Article
Clinical Neurology
Audrey C. Leasure, Lindsey R. Kuohn, Kevin N. Vanent, Matthew B. Bevers, W. Taylor Kimberly, Thorsten Steiner, Stephan A. Mayer, Charles C. Matouk, Lauren H. Sansing, Guido J. Falcone, Kevin N. Sheth
Summary: Higher admission IL-6 levels in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage are associated with worse 90-day functional outcome, larger ICH volume, and larger perihematomal edema volume.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Yihao Chen, Chenchen Qin, Jianbo Chang, Yan Lyu, Qinghua Zhang, Zeju Ye, Zhaojian Li, Fengxuan Tian, Wenbin Ma, Junji Wei, Ming Feng, Jianhua Yao, Renzhi Wang
Summary: This study aimed to predict early and delayed perihematomal edema (PHE) expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients using a machine learning approach. The results showed that the combined ML model performed the best in predicting both early and delayed PHE expansion, suggesting its potential for assisting in the management of neurocritical ICH patients.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jonathan Espinosa, Umair Rehman, Firas Kaddouh
Summary: This case report highlights the potential aggravating effect of systemic iron administration on perihematomal edema in traumatic brain injury, suggesting the need for further research on iron toxicity in brain injury.
Article
Immunology
Sung-Ho Ahn, Angela Burkett, Atzhiry Paz, Jude P. Savarraj, Sarah Hinds, Georgene Hergenroeder, Aaron M. Gusdon, Xuefeng Ren, Jeong-Ho Hong, Huimahn A. Choi
Summary: The study identified serum cytokines at different time points that were independently associated with persistent CE, particularly persistent elevations of Eotaxin were associated with persistent CE after SAH.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Ruiyi Zhang, V. Wee Yong, Mengzhou Xue
Summary: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke with a poor prognosis. Despite numerous pre-clinical studies and clinical trials, effective treatment for ICH patients is still lacking. Minocycline, a neuroprotective pharmaceutical, shows promise in alleviating secondary brain injury after ICH. This review discusses the protective mechanisms, limitations, and clinical trial perspectives of minocycline in ICH, aiming to facilitate further research.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Irene Escudero-Martinez, Magnus Thoren, Peter Ringleb, Ana Paiva Nunes, Manuel Cappellari, Viiu-Marika Rand, Piotr Sobolewski, Jose Egido, Danilo Toni, Shih-Yin Chen, Nicole Tsao, Niaz Ahmed
Summary: This study aimed to describe the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of cerebral edema (CED) in patients with extensive ischemia. Results showed that age <50, high blood glucose, signs of acute infarct, hyperdense artery on baseline scans, and decreased level of consciousness were the most important predictors for moderate/severe CED. CED was associated with worse functional outcome and a higher risk of death at 3 months.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lindsey R. Kuohn, Jens Witsch, Thorsten Steiner, Kevin N. Sheth, Hooman Kamel, Babak B. Navi, Alexander E. Merkler, Santosh B. Murthy, Stephan A. Mayer
Summary: This study examined the relationship between different locations (deep versus lobar) of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and early neurological deterioration, hematoma expansion (HE), and outcome. The results showed that lobar ICH location was associated with more common HE and early neurological deterioration, while deep ICH location was associated with smaller hematoma size. However, after adjusting for prognostic variables, deep ICH was associated with worse outcome.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yu-Lun Li, Chu Chen, Li-Juan Zhang, Yi-Neng Zheng, Xin-Ni Lv, Li-Bo Zhao, Qi Li, Fa-Jin Lv
Summary: This study investigated the predictive value of nonradiomics features and machine learning for early perifrom 214 patients with spontaneous ICH. A total of 23 features were selected to establish models, and the MLP model seemed to be the best for prediction of PHE expansion. NCCT models based on radiomics features and machine learning could predict early PHE expansion and improve the discrimination of identifying spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients at risk of early PHE expansion.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Haojie Wang, Shufa Zheng, Yibin Zhang, Wenjian Fan, Bingsen Xie, Fuxiang Chen, Yuanxiang Lin, Dezhi Kang
Summary: The study found that decreased serum iron levels serve as an important indicator for predicting postoperative cerebral edema and poor prognosis in patients with aSAH.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Benjamin E. E. Zusman, Yijen Wu, Patrick M. M. Kochanek, Vincent E. E. Vagni, Keri Janesko-Feldman, Volodymyr Gerzanich, J. Marc Simard, Katherine Karahalios, Sandra Mihaljevic, Sudhanshu Raikwar, Anupama Rani, Jarrod Rulney, Shashvat M. M. Desai, Joshua Catapano, Ruchira M. M. Jha
Summary: This study evaluated the differential effects of glibenclamide on dose, TBI type, and imaging endophenotype. High-dose glibenclamide showed benefits in reducing hematoma volume, vasogenic edema, cytotoxic edema, and maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity after isolated brain contusion. However, its anti-edema effects were not robust in the presence of concomitant hemorrhagic shock.
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Zhe Li, Yang Liu, Ruixue Wei, Suliman Khan, Ruiyi Zhang, Yan Zhang, Voon Wee Yong, Mengzhou Xue
Summary: This review summarizes recent progress in understanding the mechanisms by which deferoxamine may alleviate intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and discusses the potential clinical utility of deferoxamine.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Hematology
Marie-Charlotte Bourrienne, Juliette Gay, Mikael Mazighi, Nadine Ajzenberg
Summary: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare venous thromboembolic event that is challenging to diagnose and predict due to its variable clinical course and etiologies. Beyond thrombosis, different parenchymal injuries can occur, and animal models are valuable tools for studying thrombosis development, propagation, resolution, and brain-related damages.
JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Laurent Puy, Romain Perbet, Martin Figeac, Belinda Duchene, Vincent Deramecourt, Charlotte Cordonnier, Vincent Berezowski
Summary: This study provides histological and transcriptomic-based evidence for the important role of the peri-hematomal area in the endogenous blood clearance process through the CD163/HO-1 pathway in human brain tissue. The blood clearance process shows a surge from day 8 to day 15 after intracerebral hemorrhage. The study also identifies several upregulated genes that have a beneficial role in inflammation termination and tissue repair.
Article
Neurosciences
Yingfeng Wan, Katherine G. Holste, Ya Hua, Richard F. Keep, Guohua Xi
Summary: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is responsible for 10% of strokes in the USA, resulting in significant disability and mortality. It causes primary brain injury due to mechanical disruption and secondary injury through the release of clot-derived factors. ICH leads to brain edema and increased intracranial pressure, affecting patient prognosis. Currently, effective treatment methods for reducing perihematomal cerebral edema and intracranial pressure are limited. This review explores the mechanisms of edema formation, the influence of sex and age, and the progress in pharmacotherapy for ICH.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jong-Myong Lee
Summary: This study describes 7 cases of acute paraparesis caused by anterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture and evaluates the clinical and radiological factors associated with this syndrome. The results show that acute paraparesis is associated with acute hydrocephalus and global cerebral edema.
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Fenghui Ye, Yingfeng Wan, Sravanthi Koduri, Katherine G. Holste, Richard F. Keep, Ya Hua, Guohua Xi
TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Chaoyi Bian, Yingfeng Wan, Sravanthi Koduri, Ya Hua, Richard F. Keep, Guohua Xi
Summary: This study found that intraventricular iron injection in rats led to hydrocephalus and increased stromal macrophage number. Treatment with minocycline or clodronate liposomes improved iron-induced hydrocephalus and reduced the increase in stromal macrophages.
TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yingfeng Wan, Katherine G. Holste, Ya Hua, Richard F. Keep, Guohua Xi
Summary: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is responsible for 10% of strokes in the USA, resulting in significant disability and mortality. It causes primary brain injury due to mechanical disruption and secondary injury through the release of clot-derived factors. ICH leads to brain edema and increased intracranial pressure, affecting patient prognosis. Currently, effective treatment methods for reducing perihematomal cerebral edema and intracranial pressure are limited. This review explores the mechanisms of edema formation, the influence of sex and age, and the progress in pharmacotherapy for ICH.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fenghui Ye, Jinting Yang, Katherine G. Holste, Sravanthi Koduri, Ya Hua, Richard F. Keep, Hugh J. L. Garton, Guohua Xi
Summary: Both monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and brain resident microglia contribute to hematoma resolution after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In this study, transgenic mice with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) labeled microglia were used to observe changes in MDMs and microglia after ICH. The results showed that MDMs entered the brain and formed a peri-hematoma cell layer by day 3 after ICH, and CD47 blocking antibody increased the number of MDMs around and inside the hematoma. These findings suggest that MDMs play an important role in phagocytosis after ICH and modulation of MDMs could be a potential therapeutic target.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Yejie Shi, Richard F. Keep
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jianming Xiang, Richard F. Keep
Summary: This mini-review provides an overview of the role of the solute carrier 15 (SLC15) family of proton-coupled oligopeptide transporters (POTs) in the brain, with a focus on Pept2 (Slc15A2) and PhT1 (Slc15A4). These transporters play a crucial role in the transport of di- and tripeptides, peptidomimetics, and drugs in the brain. The review highlights the pioneering work of David E. Smith in elucidating the impact of PepT2 at the choroid plexus and brain parenchymal cells, and discusses recent findings and future directions in brain POT research, including localization, regulatory pathways, transporter structure, species differences, and disease states.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Anuska V. Andjelkovic, Muyu Situ, Ali Francisco Citalan-Madrid, Svetlana M. Stamatovic, Jianming Xiang, Richard F. Keep
Summary: Cerebral endothelial cells and their tight junctions form the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is a unique, dynamic, and multi-functional interface. This review focuses on the changes in BBB and the neurovascular unit in normal aging and neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and vascular dementia. Evidence suggests that BBB dysfunction contributes to neurodegeneration. The mechanisms underlying BBB dysfunction and its potential as a therapeutic target, including enhancing drug delivery, clearance of neurotoxic compounds, and preventing BBB dysfunction, are discussed. The need for novel biomarkers of BBB dysfunction is also addressed.
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Richard F. Keep, Lester R. Drewes
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Richard F. Keep, Hazel C. Jones, Mark G. Hamilton, Lester R. Drewes
Summary: The aim of this editorial is to highlight the advancements in brain barrier and brain fluid research in 2022. It encompasses studies on blood-brain, blood-retina, and blood-CSF barriers (choroid plexus and meninges), as well as the signaling within the neurovascular unit and elements of the brain fluid systems. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of brain barriers and brain fluid systems on CNS diseases, their role in disease progression, and the progress being made in treating such diseases.
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Chelsea M. Phillips, Svetlana M. Stamatovic, Richard F. Keep, Anuska V. Andjelkovic
Summary: This study examined the epigenetic and transcriptional profile of cerebral microvessels after stroke, revealing the role of DNA methylation in regulating blood-brain barrier (BBB) repair.
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Richard F. Keep, Hazel C. Jones, Lester R. Drewes
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Fenghui Ye, Richard F. Keep, Ya Hua, Hugh J. L. Garton, Guohua Xi
Summary: This article discusses the role of the glymphatic system in posthemorrhagic brain injury, especially posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jianming Xiang, Ya Hua, Guohua Xi, Richard F. Keep
Summary: This review evaluates the movement of fluid from blood to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and discusses the impact of ion transport in the choroid plexus (CP) epithelium and cerebral vasculature on fluid flow. It also addresses the potential targets for modulating CP fluid secretion, NKCC1 and TRPV4. Furthermore, it highlights the dynamic changes in fluid secretion and their role in the controversies over the CP's involvement in brain fluid secretion.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Momodou G. Bah, Katherine G. Holste, Guohua Xi, Richard F. Keep
TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Sara Diana Lolansen, Dagne Barbuskaite, Fenghui Ye, Jianming Xiang, Richard F. Keep, Nanna MacAulay
Summary: This study elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of hydrocephalus in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and found that it is not associated with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and does not require increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion or inefficient CSF drainage. This type of hydrocephalus is not life-threatening and occurs due to unknown disturbances in CSF dynamics.
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
(2023)