Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Ning Ding, Yujia Qin, Guang Yang, Fuchao Wei, Zonghan Yang, Yusheng Su, Shengding Hu, Yulin Chen, Chi-Min Chan, Weize Chen, Jing Yi, Weilin Zhao, Xiaozhi Wang, Zhiyuan Liu, Hai-Tao Zheng, Jianfei Chen, Yang Liu, Jie Tang, Juanzi Li, Maosong Sun
Summary: With the rise of pre-trained language models (PLMs) and the pre-training-fine-tuning approach, it has become clear that larger models generally achieve better performance. However, scaling up PLMs leads to high costs and impracticality in terms of fine-tuning and storing all parameters. To address this, parameter-efficient adaptation of PLMs, known as delta-tuning, focuses on optimizing a subset of parameters while keeping the rest fixed, reducing computation and storage costs. This article discusses and analyzes the different approaches of delta-tuning and explores their correlations and differences, providing a unified categorization criterion. Theoretical principles underlying the effectiveness of delta-tuning are also discussed, along with an empirical study on numerous natural language processing tasks.
NATURE MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zixuan Jia, Ruth M. Doherty, Carlos Ordonez, Chaofan Li, Oliver Wild, Shipra Jain, Xiao Tang
Summary: This study uses a new high-resolution air quality reanalysis dataset to examine the influence of large-scale circulation on daily PM2.5 variability in three major populated regions of China. Three circulation-based indices for predicting air pollution levels are proposed. The results are beneficial for understanding and forecasting heavily polluted PM2.5 days in these regions from a large-scale perspective.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Ryan L. Paul, Ian S. Pearse, Paul J. Ode
Summary: Plant defences and natural enemies regulate herbivore populations, with variability in plant defence affecting herbivore fitness but not impacting parasitoid fitness. Increased variability in encountered plant defences suppresses herbivore fitness with no cost to top-down control, ultimately reducing parasitoid success and weakening top-down control of herbivores at the population level.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marc Fernandez, Filipe Alves, Rita Ferreira, Jan-Christopher Fischer, Paula Thake, Nuno Nunes, Rui Caldeira, Ana Dinis
Summary: Accurate distributional estimates of cetaceans in oceanic islands were obtained using a long-term dataset, providing novel insights on species ecology and quantitative data for better dynamic management actions.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Benjamin T. Fraser, Russell G. Congalton
Summary: Forest disturbances caused by pests, diseases, and other factors can lead to significant economic losses. Utilizing unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and multispectral imagery can help differentiate between different tree health statuses and improve the efficiency of collecting forestry data.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katsura Igai, Osamu Kitade, Jieyang Fu, Kazumi Omata, Takahiro Yonezawa, Moriya Ohkuma, Yuichi Hongoh
Summary: This study focused on the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes speratus and identified 10 or 11 morphologically distinct oxymonad cell types, or morphospecies. Through phylogenetic analysis, it was found that the genetic divergence of oxymonads is mainly constrained by strong selection. A total of 33 oxymonad ecotypes were predicted, indicating possible underlying mechanisms of coexistence of termite gut protists.
Article
Remote Sensing
Junyi Cheng, Xianfeng Zhang, Jie Huang
Summary: The neighborhood effect of environment characteristics is an important topic in social sciences, but defining a neighborhood and its aggregation scales are challenges. This study proposes a multiscale feature extraction and scale optimization framework to determine the optimal scale for each variable and build an optimized multiscale model. The framework includes methods for multiscale extraction and a random forest-based scale optimization method. The research demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework in urban burglary risk modeling.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Changpei He, Mingrui Ji, Tao Li, Xinyi Liu, Die Tang, Shifu Zhang, Yuzhou Luo, Michael L. Grieneisen, Zihang Zhou, Yu Zhan
Summary: Due to coarse spatial resolution, the CarbonTracker's XCO2 data fails to capture the spatial heterogeneity of XCO2. In this study, a machine learning model was developed to fill the data gaps in the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 satellite retrievals in China, yielding high cross-validation results. The filled data set revealed regional variations in XCO2, with the highest average in East China and the lowest in Northwest China.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Tom Gleeson, Thorsten Wagener, Petra Doell, Samuel C. Zipper, Charles West, Yoshihide Wada, Richard Taylor, Bridget Scanlon, Rafael Rosolem, Shams Rahman, Nurudeen Oshinlaja, Reed Maxwell, Min-Hui Lo, Hyungjun Kim, Mary Hill, Andreas Hartmann, Graham Fogg, James S. Famiglietti, Agnes Ducharne, Inge de Graaf, Mark Cuthbert, Laura Condon, Etienne Bresciani, Marc F. P. Bierkens
Summary: The article emphasizes the importance of continued modeling at both large-scale and regional-scale levels when it comes to groundwater models. It discusses evaluation methods for large-scale groundwater models, suggesting a combination of observation-based, model-based, and expert-based approaches. The article also encourages greater communication and cooperation among global hydrology and land surface modelers, local to regional hydrogeologists, and hydrologists focused on model development and evaluation to improve the representation of groundwater in large-scale models.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shadan Nasseri Doust, S. Abbas Haghshenas, Elizabeth E. Bishop, Michael J. Risk, C. A. Downs
Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive hydrodynamic analysis of Hanauma Bay, revealing significant aspects of current patterns and their influence on sunscreen pollutant behavior. The study identified the formation of parallel currents along the shoreline, resulting in increased pollutant retention time over sensitive reef areas. It also highlighted the importance of considering temporal dynamics and the interaction of microplastics with pollutants.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Maria Chara Karypidou, Eleni Katragkou, Stefan Pieter Sobolowski
Summary: The region of southern Africa is highly vulnerable to climate change and is projected to experience severe precipitation shortages. This study compares different satellite products and gauge-based datasets to assess the changes in the region. The results show good agreement between satellite and gauge-based products in spatial pattern and trends, but overestimated trends by regional climate simulations. The higher-resolution regional simulations performed better than global simulations in reproducing the annual cycle and extreme precipitation indices. However, reproducing key phenomena still poses a challenge for the models.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Denise Degen, Karen Veroy, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, Florian Wellmann
Summary: The societal importance of geothermal energy is increasing due to its low carbon footprint, but geothermal exploration faces high risks. Extensive parameter studies are necessary to improve understanding of the subsurface, with models requiring a large vertical extent for informative results. Global sensitivity studies and a physics-based machine learning approach, the reduced basis method, offer more efficient alternatives for detailed geothermal simulations.
ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alberto Baudena, Enrico Ser-Giacomi, Donatella D'Onofrio, Xavier Capet, Cedric Cotte, Yves Cherel, Francesco D'Ovidio
Summary: Oceanic frontal zones play a significant role in the distribution of primary producers and top predators, while their relationship with intermediate trophic levels is complex. Results show that higher fish concentrations are more likely to occur near strong Lagrangian Coherent Structures, but the presence of fine-scale features does not always lead to fish accumulation. Front intensity significantly modulates local fish concentration, especially in chlorophyll-rich waters.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Entomology
Sergey Ya. Reznik, Natalia D. Voinovich
Summary: The timing of maternal photoperiodic response of Trichogramma telengai to a single long night was investigated. The study found that the maternal photoperiodic response was extremely rapid, with a slight increase in diapause observed in the offspring hatched 8 hours after the start of the prolonged night. The percentage of diapausing progeny gradually increased over time, reaching 85-95% after 30-50 hours. These findings contribute to our understanding of insect photoperiodic response and have implications for future studies.
JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kun Gao, Lucas Harris, Morris Bender, Jan-Huey Chen, Linjiong Zhou, Thomas Knutson
Summary: High-resolution atmospheric models are valuable in predicting hurricane track and intensity. Optimizing small-scale convection activity leads to significantly improved hurricane track predictions, with a mean track error reduction of over 10% beyond 72-hour lead times. This study highlights the importance of explicit convection behavior in high-resolution models and its impact on larger-scale circulations and hurricane track predictions.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Michael B. Ashcroft, Angelica Casanova-Katny, Kerrie Mengersen, Todd N. Rosenstiel, Johanna D. Turnbull, Jane Wasley, Melinda J. Waterman, Gustavo E. Zuniga, Sharon A. Robinson
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS
(2016)
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Michael B. Ashcroft, Diana H. King, Ben Raymond, Johanna D. Turnbull, Jane Wasley, Sharon A. Robinson
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2017)
Letter
Ecology
Michael B. Ashcroft
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2018)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
John R. Gollan, Daniel Ramp, Michael B. Ashcroft
CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
(2014)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Eve Slavich, David I. Warton, Michael B. Ashcroft, John R. Gollan, Daniel Ramp
DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS
(2014)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
John R. Gollan, Daniel Ramp, Michael B. Ashcroft
INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY
(2015)
Article
Ecology
Michael B. Ashcroft, Mike Cavanagh, Mark D. B. Eldridge, John R. Gollan
JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2014)
Review
Plant Sciences
Daniel G. Gavin, Matthew C. Fitzpatrick, Paul F. Gugger, Katy D. Heath, Francisco Rodriguez-Sanchez, Solomon Z. Dobrowski, Arndt Hampe, Feng Sheng Hu, Michael B. Ashcroft, Patrick J. Bartlein, Jessica L. Blois, Bryan C. Carstens, Edward B. Davis, Guillaume de Lafontaine, Mary E. Edwards, Matias Fernandez, Paul D. Henne, Erin M. Herring, Zachary A. Holden, Woo-seok Kong, Jianquan Liu, Donatella Magri, Nicholas J. Matzke, Matt S. McGlone, Frederik Saltre, Alycia L. Stigall, Yi-Hsin Erica Tsai, John W. Williams
Article
Ecology
Richard E. Major, Michael B. Ashcroft, Adrian Davis
Article
Ecology
Jakub Stoklosa, Christopher Daly, Scott D. Foster, Michael B. Ashcroft, David I. Warton
METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2015)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sharon A. Robinson, Diana H. King, Jessica Bramley-Alves, Melinda J. Waterman, Michael B. Ashcroft, Jane Wasley, Johanna D. Turnbull, Rebecca E. Miller, Ellen Ryan-Colton, Taylor Benny, Kathryn Mullany, Laurencej Clarke, Linda A. Barry, Quan Hua
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2018)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Jonas J. Lembrechts, Juha Aalto, Michael B. Ashcroft, Pieter De Frenne, Martin Kopecky, Jonathan Lenoir, Miska Luoto, Ilya M. D. Maclean, Olivier Roupsard, Eduardo Fuentes-Lillo, Rafael A. Garcia, Loic Pellissier, Camille Pitteloud, Juha M. Alatalo, Stuart W. Smith, Robert G. Bjork, Lena Muffler, Amanda Ratier Backes, Simone Cesarz, Felix Gottschall, Joseph Okello, Josef Urban, Roman Plichta, Martin Svatek, Shyam S. Phartyal, Sonja Wipf, Nico Eisenhauer, Mihai Puscas, Pavel D. Turtureanu, Andrej Varlagin, Romina D. Dimarco, Alistair S. Jump, Krystal Randall, Ellen Dorrepaal, Keith Larson, Josefine Walz, Luca Vitale, Miroslav Svoboda, Rebecca Finger Higgens, H. Halbritter, Salvatore R. Curasi, Ian Klupar, Austin Koontz, William D. Pearse, Elizabeth Simpson, Michael Stemkovski, Bente Jessen Graae, Mia Vedel Sorensen, Toke T. Hoye, M. Rosa Fernandez Calzado, Juan Lorite, Michele Carbognani, Marcello Tomaselli, T'ai G. W. Forte, Alessandro Petraglia, Stef Haesen, Ben Somers, Koenraad Van Meerbeek, Mats P. Bjorkman, Kristoffer Hylander, Sonia Merinero, Mana Gharun, Nina Buchmann, Jiri Dolezal, Radim Matula, Andrew D. Thomas, Joseph J. Bailey, Dany Ghosn, George Kazakis, Miguel A. de Pablo, Julia Kemppinen, Pekka Niittynen, Lisa Rew, Tim Seipel, Christian Larson, James D. M. Speed, Jonas Ardo, Nicoletta Cannone, Mauro Guglielmin, Francesco Malfasi, Maaike Y. Bader, Rafaella Canessa, Angela Stanisci, Juergen Kreyling, Jonas Schmeddes, Laurenz Teuber, Valeria Aschero, Marek Ciliak, Frantisek Malis, Pallieter De Smedt, Sanne Govaert, Camille Meeussen, Pieter Vangansbeke, Khatuna Gigauri, Andrea Lamprecht, Harald Pauli, Klaus Steinbauer, Manuela Winkler, Masahito Ueyama, Martin A. Nunez, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Sylvia Haider, Ronja E. M. Wedegartner, Marko Smiljanic, Mario Trouillier, Martin Wilmking, Jan Altman, Josef Bruna, Lucia Hederova, Martin Macek, Matej Man, Jan Wild, Pascal Vittoz, Meelis Partel, Peter Barancok, Robert Kanka, Jozef Kollar, Andrej Palaj, Agustina Barros, Ana C. Mazzolari, Marijn Bauters, Pascal Boeckx, Jose-Luis Benito Alonso, Shengwei Zong, Valter Di Cecco, Zuzana Sitkova, Katja Tielboerger, Liesbeth van den Brink, Robert Weigel, Juergen Homeier, C. Johan Dahlberg, Sergiy Medinets, Volodymyr Medinets, Hans J. De Boeck, Miguel Portillo-Estrada, Lore T. Verryckt, Ann Milbau, Gergana N. Daskalova, Haydn J. D. Thomas, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Benjamin Blonder, Jorg G. Stephan, Patrice Descombes, Florian Zellweger, Esther R. Frei, Bernard Heinesch, Christopher Andrews, Jan Dick, Lukas Siebicke, Adrian Rocha, Rebecca A. Senior, Christian Rixen, Juan J. Jimenez, Julia Boike, Anibal Pauchard, Thomas Scholten, Brett Scheffers, David Klinges, Edmund W. Basham, Jian Zhang, Zhaochen Zhang, Charly Geron, Fatih Fazlioglu, Onur Candan, Jhonatan Sallo Bravo, Filip Hrbacek, Kamil Laska, Edoardo Cremonese, Peter Haase, Fernando E. Moyano, Christian Rossi, Ivan Nijs
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Pieter De Frenne, Jonathan Lenoir, Miska Luoto, Brett R. Scheffers, Florian Zellweger, Juha Aalto, Michael B. Ashcroft, Ditte M. Christiansen, Guillaume Decocq, Karen De Pauw, Sanne Govaert, Caroline Greiser, Eva Gril, Arndt Hampe, Tommaso Jucker, David H. Klinges, Irena A. Koelemeijer, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Ronan Marrec, Camille Meeussen, Jerome Ogee, Vilna Tyystjarvi, Pieter Vangansbeke, Kristoffer Hylander
Summary: Understanding forests' biodiversity and functions in relation to climate change requires integrating forest microclimates into ecological research. Future research should focus on unraveling the drivers and feedbacks of forest microclimates, mapping and predicting global and regional forest microclimates, and analyzing the impacts of microclimate on forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the face of climate change. The availability of microclimatic data will revolutionize our understanding of the dynamics and implications of forest microclimates on biodiversity and ecological functions.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Stef Haesen, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Pieter De Frenne, Jonathan Lenoir, Juha Aalto, Michael B. Ashcroft, Martin Kopecky, Miska Luoto, Ilya Maclean, Ivan Nijs, Pekka Niittynen, Johan van den Hoogen, Nicola Arriga, Josef Bruna, Nina Buchmann, Marek Ciliak, Alessio Collalti, Emiel De Lombaerde, Patrice Descombes, Mana Gharun, Ignacio Goded, Sanne Govaert, Caroline Greiser, Achim Grelle, Carsten Gruening, Lucia Hederova, Kristoffer Hylander, Jurgen Kreyling, Bart Kruijt, Martin Macek, Frantisek Malis, Matej Man, Giovanni Manca, Radim Matula, Camille Meeussen, Sonia Merinero, Stefano Minerbi, Leonardo Montagnani, Lena Muffler, Roma Ogaya, Josep Penuelas, Roman Plichta, Miguel Portillo-Estrada, Jonas Schmeddes, Ankit Shekhar, Fabien Spicher, Mariana Ujhazyova, Pieter Vangansbeke, Robert Weigel, Jan Wild, Florian Zellweger, Koenraad Van Meerbeek
Summary: Ecological research often uses coarse-gridded climate data based on standardized temperature measurements, which may not accurately represent forest microclimates. A study in Europe found significant differences between sub-canopy and free-air temperatures, with sub-canopy air temperatures averaging 2.1 degrees Celsius lower in summer and 2.0 degrees Celsius higher in winter. High-resolution forest sub-canopy temperature maps could improve modeling of biological processes and species distributions in the future.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Eva Gril, Fabien Spicher, Caroline Greiser, Michael B. B. Ashcroft, Sylvain Pincebourde, Sylvie Durrieu, Manuel Nicolas, Benoit Richard, Guillaume Decocq, Ronan Marrec, Jonathan Lenoir
Summary: Most statistical models of microclimate focus on the difference or offset between standardized air temperatures of specific habitats and macroclimate. This study proposes a more parsimonious and flexible approach using two parameters: slope and equilibrium, to establish a general linkage between microclimate and macroclimate temperatures. By installing temperature sensors in forest understoreys and nearby open grasslands across 13 sites in France, the study found that the slope was primarily determined by stand structure variables and the leaf-on/leaf-off period, while the equilibrium was positively related to mean macroclimate temperature and habitat type.
METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)