Article
Clinical Neurology
Mate Elod Maros, Caspar Brekenfeld, Gabriel Broocks, Hannes Leischner, Rosalie McDonough, Milani Deb-Chatterji, Anna Alegiani, Gotz Thomalla, Jens Fiehler, Fabian Flottmann
Summary: This study indicates that in endovascular therapy for acute large-vessel occlusion in stroke patients, more than 3 retrieval attempts are significantly associated with an increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, while baseline Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score of around 8-9 or 10 serves as important protective factors against intracranial hemorrhage.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Minwoo Lee, Chul-Ho Kim, Yerim Kim, Min Uk Jang, Hee Jung Mo, Sang-Hwa Lee, Jae-Sung Lim, Kyung-Ho Yu, Byung-Chul Lee, Mi Sun Oh
Summary: The triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) is a reliable marker of insulin resistance that can predict poor functional outcomes after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients who undergo reperfusion therapy. High TyG index levels may indicate a higher risk of poor functional outcomes for AIS patients receiving reperfusion therapy.
CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Osama O. Zaidat, David S. Liebeskind, Ashutosh P. Jadhav, Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez, Thanh N. Nguyen, Diogo C. Haussen, Dileep R. Yavagal, Michael T. Froehler, Reza Jahan, Raul G. Nogueira, Tom L. Yao, Bader A. Alenzi, Saif Bushnaq, Nils H. Mueller-Kronast
Summary: The study found that younger patients (<65 years) with large core infarction (ASPECTS 0-5) have better rates of functional independence and lower mortality rates compared to patients over 75 years of age.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Yoonkyung Chang, Ho Geol Woo, Ji Sung Lee, Tae-Jin Song
Summary: The study found that regular oral hygiene behavior was negatively associated with the risk of stroke occurrence, while irregular oral hygiene care was positively associated. Brushing one's teeth three or more times daily may be linked to a lower risk of stroke.
JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yerim Kim, Jong Seok Bae, Ju-Young Lee, Hong Ki Song, Ju-Hun Lee, Minwoo Lee, Chulho Kim, Sang-Hwa Lee
Summary: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) in Asian patients differs from that in Western patients in terms of NOTCH3 mutation sites, age at symptom onset, prevalence of cerebral microbleeds and hemorrhagic stroke, clinical symptoms, and severity of white matter hyperintensities. Ethnicity and founder effects contribute to these differences in the clinical spectrum of NOTCH3 mutations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shuaiyu Chen, E. Yan, Xiaohao Zhang, Bin Wei, Siyu Wang, Zhaohan Xu, Pengyu Gong, Yi Xie, Chunhua Qin, Yingdong Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to determine the association between the novel metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in ischemic stroke patients. The results showed an independent association between higher METS-IR and sICH. Adding METS-IR to the conventional model significantly improved the risk prediction for sICH.
NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE AND TREATMENT
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anxin Wang, Guangyao Wang, Qian Liu, Yingting Zuo, Shuohua Chen, Boni Tao, Xue Tian, Penglian Wang, Xia Meng, Shouling Wu, Yongjun Wang, Yilong Wang
Summary: Elevated levels of both baseline and long-term updated cumulative average TyG index can independently predict stroke and ischemic stroke but not intracerebral hemorrhage in the general population during an 11-year follow-up. The study found a linear association between TyG index and stroke outcomes, with higher TyG index associated with increased risk of stroke.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Rathi Ratha Krishnan, Edgar Quan Yi Yeo, Chien Joo Lim, Karen Sui Geok Chua
Summary: This study compared inpatient rehabilitation outcomes between different subtypes of stroke and identified predictors of discharge outcomes. Despite the initial severity of stroke being worse in intracerebral hemorrhage patients, they achieved similar functional gains, independence levels, and return-home rates compared to cerebral infarction patients after inpatient rehabilitation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yoonkyung Chang, Chi Kyung Kim, Min-Kyung Kim, Woo-Keun Seo, Kyungmi Oh
Summary: Insulin resistance is associated with poor prognosis in non-diabetic stroke patients, indicating the importance of treating insulin resistance in acute ischemic stroke patients with normal blood glucose levels.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Masayuki Shiozawa, Masatoshi Koga, Hiroshi Inoue, Takeshi Yamashita, Masahiro Yasaka, Shinya Suzuki, Masaharu Akao, Hirotsugu Atarashi, Takanori Ikeda, Ken Okumura, Yukihiro Koretsune, Wataru Shimizu, Hiroyuki Tsutsui, Atsushi Hirayama, Jin Nakahara, Satoshi Teramukai, Tetsuya Kimura, Yoshiyuki Morishima, Atsushi Takita, Takenori Yamaguchi, Kazunori Toyoda
Summary: This study aimed to compare the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic stroke in elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus warfarin in a real-world setting. The results showed that patients on DOACs had lower risks of ischemic stroke, ICH, and subdural/epidural hemorrhage compared to those on warfarin.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Supaporn Kulthinee, Lijiang Wang, Naohiro Yano, Patrycja M. Dubielecka, Ling X. Zhang, Shougang Zhuang, Gangjian Qin, Yu Tina Zhao, Yue Eugene Chin, Ting C. Zhao
Summary: This study found that irisin plays a protective role in hemorrhage by improving cardiac function and insulin sensitivity. Hemorrhage resulted in decreased cardiac performance, increased insulin resistance, and enhanced inflammatory response, all of which were reversed by irisin treatment.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ya-Yu Wang, Shih-Yi Lin, Cheng-Yi Chang, Chih-Cheng Wu, Wen-Ying Chen, Su-Lan Liao, Yu-Fan Chen, Wen-Yi Wang, Chun-Jung Chen
Summary: This study demonstrated that the use of Jak2 inhibitor AG490 can improve neurological deficits, reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, and decrease brain infarction in stroke rats. AG490 was also found to mitigate IL-6-induced endothelial barrier disruption, lower blood glucose levels, improve glucose tolerance, and reduce inflammation in peripheral tissues.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shih-Yi Lin, Ya-Yu Wang, Cheng-Yi Chang, Chih-Cheng Wu, Wen-Ying Chen, Su-Lan Liao, Chun-Jung Chen
Summary: The emerging molecule TNF-alpha is reported to have inflammatory and metabolic roles. Studies have shown that the TNF-alpha receptor inhibitor R-7050 has neuroprotective, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory effects in stroke cases. This highlights a feasible way to combat stroke disease based on an anti-TNF therapy involving anti-inflammatory and metabolic mechanisms.
Article
Hematology
Jing-gang Xia, Bowen Li, Hao Zhang, Qin-xue Li, Sin Man Lam, Chun-lin Yin, He Tian, Guanghou Shui
Summary: This study used quantitative metabolomics to investigate the metabolic differences in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with and without diabetes. The findings revealed that diabetes-AMI patients had more severe metabolic dysregulation, involving multiple pathways such as carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and amino acid metabolism. The key functional metabolites N-lactoyl-phenylalanine and lysophosphatidylcholines were identified, which were associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, glucose utilization, and inflammation, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets for diabetes-AMI.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Johannes Kaesmacher, Thomas R. Meinel, Stefania Nannoni, Marta Olive-Gadea, Eike Piechowiak, Christian Maegerlein, Martina Goeldlin, Laurent Pierot, David J. Seiffge, Vitor Mendes Pereira, Mirjam R. Heldner, Lorenz Grunder, Vincent Costalat, Marcel Arnold, Tomas Dobrocky, Jan Gralla, Pasquale Mordasini, Urs Fischer
Summary: The extent of early ischemia may influence relative risks of sICH in IVT+MT versus direct MT patients, with an excess sICH risk in IVT+MT patients with low ASPECTS. If confirmed in post hoc analyses of randomized controlled trial data, IVT may be administered more carefully in patients with low ASPECTS eligible for and with direct access to MT.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Chelsea Liu, Victoria R. Marino, Virginia J. Howard, William E. Haley, David L. Roth
Summary: Higher social engagement and longer caregiving duration tend to be associated with higher positive aspects of caregiving (PAC). Non-dementia caregivers and African American caregivers reported higher PAC. Caregiving strain may attenuate the association between dementia caregiving and PAC.
AGING & MENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
D. Leann Long, Boyi Guo, Leslie A. McClure, Byron C. Jaeger, Stephanie E. Tison, George Howard, Suzanne E. Judd, Virginia J. Howard, Timothy B. Plante, Neil A. Zakai, Insu Koh, Katharine L. Cheung, Mary Cushman
Summary: This study aims to explore the pathways contributing to the disparity in hypertension and diabetes incidence between Black and White populations through the assessment of blood biomarkers.
ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Jordan B. King, Laura C. Pinheiro, Joanna Bryan Ringel, Adam P. Bress, Daichi Shimbo, Paul Muntner, Kristi Reynolds, Mary Cushman, George Howard, Jennifer J. Manly, Monika M. Safford
Summary: The increase in social vulnerabilities is associated with a higher risk of developing hypertension and dying. The association between social vulnerability count and risk varies by race. The more social vulnerabilities an individual has, the higher the risk of developing hypertension and dying.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tran B. B. Huynh, Leslie A. A. McClure, Virginia J. J. Howard, Monika M. M. Stafford, Suzanne E. E. Judd, Igor Burstyn
Summary: The study aimed to identify occupations with elevated risk of stroke. The study found that longer employment in protective service, food preparation and service, and transportation and material moving occupations may increase the risk of stroke.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
George Howard, Maciej Banach, Brett Kissela, Mary Cushman, Paul Muntner, Suzanne E. Judd, Virginia J. Howard
Summary: This study assessed the association between stroke risk factors and incident stroke, and evaluated whether the magnitude of this association is uniform across different age groups. The results showed that the associations of hypertension and diabetes with stroke significantly decreased in older age groups, while the associations of smoking, atrial fibrillation, and left ventricular hypertrophy with stroke did not vary with age.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Naruchorn Kijpaisalratana, Zsuzsanna Ament, Amit Patki, Varun M. Bhave, Ana-Lucia Garcia-Guarniz, Suzanne E. Judd, Mary Cushman, D. Leann Long, M. Ryan Irvin, W. Taylor Kimberly
Summary: This study aimed to identify metabolites that explain the higher prevalence of hypertension and incident ischemic stroke among Black adults. The researchers found that gluconic acid is associated with prevalent hypertension and incident ischemic stroke in Black adults, and it is also influenced by social determinants of health such as diet, education level, and physical activity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mary A. Cushman, Peter D. Callas, Kristine W. Alexander, Virginia E. Wadley, Neil D. Zakai, Steven D. Lidofsky, Frederick D. Unverzagt, Suzanne D. Judd
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment, especially in middle-aged individuals, according to a study. Liver biomarkers, except AST/ALT >2, were not found to be associated with cognitive impairment. The findings suggest that NAFLD may be a significant reversible determinant of cognitive health.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Achala Vagal, Heidi Sucharew, Lily L. Wang, Brett Kissela, Kathleen Alwell, Mary Haverbusch, Daniel Woo, Simona Ferioli, Jason Mackey, Felipe de los Rios la Rosa, Eva A. Mistry, Stacie L. Demel, Elisheva Coleman, Adam S. Jasne, Kyle Walsh, Pooja Khatri, Sabreena Slavin, Michael Star, Cody Stephens, Dawn Kleindorfer
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate disparities in race, sex, age, and socioeconomic status (SES) in the utilization of advanced neuroimaging in a population-based study. The results showed that the utilization of advanced imaging progressively increased over the years. Older patients and those with low SES were less likely to have advanced imaging, while racial differences depended on age.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Thomas G. Brott, James F. Meschia, Brajesh K. Lal, Angel Chamorro, Virginia J. Howard, George Howard
Summary: The SPACE-2 trial compared three treatments for preventing stroke in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. The findings were inconclusive due to low enrollment. The CREST-2 trial is expected to provide much-needed evidence for guiding treatment in asymptomatic patients.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Robert. S. S. Rosenson, Mary Cushman, Emily. C. C. McKinley, Paul Muntner, Zhixin Wang, Tomas Vaisar, Jay Heinecke, Christy Tangney, Suzanne Judd, Lisandro. D. D. Colantonio
Summary: A recent study found that elevated nonfasting triglycerides were associated with non-Alzheimer dementia. However, this study did not evaluate the association between fasting triglycerides and incident cognitive impairment (ICI), nor did it adjust for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or hs-CRP, known risk markers for ICI and dementia.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Samuel A. P. Short, Katherine Wilkinson, Janin Schulte, Miguel Arce Renteria, Katharine L. Cheung, Charles D. Nicoli, Virginia J. Howard, Mary Cushman
Summary: This study examined the association between plasma opioid pro-enkephalin A (PENK-A) and cognitive impairment. The results showed that both high and low levels of PENK-A were associated with decreased odds of future cognitive impairment in specific subgroups. Further research is needed to understand the underlying biology and the observed differences by sex.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Oluwasegun P. P. Akinyelure, Byron C. C. Jaeger, Suzanne Oparil, April P. P. Carson, Monika M. M. Safford, George Howard, Paul Muntner, Shakia T. T. Hardy
Summary: This study analyzed data to determine the impact of social determinants of health on the higher proportion of Black adults with uncontrolled blood pressure. Factors such as low education, low income, living in a health professional shortage area, disadvantaged neighborhood, and high-poverty zip code contribute to this disparity.
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Debora Kamin Mukaz, Mary Cushman
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Russell P. Sawyer, Bradford B. Worrall, Virginia J. Howard, Michael G. Crowe, George Howard, Hyacinth I. Hyacinth
Summary: This study aims to examine the racial disparity in the prevalence and trajectory of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia in non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black participants. It will focus on the role of cerebral small vessel disease and genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
