Review
Neurosciences
Jia Liu, Yakun Gu, Mengyuan Guo, Xunming Ji
Summary: The brain, as the organ with the highest oxygen demand, has poor tolerance to ischemia and hypoxia. Ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning has been studied as an effective strategy to improve tolerance and is considered significant in treating CNS diseases. It involves multiple protective mechanisms and is a research frontier in neurotherapy, with challenges in translating from basic research to clinical application.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yilong Zhao, Huajun Yang, Wei Shan, Anchen Guo, Qun Wang
Summary: Moderate ethanol preconditioning protects against ischemic brain injury by upregulating the expression of BKCa channels in rats.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Priyanka Saklani, Heena Khan, Saurabh Gupta, Amarjot Kaur, Thakur Gurjeet Singh
Summary: Neuropeptides play a crucial neuroprotective role in ischemic injury, providing powerful protection by modulating various signaling pathways.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kemeng Zhao, Pengwei Wang, Xiaoguang Tang, Na Chang, Haonan Shi, Longfei Guo, Bingyi Wang, Pengfei Yang, Tiantian Zhu, Xinghua Zhao
Summary: Stroke is caused by ruptured or blocked cerebral blood vessels and subsequent disruption of brain blood circulation, resulting in rapid neurological deficits. The majority of stroke cases are ischemic strokes. Current treatments for ischemic stroke, such as t-PA thrombolytic therapy and surgical thrombectomy, can paradoxically lead to ischemia-reperfusion injury, exacerbating brain damage. Minocycline, a semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic, has demonstrated a wide range of neuroprotective effects independent of its antibacterial activity. In this article, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of minocycline against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, including modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, excitotoxicity, programmed cell death, and blood-brain barrier injury. We also discuss the role of minocycline in alleviating stroke-related complications, providing a theoretical basis for its clinical application in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
P. Cepparulo, P. Brancaccio, R. Sirabella, S. Anzilotti, N. Guida, G. Laudati, V. Valsecchi, A. Vinciguerra, V. Viscardi, L. D'Esposito, L. Formisano, L. Annunziato, G. Pignataro, O. Cuomo
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the role of miR135a in cerebral ischemia. The results showed that targeting TRPM7 with miR135a can alleviate ischemic injury and improve neurological functions.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mauricio Muleiro Alvarez, Felipe Esparza Salazar, Thomas Rodriguez, Francesco D'Egidio, Cesar V. Borlongan, Jea-Young Lee
Summary: This study investigates the role of extracellular vesicles in endogenous repair within the neurovascular unit after ischemic stroke. The findings suggest that CD63 exosomes are spatially and temporally associated with glial activation, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis, indicating their potential contribution to the repair of the neurovascular unit.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eva Baranovicova, Petra Hnilicova, Dagmar Kalenska, Peter Kaplan, Maria Kovalska, Zuzana Tatarkova, Anna Tomascova, Jan Lehotsky
Summary: H-1 NMR metabolomics is a valuable tool for characterizing the distribution and alterations of metabolites induced by cerebral ischemic injury or its combination with hyperhomocysteinemia. The study found decreased neurotransmitter pool and increased tissue glutamine level in the brain tissue after ischemic injury. Metabolomic alterations were observed in the blood plasma, including decreased glycolytic intermediates and increased plasma ketone bodies. Ischemic preconditioning showed a lower extent of metabolomic changes. In hyperhomocysteinemic models, a decrease in several amino acids in plasma was associated with hippocampal neuropathology.
Review
Cell Biology
Daryush Purrahman, Ali Shojaeian, Lukasz A. Poniatowski, Bartlomiej Piechowski-Jozwiak, Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
Summary: Stroke is a life-threatening condition and a major cause of disability. Cerebral ischemia triggers an inflammatory response involving various cytokines and inflammation-related agents. Progranulin (PGRN), a multifunctional protein, plays a critical role in physiological processes such as cell proliferation, inflammation, wound healing, and nervous system development. The mature form of PGRN has anti-inflammatory properties, while its derivative, granulin, induces pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. PGRN is significantly involved in brain tissue damage caused by conditions like cerebral ischemia, improving mood and cognitive disorders. It may also protect against nerve and spinal cord injuries by inhibiting neuroinflammatory response and apoptosis, as well as regulating microglia. PGRN acts as a neurotrophic factor in the central nervous system, promoting neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and improving long-term brain function after cerebral ischemia. The induction of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways may contribute to PGRN-enhanced neurogenesis in the ischemic brain SVZ. Furthermore, PGRN can enhance the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells through the PI3K/AKT pathway. PGRN increases hippocampal neurogenesis, reducing anxiety and impaired spatial learning post-cerebral ischemia. PGRN alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Overall, PGRN is a potent neuroprotective agent that improves post-ischemia neuronal function by modulating inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Feng Lu, Xiaofeng Xu, Guo Yang, Xiping Hong, Li Chen, Xiaohui Yin, Jingzhi Yan, Chong Li
Summary: The study investigated the interaction between DAPK and DANGER in neuronal cell death following brain ischemia, revealing a significant reduction in their interaction after I/R with peak reduction at 6 h. Additionally, NMDA inhibitor MK-801, DAPK inhibitor, and calcineurin inhibitor FK-506 prevented the dissociation of DANGER from DAPK 6 h after I/R, leading to neuroprotective effects against hippocampal CA1 neuronal death 5 days post-I/R. These findings suggest that the dissociation of DANGER from DAPK may mediate DAPK activation and contribute to neuronal death following I/R injury.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matteo Haupt, Stefan T. Gerner, Mathias Baehr, Thorsten R. Doeppner
Summary: Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability globally, requiring urgent development of neuroprotective approaches due to limited treatment options. This study provides an overview of current research in neuroprotective stroke treatment, including traditional drugs targeting inflammation, cell death, and excitotoxicity, as well as stem-cell-based and extracellular vesicle-based methods. The review also discusses the potential of the microbiota-gut-brain axis as a target for future neuroprotective therapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dong-Ju Park, Ju-Bin Kang, Murad-Ali Shah, Phil-Ok Koh
Summary: The study demonstrated that EGCG exerts neuroprotective effects in ischemic brain damage by regulating thioredoxin expression and modulating the interaction between ASK1 and thioredoxin.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Yi Zhao, Ulf Lutzen, Peter Gohlke, Ping Jiang, Thomas Herdegen, Juraj Culman
Summary: Pioglitazone exerts neuroprotective effects by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway to inhibit apoptosis in ischemic brain tissue, as well as activating the antioxidant defense pathway through Nrf2, supporting the survival of injured neurons.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rafael Pazinatto de Aguiar, Adrian Newman-Tancredi, Jos Prickaerts, Rubia Maria Weffort de Oliveira
Summary: This review focuses on the roles and mechanisms of 5-HT1A receptors in neuroprotection in experimental models of cerebral ischemia, with experimental evidence suggesting that 5-HT1A receptor agonists can prevent neuronal damage and promote functional recovery induced by ischemia.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Line Fuglsang Hansen, Nicholine S. K. Nielsen, Laura Cathrine Christoffersen, Christina Kruuse
Summary: The study found differences in the application methods and results of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) between preclinical and clinical studies, mainly in the choice and design of treatment methods. Clinical trials also face challenges, such as not completing the expected treatment cycles or issues in data analysis. Consistency and consensus on RIC procedures between preclinical and clinical studies are crucial for understanding the potential beneficial effects of RIC treatment in stroke.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chikako Nito, Satoshi Suda, Yuko Nitahara-Kasahara, Takashi Okada, Kazumi Kimura
Summary: Regenerative medicine aims to restore human functions by regenerating organs and tissues using stem cells or living tissues. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy, specifically, shows potential in treating cerebral infarction. Dental pulp stem cell therapy, as a cellular therapy strategy, appears promising for patients with ischemic brain injury.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Soon-Tae Lee, Byoung Joo Lee, Ji-Yeon Bae, Young Sook Kim, Do-Hyun Han, Hyun-Sook Shin, Soyun Kim, Dong-Kyu Park, Sang Won Seo, Kon Chu, Sang Kun Lee, Won-Kyung Ho
Summary: The discovery of a novel antibody targeting a synaptic receptor in autoimmune encephalitis patients has provided insights into the pathogenic mechanism of the disease, potentially leading to early diagnosis and treatment.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Hye-Rim Shin, Baik-Kyun Kim, Soon-Tae Lee, Aryun Kim
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Woo-Jin Lee, Jangsup Moon, Jung-Ah Lim, Daejong Jeon, Jung-Suk Yoo, Dong-Kyu Park, Dohyun Han, Soon-Tae Lee, Keun-Hwa Jung, Kyung-Il Park, Sang Kun Lee, Kon Chu
Summary: Seizure clustering is a common phenomenon in epilepsy and proteins with specific temporal expression patterns during a seizure cluster may play a pathomechanistic role in ictogenesis. Proteomic analysis revealed differentially expressed proteins, particularly in the hippocampus, with key proteins involved in processes related to the onset of seizures. This study provides insights into the spatiotemporal regulation of protein expression during seizure clusters, specifically in understanding processes related to seizure onset.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yoonhyuk Jang, Woo-Jin Lee, Han Sang Lee, Kon Chu, Sang Kun Lee, Soon-Tae Lee
Summary: Anakinra may be a therapeutic option for refractory cerebral autoinflammatory diseases, but it may be ineffective for some patients.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Woo Jin Lee, Han Sang Lee, Do Yong Kim, Hye Sung Lee, Jangsup Moon, Kyung Il Park, Sang Kun Lee, Kon Chu, Soon Tae Lee
Summary: This institutional cohort study examines the clinical characteristics, disease course, effectiveness of immunotherapy, and prognostic factors in patients with seronegative autoimmune encephalitis. Combination immunotherapy with steroids, immunoglobulin, rituximab, and tocilizumab was associated with improved outcomes.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Soon-Tae Lee, Han Sang Lee, Woo-Jin Lee, Han-A Cha, Seon Hui Kim, Seo-Yi Shin, Kon Chu, Sang Kun Lee
Summary: This single-arm, open-label study demonstrated the significant functional recovery effect of IVIG treatment in patients with autoimmune encephalitis, improving their quality of life. The improvement in neurological function was evident as early as day 8 after IVIG treatment, showing promising potential as an effective therapeutic option for autoimmune encephalitis.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Woo-Jin Lee, Soon-Tae Lee, Do-Yong Kim, Soyun Kim, Kon Chu
Summary: This study investigated the longitudinal pattern, determining factors, and clinical implications of brain volume changes in NMDAR encephalitis. The results showed that cerebellar volume reduction was progressive once developed, and it was associated with disease burden and poor outcomes in multiple functional domains.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
H. Chung, H. Seo, S. H. Choi, C. -k. Park, T. M. Kim, S. -h. Park, J. K. Won, J. H. Lee, S. -t. Lee, J. Y. Lee, I. Hwang, K. M. Kang, T. J. Yun
Summary: This study developed a machine learning-based model to identify preoperative multiparametric MR imaging markers associated with prognosis in glioblastoma patients. The model found that nonenhancing T2 high-signal-intensity lesions with the relatively low normalized CBV, low volume transfer constant values, and the lowest ADC values could serve as useful prognostic imaging markers for predicting survival outcomes in patients with glioblastoma.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Woo-Jin Lee, Young Nam Kwon, Boram Kim, Jangsup Moon, Kyung-Il Park, Kon Chu, Jung-Joon Sung, Sang Kun Lee, Sung-Min Kim, Soon-Tae Lee
Summary: This study investigated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis (MOGAE) in adult patients. The results showed that the outcomes varied according to the three phenotypes in MOGAE. Short immunotherapy maintenance was associated with relapse, and brain atrophy and dual antibodies of NMDAR and MOG were associated with poor outcomes.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Seon-Jae Ahn, Soon-Tae Lee, Kon Chu
Summary: Autoimmune encephalitis, specifically GABA B receptor antibody encephalitis, can occur after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. Symptoms may include generalized tonic-clonic seizures, cognitive decline, and gait disturbance. Treatment typically involves immunotherapy.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hyoshin Son, Kyung-Il Park, Dae-Seop Shin, Jangsup Moon, Soon -Tae Lee, Keun-Hwa Jung, Ki-Young Jung, Kon Chu, Sang Kun Lee
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the supportive value of the morphometric analysis program (MAP) in detecting focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in a single institution in Korea. The MAP, combined with interpretations by radiologists, was found to increase the detection rate of FCD. The MAP showed the strongest ability in detecting FCD IIa and was not affected by the type of reference scanner.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yoonhyuk Jang, Kwanghoon Lee, Cheol Lee, Kon Chu, Sang Kun Lee, Jae-Kyung Won, Soon-Tae Lee
Summary: By comparing NMDARe-associated teratomas with non-encephalitic control teratomas, it was found that there were no significant differences in mutations between the two types of teratomas in terms of genomic analysis. Pathologic analysis revealed similar presence of neuronal tissue and lymphocytic infiltration between the two groups, but rituximab-naive encephalitic teratomas showed a higher frequency of germinal center formation.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jung-Ick Byun, Dong Wook Kim, Keun Tae Kim, Kwang Ik Yang, Soon-Tae Lee, Jong-Geun Seo, Young Joo No, Kyung Wook Kang, Daeyoung Kim, Yong Won Cho, Jae-Moon Kim
Summary: This study surveyed 42 South Korean epileptologists on their expert opinions regarding treatments for convulsive and nonconvulsive status epilepticus in adults. The results showed that initial treatment with a benzodiazepine followed by a second benzodiazepine or antiepileptic drug monotherapy was the preferred strategy, with intravenous lorazepam being the preferred benzodiazepine for initial treatment. The treatments for nonconvulsive status epilepticus were found to be similar to those for convulsive status epilepticus.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Daeyoung Kim, Jae-Moon Kim, Yong Won Cho, Kwang Ik Yang, Dong Wook Kim, Soon-Tae Lee, Young Joo No, Jong-Geun Seo, Jung-Ick Byun, Kyung Wook Kang, Keun Tae Kim
Summary: The key to managing status epilepticus is to address the underlying etiology and use antiepileptic drugs to rapidly terminate seizures. Treatment should take into account the patient's characteristics, condition, and involve careful diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause in tandem with antiepileptic drug therapy.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yoonhyuk Jang, Jangsup Moon, Narae Kim, Tae-Joon Kim, Jin-Sun Jun, Yong-Won Shin, Hyeyeon Chang, Hye-Ryun Kang, Soon-Tae Lee, Keun-Hwa Jung, Kyung-Il Park, Ki-Young Jung, Kon Chu, Sang Kun Lee
Summary: Lamotrigine, a commonly used antiepileptic drug, has a risk of skin rash. The study found that a new rapid titration protocol can reach the therapeutic dose within 11 days, which is safe and effective for patients.