Article
Physics, Applied
Jael Giguere, Christian Lacroix, Felix Dupuis-Desloges, Jean-Hughes Fournier-Lupien, Frederic Sirois
Summary: Copper-stabilized second generation high-temperature superconductor coated conductors were modified to enhance their normal zone propagation velocity. A novel tape architecture called hybrid-current flow diverter was investigated to increase the current transfer length for enhancing the normal zone propagation velocity.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Christian Lacroix, Jael Giguere, Simon-Mathieu Bergeron Hartman, Haifa Ben Saad, Anthony Martin, Thomas Leduc, Maxime Gendron-Paul, Zakaria Bellil, Jean-Hughes Fournier-Lupien, Lucile Moret, Pedro Barusco, Xavier Granados, Xavier Obradors, Marcela Pekarcikova, Fedor Gomory, Veit Grosse, Markus Bauer, Frederic Sirois
Summary: In this study, the normal zone propagation velocity (NZPV) of three different REBCO tape architectures designed for superconducting fault current limiters and high voltage direct current transmission systems was measured experimentally and numerically simulated. The results showed that the NZPV varied significantly depending on the tape architectures, and the dynamic current transfer length (CTL) was found to be the key factor determining the NZPV.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jun Zhou, Justin Schwartz
Summary: The study reveals that the hot spot temperature, normal zone length, and temperature rising rate exhibit exponential functions in a specific range, with minimal influence from different heat disturbance parameters. These findings suggest potential applications in quench detection and protection schemes for HTS YBCO pancake magnets.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
P. Barusco, J. Giguere, C. Lacroix, F. Sirois, X. Granados, T. Puig, X. Obradors
Summary: This study presents a detailed fabrication route for the buffer-layers-CFD architecture using a solid-vapor silver sulfurization technique, and analyzes the performance of the trilayer structure processed under different conditions. The results show that this architecture allows for faster generation of electric potential, with a strong enhancement effect.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Liyuan Liu, Chengdong Chai, Ye Yang, Yunpeng Zhu, Xifeng Pan, Xinsheng Yang, Yong Zhao
Summary: This article investigates the quench propagation characteristics of REBCO coated conductors impregnated with different epoxy, validating the quench parameters obtained from experimental results and highlighting the importance of maintaining a relatively high thermal conductivity of epoxy to decrease quench damage.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mtangi Mohamed Mussa, Hyun Sung Noh, Minkyu Sun, Jongsung Lee, Hyung-Wook Kim, Young-Sik Jo, Seog-Whan Kim, Nuru Ramadhan Mlyuka, Haigun Lee
Summary: This study explored the use of a mixture of V2O3 and Mo particles to improve the thermal stability of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils. The findings showed that the V2O3:Mo-insulated coil exhibited better quench energy and normal-zone propagation velocities at lower operating currents.
CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Rui Kang, Juan Wang, Qingjin Xu
Summary: This manuscript presents theoretical and numerical analyses on using a co-wound and insulated NbTi low temperature superconducting wire as a quench detector in coils wound with high temperature superconducting tapes. The study confirms the significant difference in temperature dependence of critical current between LTS and HTS, and suggests that LTS quench detectors should have low matrix fraction or high matrix resistivity to enhance their ability. Heat transfer between cable and detector is important, but a poor heat transfer condition is tolerable. The study also shows that Nb3Sn, Nb3Al, and MgB2 have potential as quench detectors at field beyond 15 T, with some degradation in wire performance being acceptable.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
T. Galvin, G. A. Kirby, D. Coll, F. J. Mangiarotti, W. Wu, X. Ou, Q. Xu, S. Zheng, T. Nakamoto, K. Suzuki
Summary: Superconducting magnet protection needs to address the issues of hot-spot temperatures and circuit voltages. The use of varistors can enable more energy extraction or reduce peak voltage, providing important protection for superconducting magnets. This article covers the principles of varistors and presents three case studies.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jiannan Song, Zhongtang Xu, Xuming Xiong, Wen Yuan, Chiheng Dong, Qiao Sun, Minghui Tang, Wanping Chen, Huanfang Tian, Jianqi Li, Yanwei Ma
Summary: By using interface engineering and controlling the layer thickness, high-performance FeSe0.5Te0.5 superconducting films with a thickness of up to 2 μm have been successfully prepared. The interface engineering reduces the thickness effect and improves the critical current density. The optimal film thickness is 400 nm, with a critical current density of 1.3 MA/cm² at 4.2K under self-field and 0.71 MA/cm² (H parallel to ab) and 0.50 MA/cm² (H parallel to c) at 9T.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
F. Gomory, J. Souc, M. Mosat
Summary: Using superconductors for high voltage DC transport over long distances presents an opportunity for wider applications, with high temperature superconductor tapes serving as a unique solution for protecting high-capacity connections against fault currents. However, non-uniformity of critical current along the coated conductors length is a common issue that may lead to hot spot formation, potentially escaping detection by monitoring systems.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
N. Bykovskiy, H. Bajas, O. Dicuonzo, P. Bruzzone, K. Sedlak
Summary: High-temperature superconductors provide unique operating conditions for fusion magnets, but their protection in case of thermal runaway (quench) is a technological challenge. The slow propagation of a resistive zone due to local defects or insufficient cooling can lead to a risky hot-spot temperature. Experimental studies have evaluated critical values of electric field and temperature in sub-scale conductors and measured quench propagation using distributed voltage taps and temperature sensors. Advanced quench detection methods based on superconducting insulated wires and fiber optics have also been investigated.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xijie Luo, Yifan Zhao, Yusuke Sogabe, Hisaki Sakamoto, Satoshi Yamano, Naoyuki Amemiya
Summary: The study experimentally simulated thermal runaway in coated conductors to investigate the impact of local defects and magnetic field distribution on thermal runaway, as well as the effect of transverse currents on initiating thermal runaway in multifilament conductors. Experiments on protection against thermal runaway were also conducted to compare thresholds for protecting monofilament and multifilament coated conductors.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yi-Wen Zhang, Gui-Lin She
Summary: This paper aims to explore the propagation characteristics of longitudinal and flexural waves in fluid-conveying pipes, considering the variation of material properties based on a power function of thickness and the influence of temperature on both fluid and pipe materials. Numerical analysis reveals that temperature and functional gradient index decrease phase and group velocities, while liquid flow velocity increases them. However, for vibration problems, all three factors reduce the natural frequency.
STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Guangwei Xu, Yusuke Sogabe, Naoyuki Amemiya
Summary: We experimentally studied the quench characteristics of a coated conductor wound spirally on a round metal core, similar to CORC cables. By using a simple sample configuration, we measured voltages along the coated conductor, core, and between them. The calculated hot-spot temperature and current sharing analysis provide insights into reducing hot-spot temperature.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Huang Chen, Hua-jun Liu, Fang Liu, Yi Shi
Summary: The study focuses on the design of an insert set-up at the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the estimation of normal zone propagation velocity (Vnzp) and minimum quench energy (MQE). Experimental temperature dependence of Vnzp is compared with a simplified adiabatic model for high temperature superconductors.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Nicolo Riva, Francesco Grilli, Frederic Sirois, Christian Lacroix, Arooj Akbar, Bertrand Dutoit
Summary: A good understanding of material properties is crucial for modeling high-temperature superconductor devices, but limited knowledge of electrical resistivity of coated conductors above critical current poses challenges. Researchers extracted overcritical current data and found that electrical resistivity and silver layer thickness are key parameters affecting model accuracy. An optimization method combining resistance measurements and pulsed current tests was developed to minimize uncertainties and improve accurate estimation of resistivity in the overcritical current regime.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Jean-Hughes Fournier-Lupien, Frederic Sirois, Christian Lacroix
Summary: This study reexamines the concept of current transfer length (CTL) in second-generation high-temperature superconductor coated conductors with a current flow diverter (CFD) architecture using experimental and numerical approaches. The study implemented the CFD architecture on eight commercial coated conductor samples from THEVA and measured the 2D current distribution in the silver stabilizer layer using a custom-made array of 120 voltage taps. The 'static' CTL (lambda(s)) was then determined.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Bruno de Sousa Alves, Marc Laforest, Frederic Sirois
Summary: This article presents a new 3-D thin-shell model for electromagnetic modeling of arbitrary HTS tape configurations. The model can accurately calculate nonuniform current distributions and losses, while reducing computational burden.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
P. Tixador, A. Akbar, M. Bauer, M. Bocchi, A. Calleja, C. Creusot, G. Deutscher, F. Gomory, M. Noe, X. Obradors, M. Pekarcikova, F. Sirois
Summary: The EU FASTGRID project aimed to improve the REBCO conductor for the Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) by investigating two approaches: reducing tape length and improving tape cost and performance. Several new conductors and technologies have been developed and successfully tested, showing promising results for enhancing the economical attractiveness of SFCL.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Bruno de Sousa Alves, Valtteri Lahtinen, Marc Laforest, Frederic Sirois
Summary: This paper presents a novel finite-element approach for electromagnetic modeling of superconducting coated conductors with transport currents. By combining a thin-shell method with the H-phi formulation, the computational burden and meshing difficulties associated with these conductors are reduced. The proposed model is shown to be promising for large-scale superconducting applications due to its reduction in computational cost without compromising accuracy.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Christian Lacroix, Jael Giguere, Simon-Mathieu Bergeron Hartman, Haifa Ben Saad, Anthony Martin, Thomas Leduc, Maxime Gendron-Paul, Zakaria Bellil, Jean-Hughes Fournier-Lupien, Lucile Moret, Pedro Barusco, Xavier Granados, Xavier Obradors, Marcela Pekarcikova, Fedor Gomory, Veit Grosse, Markus Bauer, Frederic Sirois
Summary: In this study, the normal zone propagation velocity (NZPV) of three different REBCO tape architectures designed for superconducting fault current limiters and high voltage direct current transmission systems was measured experimentally and numerically simulated. The results showed that the NZPV varied significantly depending on the tape architectures, and the dynamic current transfer length (CTL) was found to be the key factor determining the NZPV.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Gregory Giard, Maxime Tousignant, Kevin McMeekin, Federico Bellono, Philippe Bocher, Frederic Sirois
Summary: This article summarizes different levels of simplification for nonlinear and hysteretic B-H curves in finite element modeling (FEM) simulations of induction heating processes. A simple algorithm based on the reworked diffusion equation system is presented, allowing for a new power-equivalent model with nearly zero error on power density profiles in 1-D problems. The obtained equivalent complex permeability is then applied in time-harmonic (TH) simulations in 2-D and 3-D, resulting in smaller errors on losses compared to coenergy-based models, as well as significantly lower computational cost compared to time-transient simulations.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Barbara Maria Oliveira Santos, Gabriel dos Santos, Frederic Sirois, Roberto Brambilla, Rubens de Andrade Junior, Felipe Sass, Guilherme Goncalves Sotelo, Francesco Grilli
Summary: This article explains how to model HTS coils with different coupling scenarios in COMSOL Multiphysics using the T-A formulation. It compares and discusses the current density distributions and AC losses of coils in different coupling scenarios, while also pointing out the limits of applicability of the presented approach.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Alexandre Arsenault, Bruno de Sousa Alves, Gregory Giard, Frederic Sirois
Summary: The growing interest in fast and accurate simulation methods of the electromagnetic behavior of high-temperature superconducting materials has led to significant developments in recent years. The H-f) formulation has gained traction as a way to speed up simulations, but high-order shape functions were previously needed for sufficient accuracy. In this article, a magnetodynamic H-f) formulation is implemented using Faraday's law in air domains, leading to better convergence, more accurate solutions, and a slight speed advantage compared to the previously used H-f) formulation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Alexandre Arsenault, Frederic Sirois
Summary: The current methods for magnetic drug delivery face challenges in generating adequate forces in deep tissues. This study compares two different methods of generating magnetic forces using high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bulks through finite element method simulations. The results show that the forces generated by HTS bulks are either complementary to or stronger than those generated by ferromagnetic (FM) cores. Therefore, HTS bulks have the potential to navigate magnetic particles more efficiently in the deep tissues of the human vascular network.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
A. Arsenault, B. Charpentier-Pepin, A. Forcier, N. Nassiri, J. Bellemare, C. Lacroix, D. Menard, F. Sirois, F. Bernier, J. -m. Lamarre
Summary: This article presents a vibrating coil magnetometer designed to measure the field dependence of the critical current density of centimeter-sized bulk superconductors, providing a non-destructive alternative to traditional methods. The magnetometer is also capable of measuring the magnetic moment in applied fields up to 5 T for various magnetic materials. The magnetometer was optimized and calibrated using finite element simulations and commercial vibrating sample magnetometers, and its performance was verified through hysteresis measurements of different materials.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Christian Messe, Nicolo Riva, Sofia Viarengo, Gregory Giard, Frederic Sirois
Summary: This paper highlights the importance of predicting the performance and reliability of HTS cables and magnets using novel mixed finite element formulations. It introduces the BELFEM code structure and validates its implementation against benchmark simulations. The paper also outlines future plans for developing more advanced modeling capabilities.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Christian Lacroix, Kaan Oguz, John Michael David Coey, David Menard
Summary: The substitution of iron atoms by chromium in CoFeB films has been proposed to reduce the critical current density J(c) for current-driven magnetization switching in spin transfer torque devices by reducing its magnetization. The effect of Cr on the magnetic damping has remained elusive. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements were used to study the different mechanisms of FMR damping in Co40Fe40-xCrxB20 thin films. The results showed that the addition of Cr increases the spin-orbit damping but reduces the magnetic relaxation rate.
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Jean Langot, Etienne Gourcerol, Anamaria Serbescu, David Brassard, Kambiz Chizari, Maxime Lapalme, Alexandra Desautels, Frederic Sirois, Daniel Therriault
Summary: This study investigates the performance of non-woven nickel-coated carbon fibers with varying sheet resistivity as potential solutions for lightning strike protection of composite aircraft. The results show that nickel-coated carbon fibers are lighter than expanded copper foil and provide 100% retention of flexural strength after lightning strike.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jean-Hughes Fournier-Lupien, Christian Lacroix, Jeong Huh, Jean-Philippe Masse, Jonathan Bellemare, Frederic Sirois
Summary: This paper presents a study on HTS coated conductor samples with added CeOx layer, showing a clear degradation of the superconducting layer in samples with thicker CeOx layer after annealing at 450 degrees C. EDS analysis reveals a reduction in barium content in the superconducting layer, which may explain the decrease in critical current observed.