Article
Cell Biology
Mohammad Alfatah, Liang Cui, Corinna Jie Hui Goh, Trishia Yi Ning Cheng, Yizhong Zhang, Arshia Naaz, Jin Huei Wong, Jacqueline Lewis, Wei Jie Poh, Prakash Arumugam
Summary: This study demonstrates that differential glucose metabolism activates TORC1 through three distinct pathways in yeast. The first pathway requires conversion of glucose to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, the second pathway involves conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate and mitochondrial function, and the third pathway requires complete glycolysis and vacuolar ATPase reassembly.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yui Jin, Natsuko Jin, Yu Oikawa, Ron Benyair, Michiko Koizumi, Thomas E. Wilson, Yoshinori Ohsumi, Lois S. Weisman
Summary: The vacuole/lysosome plays a crucial role in cell growth and cell cycle progression via the TORC1 pathway. Bur1, an essential cyclin-dependent kinase, cooperates with TORC1 to regulate cell cycle progression, with mutations in BUR1 showing synthetic growth defects and high sensitivity to rapamycin. Together, Bur1 and TORC1 are required for the activation of Sch9 to promote cell cycle progression.
Article
Biology
Mirai Tanigawa, Katsuyoshi Yamamoto, Satoru Nagatoishi, Koji Nagata, Daisuke Noshiro, Nobuo N. Noda, Kouhei Tsumoto, Tatsuya Maeda
Summary: The study reveals that Pib2 acts as both a glutamine sensor and a direct TORC1 activator in budding yeast, providing a new model for the metabolic control of cells.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Riko Hatakeyama
Summary: Cell growth is dynamically regulated by external cues through the TORC1 complex, in which the Pib2 protein has been identified as a critical regulator of nutrient signal transmission. Despite being in the early stages of study, insights into Pib2's role in relaying nutrient signals to TORC1 have been provided by multiple research groups, with significant gaps in our understanding and mysteries still requiring further investigation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Igor Khmelinskii, Vladimir Makarov
Summary: ATP production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells is accelerated by both direct and indirect mitochondrial photo-activation (MPA). Direct MPA directly activates cytochrome c, while indirect MPA uses electronically excited cytochrome c generated by energy transfer from a Co/BN film to activate ATP synthesis. The findings support the hypothesis of indirect MPA in ATP production in the vertebrate retina.
JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cecilia Primo, Catherine Navarre, Francois Chaumont, Bruno Andre
Summary: This research discovered that TORC1 activity in tobacco cells is strongly influenced by the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPases. When H+-ATPases are stimulated by fusicoccin, TORC1 activity can be activated. These results suggest that plant H+-ATPases play an important role in TOR signaling.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Anna M. Kabala, Krystyna Binko, Francois Godard, Camille Charles, Alain Dautant, Emilia Baranowska, Natalia Skoczen, Kewin Gombeau, Marine Bouhier, Hubert D. Becker, Sharon H. Ackerman, Lars M. Steinmetz, Deborah Tribouillard-Tanvier, Roza Kucharczyk, Jean-Paul Di Rago
Summary: The yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase is composed of multiple subunits, some encoded by mitochondrial genes and others by nuclear genes. Subunit 6 and 9 are involved in proton transport across the mitochondrial inner membrane and are synthesized in both cytosol and mitochondria. Translation modifications and cis-regulatory sequences play a role in the assembly and gene expression control of subunit 6 and 9.
Article
Microbiology
Madelaine M. Usey, Diego Huet
Summary: Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix (CHCH) domains play important roles in the biogenesis and function of mitochondria. Recent investigations found CHCH domain-containing subunits in the Toxoplasma gondii ATP synthase, but their function was unclear. This study demonstrates the essential role of two T. gondii ATP synthase subunits containing CHCH domains in parasite survival and ATP synthase stability and function. Knockdown of these subunits disrupts multiple aspects of mitochondrial morphology and mutation of key residues in the CHCH domains causes protein mis-localization.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mehtab Khan, Yann Baussan, Etienne Hebert-Chatelain
Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to the pathophysiology of depression, as evidenced by impaired expression of mitochondrial genes, damage to mitochondrial membrane proteins and lipids, disruption of the electron transport chain, higher oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis in preclinical models and patients with depression. Understanding the mechanisms underlying depression and identifying phenotypes and biomarkers related to mitochondrial dysfunction are crucial for early diagnosis and the development of new treatments for this debilitating disorder.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Yuichi Morozumi, Kazuhiro Shiozaki
Summary: TORC1 is a conserved serine/threonine-protein kinase complex in eukaryotes that plays a critical role in coordinating cellular growth and metabolism. Aberrant TORC1 signaling is associated with cancers and various human diseases. Studies on RAG small GTPases and their regulators have led to breakthroughs in understanding the molecular bases of TORC1 regulation, revealing both conserved and divergent mechanisms between yeasts and mammals.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chang-Lin Chen, Ying-Chieh Chen, Wei-Ling Huang, Steven Lin, Rimantas Daugelavicius, Alexander Rapoport, Chuang-Rung Chang
Summary: This study found that yeast cells that went through stationary growth phase have a better survival rate after dehydration/rehydration, while dynamic defective cells with reduced mitochondrial genome cannot maintain the mitochondrial activity and survival rate of wild type cells. Yeast cells are able to balance mitochondrial fusion and fission according to growth conditions, thus enhancing dehydration resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhou Xu, Renshan Zhang, Meijing Yang, Yee-Song Law, Feng Sun, Ngai Lung Hon, Sai Ming Ngai, Boon Leong Lim
Summary: The balance between chloroplasts and mitochondria is crucial for energy metabolism in plant cells. Overexpression of AtPAP2 can coordinate the activities of these organelles to promote plant growth, but excessive expression in either chloroplasts or mitochondria may have negative effects on plant productivity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Raquel Moreno-Loshuertos, Nieves Movilla, Joaquin Marco-Brualla, Ruth Soler-Agesta, Patricia Ferreira, Jose Antonio Enriquez, Patricio Fernandez-Silva
Summary: Mitochondrial ATP synthase plays a crucial role in ATP production and is associated with various human diseases. A mouse cell line with the first mt-Atp6 pathological mutation was generated and characterized, showing similarities to human diseases caused by MT-ATP6 mutations. The mutant cells exhibited impaired ATP synthesis, defective OXPHOS activity, and altered mitochondrial function. Additionally, they displayed reduced tumorigenic potential, suggesting a potential protective role of ATP synthase inhibition in certain cancer types.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Tyler N. Starr, Allison J. Greaney, Cameron M. Stewart, Alexandra C. Walls, William W. Hannon, David Veesler, Jesse D. Bloomid
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to undergo mutations in the spike receptor-binding domain, affecting biochemical properties related to ACE2 receptor binding, folding stability, and antibody recognition. This study investigates the effects of these mutations in the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants, showing potential changes in function compared to the ancestral strain. The research highlights the importance of ongoing surveillance and understanding the mutational landscape for effective monitoring and control of the virus.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elie Saliba, Cecilia Primo, Nadia Guarini, Bruno Andre
Summary: The study shows that the plant plasma-membrane H+-ATPase PMA2 can substitute for yeast Pma1 to promote TORC1 activation upon H+-coupled nutrient uptake. Additionally, it was found that hindering the binding of PMA2 to 14-3-3 proteins impairs its activation ability.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)