Article
Optics
V Palleschi
Summary: This paper discusses the effect of plasma inhomogeneity on the precision of determining Stark broadening coefficients, showing that the approximation of homogeneous plasma does not critically affect the validity of the results obtained when carefully chosen experimental conditions are used to limit self-absorption/self-reversal of the emission line, justifying the use of conventional LIBS experimental set-up for the determination of Stark broadening coefficients.
JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Mohamed Fikry, Ibraheem A. Alhijry, Abdelnasser M. Aboulfotouh, Ashraf M. El Sherbini
Summary: A linear Boltzmann plot was used to estimate the Stark broadening parameters of Cu(I) lines, generated by Nd:YAG laser on a pure copper target. Plasma parameters were recorded at different delay times to analyze their variations with electron density and temperature.
APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Milan S. Dimitrijevi, Magdalena D. Christova, Cristina Yubero, Sylvie Sahal-Brechot
Summary: Stark broadening parameters, full widths at half-maximum and shifts for 18 spectral lines of Fe XXV, broadened by collisions with electrons, protons and Fe XXVII ions, are calculated using the impact semiclassical perturbation formalism for various electron densities and temperatures relevant to neutron star atmospheres and their environment.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Milan S. Dimitrijevic, Magdalena D. Christova, Nenad Milovanovic, Sylvie Sahal-Brechot
Summary: Stark broadening parameters, full widths at half intensity maximum, and shifts for 34 multiplets of singly charged zinc ion were calculated using impact semiclassical perturbation formalism. The parameters due to collisions with electrons, protons, and helium ions were obtained for various electron densities and temperatures. The results were used to demonstrate the influence of Stark broadening mechanism on Zn II spectral lines in stellar atmospheres.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Spectroscopy
Jesus M. Anzano, Andres Cruz-Conesa, Roberto J. Lasheras, Cesar Marina-Montes, Luis Vicente Perez-Arribas, Jorge O. Caceres, Abrahan I. Velasquez, Vincenzo Palleschi
Summary: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a quick technique for analyzing various samples, including geological samples like soils, without the need for standard references. Calibration Free (CF) methodology can be used for multielemental quantitative analysis without standards, by studying the physical parameters of the plasma created by laser-sample interaction. By optimizing instrumental parameters, choosing appropriate spectral lines, and using signal to noise ratio (SNR) evaluation, high-quality spectral results can be obtained for complex samples like Antarctic soils.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Neslihan Basaran, Ahmet Capoglu
Summary: The addition of LiF, CaF2, and MgF2 in the glass resulted in successful densification and crystallisation after sintering. The activated energy values for crystallisation varied with different additives, but the major crystalline phases of the glass ceramics produced remained consistent.
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Irinel Tapalaga, Ivan Traparic, Nora Trklja Boca, Jagos Puric, Ivan P. Dojcinovic
Summary: This study investigates the Stark broadening caused by free electrons in plasma and its dependence on certain atomic parameters using a new method based on machine learning. By analyzing empirical data with ML algorithms, the study achieved greater success than classical methods and found that AI conclusions are applicable to a wider range of physical systems. The issue of infinite spectral line broadening for high ionization stages was resolved by AI with a saturation tendency.
NEURAL COMPUTING & APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Walid Foued Mahmoudi, Lamia Abu El Maati, Fatemah Alkallas, Nabil Ben Nessib, Sylvie Sahal-Brechot, Milan S. Dimitrijevic
Summary: Stark broadening parameters are widely used in various fields such as astrophysics, laser design, and plasma evaluation. This research focuses on obtaining new atomic data for Stark broadening of S II lines using semi-classical perturbation and modified semi-empirical theory with energy levels and oscillator strengths from NIST database. The calculated data is compared with experimental and theoretical data.
ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Zoran Simic, Nenad Milovanovic, Nenad Sakan, Miodrag Malovic
Summary: Stark broadening parameters including FWHM and shifts have been calculated for 11 Re II lines using the simplified modified semiempirical approach. The calculations were compared with Cowley's approximative Stark broadening formula at 10000 K, which is useful for spectrum synthesis. The results were also considered in the atmosphere model of A type star and for DB white dwarfs.
ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Evgeny Stambulchik, Carlos A. Iglesias
Summary: Spectral line broadening by plasmas can be computed by solving the equation of motion for the radiating system in a fluctuating potential obtained from computer simulations. Previous calculations have focused on the dipole term in the multipole expansion, but higher multipoles and plasma perturbers overlapping the bound electron wave functions become important at higher densities. By using analytical formulas for atomic matrix elements, a computer simulation approach that considers the full radiator-plasma interaction is developed, removing strong collision divergences and accounting for the plasma polarization shift. The model is applied to hydrogenic argon spectral lines in a dense argon plasma, relevant to plasma diagnostic techniques.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Milan S. Dimitrijevic, Magdalena D. Christova, Cristina Yubero
Summary: The electron-impact widths of 13 Si II multiplets belonging to the 3s3p(3Po)nl configuration have been calculated using a modified semiempirical method. These visible lines are of interest for the analysis and synthesis of stellar Si II lines, abundance determination, and modeling of stellar atmospheres. The obtained results have been compared with experimental and theoretical data and used for investigating regularities within supermultiplets.
ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Optics
J. Rosato
Summary: The shape of spectral lines in strongly magnetized plasmas is theoretically investigated in this paper, which belongs to the field of astrophysical research. It is found that the broadening of lines observed on white dwarf spectra is mainly dominated by the motional Stark effect caused by the Lorentz electric field v ($) over right arrow x B ($) over right arrow. The modification of motional Stark broadening is demonstrated through dedicated line shape calculations based on a stochastic model for the atomic velocity. A universal line shape formula applicable to any isolated atomic line is proposed for implementation in line shape codes.
JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qi Ni, Yanqun Zhu, Wenyu Zhu, Yong He, Zhihua Wan
Summary: In this study, four different calibration strategies were applied to coal analysis using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The prediction accuracy, precision, stability, and training velocity of four calibration models were compared. The results showed that support vector regression (SVR) and back-propagation training (BP) are the most promising calibration models in terms of prediction accuracy and precision. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) had better prediction stability and faster training velocity, while random forest (RF) performed worse than the other three models.
Article
Spectroscopy
Jhonny Frank Sousa Joca, Rodrigo Papai, Lidiane Cristina Nunes, Maciel Santos Luz, Francisco Jose Krug, Ivanise Gaubeur
Summary: A new calibration strategy using beeswax as a substrate for producing a synthetic multi-elemental calibration standard for LIBS has been proposed. The strategy was demonstrated by determining Fe, Mg, Si, Ti, and Zn in lubricant and cosmetic samples. Various internal standard calibrations were tested and compared for different elements, showing varying effectiveness.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Spectroscopy
Aya Taleb, Chao Shen, David Mory, Katarzyna Cieslik, Sven Merk, Muhammad R. Aziz, Anna Paola Caricato, Christoph Gerhard, Frederic Pelascini, Jorg Hermann
Summary: Echelle spectrometers allow for observing large spectral windows with high resolving power in single recordings, but are sensitive to temperature variations. A method using plasma emission from pulsed laser ablation of steel is proposed for rapid calibration checking and rectification.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Soil Science
Fei Ma, Xianglei Mao, Vassilia Zorba, Richard E. Russo, Jhanis Gonzalez, Changwen Du
Summary: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been utilized for estimating soil carbon content by detecting atomic carbon lines, with a challenge being interference from iron lines. By using a high-resolution spectrometer, suitable emission lines near 247.8561 nm can be identified to minimize overestimation of carbon content in soil samples. This method reduces the impact of interference, soil heterogeneity, and matrix effects, showing potential for quantifying soil carbon accurately.
Article
Optics
S. Farid, M. A. Kasem, A. F. Zedan, G. G. Mohamed, A. El-Hussein
Summary: This study investigated the use of non-destructive techniques like FTIR and AFM in discerning different papers and determining the chronological sequence of writing inks, finding that these techniques can be combined with VSC. Principal component analysis demonstrated satisfactory discrimination capacity between the 12 papers in the FTIR region of 830-1185 cm(-1).
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Khalid M. Hosny, Mohamed A. Kassem
Summary: This paper proposes a novel residual deep convolutional neural network (RDCNN) for skin lesion diagnosis. The RDCNN is trained and tested using various datasets, demonstrating superior performance in skin lesion classification.
JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Mohamed Abd El-Hady Kassem
Summary: This paper presents new classes generalizations of second-order (K, η)-pseudobonvexity functions and establishes a pair Mond-Weir type duality multiobjective nonlinear programs over these new classes generalizations. The weak duality, strong duality, converse duality, and self-duality theorems are presented under these generalizations functions. Two nontrivial numerical examples are introduced to illustrate the results of the weak duality theorem and strong duality theorem.
BULLETIN DES SCIENCES MATHEMATIQUES
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Liela Mohamed Ali, Raghda Hosny El-Saeid, Mohamed Abdel-Harith
Summary: This study evaluated the applications of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in differentiating maturity stages of tomato fruit. The results showed that LIF can accurately reflect the chlorophyll content of tomatoes, while LIBS can predict the firmness. These methods are simple and easily applicable without the need for laboratory work.
JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mohamed A. Kassem, Takeshi Waki, Yoshikazu Tabata, Hiroyuki Nakamura
Summary: We studied the phase diagram, structural and magnetic properties of magnetoplumbite-type Sr1-xBixFe12O19 under different oxygen potentials. We found that Bi substitues for Sr in SrFe12O19 and its solubility is determined by the reduction amount of Fe3+ to Fe2+. The doping of Bi3+ affects lattice parameters differently from La3+ doping, but both can provide similar functions in high-performance substituted M-type ferrites. We examined and compared the doping dependence of magnetic properties between Bi- and La-substituted cases.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mohamed Abdel-Harith, Rania M. Abdelazeem, Omnia Hamdy, Zienab Abdel-Salam
Summary: This study proposes a novel optical approach using an adaptive optics system to enhance the fluorescence intensity in laser-induced fluorescence technique. The proposed method compensates for the aberrations caused by the excitation laser wavefront, resulting in a significant improvement in fluorescence peak intensity. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Mohamed Abd El-Hady Kassem
Summary: In this article, the generalizations of the cone-preinvexity functions and their applications in multiple objective nonlinear programming problems are introduced. The second-order symmetric solutions under these generalizations are studied. Furthermore, the theorems of weak duality, strong duality, strict converse duality, and self-duality are established and proved by assuming the skew-symmetric functions under these generalizations. Finally, four nontrivial numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the correctness of the results of the weak and strong duality theorems.
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING
(2023)
Article
Optics
Ahmed H. Sheet, Omnia Hamdy, Mohamed Abdel-Harith
Summary: Optical clearing is a new method to improve the transparency of biological tissues by decreasing their scattering properties. This study investigated the optical parameters of bovine skeletal muscles under different clearing protocols. The results showed that the maximum clearing effect was achieved by irradiating the sample with an IR laser for 20 minutes and immersing it in glycerol for up to 18 minutes.
JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Dina Arabi, Omnia Hamdy, Mahmoud S. M. Mohamed, Zienab Abdel-Salam, Mohamed Abdel-Harith
Summary: Rapid and accurate identification of different pathogenic bacterial species is crucial for successful clinical diagnosis and treatment. Nano-enhanced LIBS combined with artificial neural network (ANN) model has been used to discriminate between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis. The results showed that NELIBS provides higher sensitivity and more intense spectral lines compared to conventional LIBS, with accuracy rates of 88% and 92% respectively.
Article
Mathematics
Mohamed Abd El-Hady Kassem, Huda M. Alshanbari
Summary: In this study, we introduce new concepts of higher-order type-I functions and higher-order pseudo-convexity type-I functions. The application of sublinear functionals to these concepts is crucial to our main findings. Furthermore, we establish and study six new types of higher-order duality models and programs for multiple objective nonlinear programming problems under these concepts. Additionally, we use these concepts to formulate and prove the theorems of weak duality, strong duality, and strict converse duality for these new six types of higher-order model programs.
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Information Systems
Rupendra Nath Mitra, Mohamed M. Kassem, Jon Larrea, Mahesh K. Marina
Summary: This study investigates the impact of CUPS hijacking on the overall network performance in a radio access network (RAN) slicing system. The results show that successful CUPS hijacking can increase control-plane signaling delay and disrupt control-plane operations by injecting low rate DoS traffic, leading to degradation of the throughput performances of malicious and victim slices. Additionally, carefully crafted user-plane traffic by the attacker can still achieve a high success rate while other slices are under denial of service attacks.
2021 IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORK SECURITY (CNS)
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Magdy Ibrahim Mohamed, Mohamed Aly Kassem, Rawia Mohamed Khalil, Mostafa Mohamed Younis, Asmaa Badawy Danvish, Abeer Salama, Marwa Anwar Wagdi
Summary: Betamethasone valerate-loaded niosomes were formulated for improved anti-inflammatory efficacy and reduced systemic side effects through prolonged and localized drug delivery into the skin. The niosomes showed good physicochemical stability and the niosomal gels exhibited favorable effects in both in-vitro and in-vivo studies.
BIOINTERFACE RESEARCH IN APPLIED CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Markus Altthaler, Erik Lysne, Erik Roede, Lilian Prodan, Vladimir Tsurkan, Mohamed A. Kassem, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Stephan Krohns, Istvan Kezsmarki, Dennis Meier
Summary: This study investigates the magnetic domain patterns of Fe3Sn2 using magnetic force microscopy, revealing the effects of geometrical confinement, magnetic fields, and their combination on the evolution of magnetic structures. The research demonstrates that magnetic fields and thickness play significant roles in influencing the magnetic patterns, and suggests that competing magnetic interactions can stabilize different types of topologically trivial and nontrivial spin structures in centrosymmetric magnets.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ruthmara Corzo, Tricia Hoffman, Troy Ernst, Tatiana Trejos, Ted Berman, Sally Coulson, Peter Weis, Aleksandra Stryjnik, Hendrik Dorn, Edward Chip Pollock, Michael Scott Workman, Patrick Jones, Brendan Nytes, Thomas Scholz, Huifang Xie, Katherine Igowsky, Randall Nelson, Kris Gates, Jhanis Gonzalez, Lisa-Mareen Voss, Jose Almirall
Summary: The study found that three techniques (refractive index, mu XRF, and LIBS) had high correct association rates for samples originating from the same source in forensic glass sample comparisons. Similarly, there were high correct exclusion rates for samples from different vehicles. Significant variations in reported conclusions between laboratories were observed, highlighting the need for standardization of reporting language.
FORENSIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Qian Wu, Li Tian, Xiangyu Shan, Huiling Li, Chao Li, Juan Lu
Summary: A novel ECL sensor was developed by modifying Fe3CuO4-Ru(bpy)3+ and GO-CdS@ZnS on the electrode for the detection of permethrin. The sensor exhibited high sensitivity and a wide detection range.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tingting Gong, Lei Liao, Bingying Jiang, Ruo Yuan, Yun Xiang
Summary: In this study, a fluorescent biosensing system for high sensitivity detection of MT was established using a new Ag+-stabilized DNA triplex probe (Ag+-SDTP) combined with catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and CRISPR/Cas12a signal enhancements. The sensing method is able to selectively detect MT from other non-specific molecules and can achieve low level detection of MT in diluted human serums, demonstrating its potential for monitoring disease-specific MT biomarker at trace levels.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Estrella Sanz Rodriguez, Kyra Wood, Paul R. Haddad, Brett Paull
Summary: This study presents a simple, rapid, and reliable method for determining boron in aqueous solutions using suppressed ion chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The method achieved a low limit of detection and demonstrated excellent analytical performance.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Aline Cournut, Paul Moustiez, Yannick Coffinier, Christine Enjalbal, Claudia Bich
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a major cause of senile dementia and is characterized by the aggregation of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques in the brain. The A beta 1-42 peptide is considered the primary cause of neurotoxicity due to its insolubility and subsequent aggregation. A beta 1-42 and A beta 1-40 have been identified as relevant biomarkers for AD diagnosis, and SurfaceAssisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SALDI-MS) was used to monitor the A beta 1-42/A beta 1-40 ratio without prior sample treatment.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dotse Selali Chormey, Buse Tugba Zaman, Tulay Borahan Kustanto, Sezin Erarpat Bodur, Suleyman Bodur, Elif Ozturk Er, Sezgin Bakirdere
Summary: This review provides an overview of the harmful effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on human health and introduces the methods for analyzing EDCs. Recent research has focused on using green chemicals, such as deep eutectic solvents (DESs), for microextraction to ensure environmental safety.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yan Zhang, Renfeng Xu, Jingjing Wu, Zhenghong Zhang, Yuhuang Wang, Hongqin Yang, Sheng Zhang
Summary: This study visualized the pore-like structures in prostate cancer cell membranes after treatment with the anticancer drug paclitaxel, demonstrating its mechanism of action related to oxidative damage.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Chihong Ma, Qin Zhou, Jinjin Shi, Hua Gao, Di Huang, Huimin Xue, Han Wang, Zhenzhong Zhang, Sen Yang, Junli Zhang, Kaixiang Zhang
Summary: We developed a CRISPR-empowered electrochemical biosensor, named PER-E-CRISPR, for amplification-free and sensitive detection of miR-21. The biosensor combines the advantages of CRISPR/Cas13a and primer exchange reaction (PER) for target amplification. Under optimized conditions, the PER-E-CRISPR assay exhibits a linear range from 10-13 to 10-7 M and a limit of detection of 30.2 fM. The biosensor shows excellent performance in actual plasma, indicating promising prospects for miRNA detection in molecular diagnosis.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Gang Liang, Jie Zhao, Yufei Gao, Tao Xie, Jianhui Zhen, Ligang Pan, Wenwen Gong
Summary: Molecular docking (MD) analysis is widely used for studying the interaction between aptamers and small molecules. This study established steady-state aptamers of tertiary structures (SATS) using specific aptamers of tetracycline antibiotics as docking models. Molecular docking results revealed multiple binding sites in the SATS of aptamers, with significant variations in binding free energy (BFE) and docking score (DS). The study also proposed a method for MD analysis based on SATS, providing insights into binding mode and predicting binding sites.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yixuan Xu, Changchang Teng, Huiping Dang, Dalong Yin, Lifeng Yan
Summary: Stable organic radical molecules with high NIR fluorescence quantum efficiency have been synthesized and encapsulated into nanoparticles, which show great potential for both photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yu Su, Dandan Yang, Yanjie Wang, Jie Ding, Lan Ding, Daqian Song
Summary: In this study, a highly selective molecularly imprinted polymer Cu-MIPs@CS was designed and synthesized for bisphenol A (BPA). Cu-MIPs@CS showed significantly enhanced imprinting factor and selective factor towards BPA compared to MIPs@CS. It also exhibited superior discrimination ability between BPA and its structural analogue. Additionally, Cu-MIPs@CS were successfully applied as a solid phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of BPA in drinking water samples.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yi Qiao, Qiongdan Zhang, Yukun He, Tianguang Cheng, Jing Tu
Summary: Single cell heterogeneity plays an important role in many biological phenomena, and distinguishing cells with specific mutations is beneficial for clinical diagnosis and drug screening. This study introduces a gel plate platform that can distinguish cell types based on their phenotypes, with low equipment requirement. The gel platform has potential in point-of-care circumstances and single-cell stimulation responses that prioritize efficiency and simplicity.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Chengke Wang, Shuyang Sun, Ping Wang, Huawei Zhao, Wenling Li
Summary: The food safety of aquatic products is a global concern. Nanotechnology-based analyses have advantages in the detection of bacteria, metal ions, and small molecule contaminants. This review summarizes the recent advances in biosensing strategies for aquatic products and highlights the application of nanomaterials, lateral flow-based biosensors, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, microfluidic chips, and molecular imprinting technologies.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Liping Zhu, Zeng Tang, Xuemei Zhang, Li Zhu, Tian Meng, Linying Yu, Ting Xiao, Shasha Lu, Xiaoli Xiong, Xiurong Yang
Summary: A sensitive off-on electrochemiluminescence DNA sensor was developed using Exo III-assisted cascade amplification system. The sensor achieved high selectivity and ultra-high sensitivity in detecting target DNA by utilizing ECL and SPR effects. This study provides a new perspective for designing highly sensitive and programmable ECL biosensors.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tong Li, Mengxu Sun, Suping Xia, Ting Huang, Rong-Tian Li, Chunrong Li, Zong Dai, Jin-Xiang Chen, Jun Chen, Nuan Jia
Summary: Here, we developed a binary system based on DNA tetrahedron and fluorogenic RNA aptamers for highly specific and label-free mRNA imaging in living cells. This system achieved high specificity label-free detection of nucleic acids with a detection limit of 1.34 nM. The method has potential applications in early disease diagnosis and new drug development.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yao Zhao, Shu Zhang, Wang Yao, Yuxuan Zhu, Jing Qian, Juan Yang, Nianjun Yang
Summary: A new hierarchical nanostructured composite with high conductivity and catalytic activity is synthesized. The sensor exhibits significant catalytic effect and high sensitivity for monitoring the environmental endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA).