazarov, Daniel Anthony, Suzie Anthony, Emma Ladds, John Norrie, Kevin Dhaliwal
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Erin E. Gaughan, Tom M. Quinn, Andrew Mills, Annya M. Bruce, Jean Antonelli, Alison C. MacKinnon, Vassilios Aslanis, Feng Li, Richard O'Connor, Cecilia Boz, Ross Mills, Philip Emanuel, Matthew Burgess, Giulia Rinaldi, Asta Valanciute, Bethany Mills, Emma Scholefield, Gareth Hardisty, Emily Gwyer Findlay, Richard A. Parker, John Norrie, James W. Dear, Ahsan R. Akram, Oliver Koch, Kate Templeton, David H. Dockrell, Timothy S. Walsh, Stephen Partridge, Duncan Humphries, Jie Wang-Jairaj, Robert J. Slack, Hans Schambye, De Phung, Lise Gravelle, Bertil Lindmark, Manu Shankar-Hari, Nikhil Hirani, Tariq Sethi, Kevin Dhaliwal
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of inhaled GB0139 in patients with COVID-19 pneumonitis. The results showed that the GB0139 group experienced no treatment-related serious adverse events, and the incidence of adverse events was similar to the control group. GB0139 can decrease the circulating galetin-3 concentration and achieve clinically relevant plasma concentrations after inhalation. These findings support larger clinical trials to determine the clinical efficacy of GB0139.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wendy Funston, Marie-Helene Ruchaud-Sparagano, Jonathan Scott, Jason Powell, Faye A. H. Cooles, Lauren Shelmerdine, Cliona McDowell, Denis O'Leary, Karen L. Booth, Stephen C. Clark, Simon J. Ledingham, Anthony J. Rostron, John H. Dark, A. John Simpson
Summary: This study established a bilateral pulmonary vein sampling model in humans, and found that single-lung ventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass had no significant effects on neutrophil function.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lisa Prince, Lydie Martin-Faivre, Berengere Villeret, Daniel Sanchez-Guzman, Pierre Le Guen, Jean-Michel Sallenave, Ignacio Garcia-Verdugo
Summary: Eosinophils play a crucial role in inducing a complete vaccine response, promoting antibody secretion in the early stage of the immune response. They migrate to the lungs and secrete cytokines to activate B cells, promoting antibody production. However, the absence of eosinophils does not impair late immune responses due to a compensating mechanism involving the Th17 pathway. This study reveals a novel role for eosinophils in lung mucosal vaccination, accelerating early immune responses while regulating IgA production in the late stages.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Harry Alexander Charles Wood, Katjana Ehrlich, Stephanos Yerolatsitis, Andras Kufcsak, Tom Michael Quinn, Susan Fernandes, Dominic Norberg, Nia Caitlin Jenkins, Vikki Young, Irene Young, Katie Hamilton, Sohan Seth, Ahsan Akram, Robert Rodrick Thomson, Keith Finlayson, Kevin Dhaliwal, James Morgan Stone
Summary: We have developed an endoscopic probe that integrates three optical fibre technologies to enable real-time optical biopsies in the distal lung. The probe combines high-resolution imaging fibre, multimode fibre for fluorescence spectroscopy, and hollow-core fibre for Raman spectroscopy. It has been demonstrated to be flexible enough to navigate in small loops and can be used in human airways with the help of a bronchoscope.
JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Iain Stewart, Joseph Jacob, Peter M. George, Philip L. Molyneaux, Joanna C. Porter, Richard J. Allen, Shahab Aslani, J. Kenneth Baillie, Shaney L. Barratt, Paul Beirne, Stephen M. Bianchi, John F. Blaikley, James D. Chalmers, Rachel C. Chambers, Nazia Chadhuri, Christopher Coleman, Guilhem Collier, Emma K. Denneny, Annemarie Docherty, Omer Elneima, Rachael A. Evans, Laura Fabbri, Michael A. Gibbons, Fergus Gleeson, Bibek Gooptu, Neil J. Greening, Beatriz Guillen Guio, Ian P. Hall, Neil A. Hanley, Victoria Harris, Ewen M. Harrison, Melissa Heightman, Toby E. Hillman, Alex Horsley, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Ian Jarrold, Simon R. Johnson, Mark G. Jones, Fasihul Khan, Rod Lawson, Olivia Leavy, Nazir Lone, Michael Marks, Hamish McAuley, Puja Mehta, Dhruv Parekh, Karen Piper Hanley, Manuela Plate, John Pearl, Krisnah Poinasamy, Jennifer K. Quint, Betty Raman, Matthew Richardson, Pilar Rivera-Ortega, Laura Saunders, Ruth Saunders, Malcolm G. Semple, Marco Sereno, Aarti Shikotra, A. John Simpson, Amisha Singapuri, David J. F. Smith, Mark Spears, Lisa G. Spencer, Stefan Stanel, David R. Thickett, A. A. Roger Thompson, Mathew Thorpe, Simon L. F. Walsh, Samantha Walker, Nicholas David Weatherley, Mark E. Weeks, Jim M. Wild, Dan G. Wootton, Chris E. Brightling, Ling-Pei Ho, Louise Wain, Gisli R. Jenkins
Summary: This study analyzed the data from the UK Interstitial Lung Disease Consortium (UKILD) post-COVID-19 study to estimate the prevalence of residual lung abnormalities in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The results showed that approximately 11% of recovered COVID-19 patients had residual lung abnormalities, highlighting the need for long-term monitoring.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah Thompson, Chong Yun Pang, Krishna Mohan Sepuru, Seppe Cambier, Thomas P. Hellyer, Jonathan Scott, A. John Simpson, Paul Proost, John A. Kirby, Krishna Rajarathnam, Neil S. Sheerin, Simi Ali
Summary: Chemokine CXCL8 plays a crucial role in human immune response by mediating neutrophil migration and activation at sites of infection and injury. This study demonstrates that peroxynitrite can nitrate CXCL8, leading to impaired neutrophil migration and activation. The nitrated chemokine showed reduced ability to induce neutrophil migration in vitro and failed to promote leukocyte recruitment in vivo due to impaired receptor signaling and binding to glycosaminoglycans. The presence of nitrated CXCL8 was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from patients with pneumonia, providing the first direct evidence of chemokine nitration in human pathophysiology.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Amal Alamer, Rhys Jones, Michael Drinnan, A. John Simpson, Mike Griffin, Joanne M. Patterson, Abdullah Althuwaybi, Chris Ward, Ian A. Forrest
Summary: This study aimed to investigate oropharyngeal swallowing in patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) and found that some patients showed swallowing difficulty, including aspiration into an unprotected airway.
BMC PULMONARY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Optics
Pablo Roldan-Varona, Calum A. A. Ross, Luis Rodriguez-Cobo, Jose Miguel Lopez-Higuera, Erin Gaughan, Kevin Dhaliwal, Michael G. G. Tanner, Robert R. R. Thomson, Helen E. E. Parker
Summary: Imaging fibers are used to perform real-time fluorescence endomicroscopy, in vivo, in situ, with the goal of increasing diagnostic information for a plethora of organ systems and diseases. Widefield fiber endomicroscopy systems are simple, cost-effective, and come with fast image acquisition times. However, alternative approaches such as scanning systems produce higher contrast images with intrinsic optical sectioning, improving the visibility of histological features, albeit at the expense of simplicity, cost, and acquisition rate. We developed a selective plane illumination microscopy endoscopic fiber platform, consisting of an ultrafast laser fabricated end-cap, integrated with a polymer coherent fiber bundle, and an epifluorescence microscope. Polymer fibers are known to fluoresce when pumped with blue light, enhancing the background and noise in images. Our end-cap design circumvents this challenge. We demonstrate a reduction of out-of-focus features, along with improved contrast of in-focus features, in images of a tissue phantom. Moreover, we demonstrate the utility of our platform for endomicroscopy using a whole, ex vivo human lung model.
Article
Robotics
Balint Thamo, David Hanley, Kevin Dhaliwal, Mohsen Khadem
Summary: Concentric Tube Robots (CTRs) are continuum robots that can manipulate objects in restricted spaces and follow smooth trajectories. A data-driven controller using Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) is proposed to repeatedly and precisely direct the robot along predetermined deployment trajectories. The controller learns the nonlinear dynamics of the robot and interaction forces on the fly, enabling the robot to follow desired trajectories even in the presence of unknown perturbations.
IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter W. Horby, Jonathan R. Emberson, Buddha Basnyat, Mark Campbell, Leon Peto, Guilherme Pessoa-Amorim, Natalie Staplin, Raph L. Hamers, John Amuasi, Jeremy Nel, Evelyne Kestelyn, Manisha Rawal, Roshan Kumar Jha, Nguyen Thanh Phong, Uun Sumardi, Damodar Paudel, Pham Ngoc Thach, Nasronudin Nasronudin, Emma Stratton, Louise Mew, Rahuldeb Sarkar, J. Kenneth Baillie, Maya H. Buch, Jeremy Day, Saul N. Faust, Thomas Jaki, Katie Jeffery, Edmund Juszczak, Marian Knight, Wei Shen Lim, Marion Mafham, Alan Montgomery, Andrew Mumford, Kathryn Rowan, Guy Thwaites, Richard Haynes, Martin J. Landray
Summary: This study evaluated the use of high-dose corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients. The results showed that in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, high-dose corticosteroids increased the risk of death compared to low-dose corticosteroids.
Article
Immunology
Duncan C. Humphries, Richard A. O'Connor, Hazel L. Stewart, Tom M. Quinn, Erin E. Gaughan, Beth Mills, Gareth O. S. Williams, James M. Stone, Keith Finlayson, Martine Chabaud-Riou, Florence Boudet, Kevin Dhaliwal, Vincent Pavot
Summary: This study developed a novel method combining ex vivo lung ventilation and fibre-based optical endomicroscopy to detect in situ lymphocyte tissue residency markers in human lungs. This method has significant implications for both research and clinical applications.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Nia C. Jenkins, Katjana Ehrlich, Andras Kufcsak, Stephanos Yerolatsitis, Susan Fernandes, Irene Young, Katie Hamilton, Harry A. C. Wood, Tom Quinn, Vikki Young, Ahsan R. Akram, James M. Stone, Robert R. Thomson, Keith Finlayson, Kevin Dhaliwal, Sohan Seth
Summary: Fiber-based Raman spectroscopy in vivo may be affected by background fluorescence, which can mask the weak Raman signals. A potential solution is shifted excitation Raman spectroscopy (SER), which computationally suppresses the fluorescence background based on the different responses of Raman and fluorescence spectra to excitation. We propose a method that effectively estimates the Raman and fluorescence spectra using their spectral characteristics and compare it with existing methods using real world datasets.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Alexandra C. Adams, Andras Kufcsak, Katjana Ehrlich, Kevin Dhaliwal, Sohan Seth
Summary: Innovations in CMOS SPAD technology have contributed to the development of advanced instruments for TRFS. These instruments can collect fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime information across a broad spectral range with high resolution. We introduce MuFLE, a computational method that efficiently utilizes multi-channel spectroscopy data to estimate emission spectra and spectral fluorescence lifetimes simultaneously. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this approach can extract individual spectral characteristics from mixed samples.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)