Review
Clinical Neurology
Aladdin Taha, Joaquim Bobi, Ruben Dammers, Rick M. Dijkhuizen, Antje Y. Dreyer, Adriaan C. G. M. van Es, Fabienne Ferrara, Matthew J. Gounis, Bjoern Nitzsche, Simon Platt, Michael H. Stoffel, Victor Volovici, Gregory J. del Zoppo, Dirk J. Duncker, Diederik W. J. Dippel, Johannes Boltze, Heleen M. M. van Beusekom
Summary: Translation of acute ischemic stroke research to the clinical setting remains limited, with only one drug successfully completing the path from experimental study to clinical practice. Large gyrencephalic animal models, such as dogs, swine, sheep, and nonhuman primates, have been recommended to improve the selection of experimental treatments before testing in clinical studies. This review discusses the characteristics of these animal models and aims to facilitate the selection of appropriate models for studying acute ischemic stroke.
Article
Neurosciences
Anthony J. Winder, Matthias Wilms, Kimberly Amador, Fabian Flottmann, Jens Fiehler, Nils D. Forkert
Summary: Predicting follow-up lesions in acute ischemic stroke patients from baseline CT perfusion datasets is crucial for clinical decision making. Deep convolutional networks have shown superior performance in this task, particularly when extracting temporal features from CTP data. However, the benefits of using deep learning with different types of CTP data have not been formally investigated.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Nathalie Just, Pierre-Marie Chevillard, Martine Migaud
Summary: The existence of adult neurogenesis, which is crucial for treating various neurological diseases, has not been validated in humans. Recent technical advances offer potential solutions to resolve this debate.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Elizabeth Boudreau, Sharon C. Kerwin, Emily B. DuPont, Jonathan M. Levine, John F. Griffin
Summary: This study describes the diffusion-weighted MRI measurements of 22 cases of spontaneous canine cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The results show that the median ADC values in normal control tissues and CVAs were less than 1.0x10(-3) mm(2)/s. There was a good correlation between absolute and relative ADC values in CVAs. Some lesions exhibited reduced absolute ADC values but relatively unchanged relative ADC values compared to matched normal contralateral tissue. CVAs with large hemorrhagic components did not show restricted diffusion.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mario Campanile, Ornella Cuomo, Paola Brancaccio, Antonio Vinciguerra, Antonella Casamassa, Olga Pastorino, Floriana Volpicelli, Maria Teresa Gentile, Salvatore Amoroso, Lucio Annunziato, Luca Colucci-D'Amato, Giuseppe Pignataro
Summary: This study evaluated the protective effect of Ruta graveolens water extract (RGWE) in an in vivo experimental model of brain ischemia. It was found that RGWE containing the major component Rutin could ameliorate ischemic damage and improve neurological performances, while reducing inflammatory responses of astrocytes and microglia.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Jianni Huang, George Bayliss, Shougang Zhuang
Summary: This article discusses the advantages of using pigs as a model for medical research, including their similar physiological patterns to humans and their role in narrowing the gap between clinical and preclinical studies of acute kidney injury (AKI). It compares the pros and cons of large versus small animal models and provides an overview of the development and application of porcine AKI models induced by clinically relevant insults.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Bin Jiang, Nancy K. Hills, Rob Forsyth, Lori C. Jordan, Mahmoud Slim, Steven G. Pavlakis, Neil Freidman, Nomazulu Dlamini, Osman Farooq, Ying Li, Guangming Zhu, Heather Fullerton, Max Wintermark, Warren D. Lo
Summary: In childhood arterial ischemic stroke patients, larger infarct volume and younger age at stroke onset are associated with poorer outcomes, but the strength of these relationships is weak. Specific infarct locations are significantly associated with poorer outcomes, but lose significance when adjusted for infarct volume.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Chao-Hui Chen, Meng Lee, Hsu-Huei Weng, Jiann-Der Lee, Jen-Tsung Yang, Yuan-Hsiung Tsai, Yen-Chu Huang
Summary: Factors such as age, receiving thrombolytic therapy, congestive heart failure, early hemorrhage in MRI, single cortical infarct, and territorial infarcts were found to be associated with newly detected atrial fibrillation. Initial MRI imaging may be helpful in predicting cardioembolic stroke caused by unrecognized atrial fibrillation. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Edoardo Parrella, Cristina Gussago, Vanessa Porrini, Marina Benarese, Marina Pizzi
Summary: Polyphenols are a crucial family of molecules found in plants that have beneficial effects on health, potentially protecting against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and stroke. Research indicates that polyphenols impact the cardio- and cerebrovascular systems and may also have neuroprotective effects in preclinical stroke models. Studies suggest that polyphenolic compounds could be used to aid in the recovery of stroke patients.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Stephanie Mangesius, Tanja Janjic, Ruth Steiger, Lukas Haider, Rafael Rehwald, Michael Knoflach, Gerlig Widmann, Elke Gizewski, Astrid Grams
Summary: Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has various applications in patients with ischemic stroke, including distinguishing tissues, predicting transformation, and detecting intra-arterial clots. It also shows potential impact on patient management and offers prospects for future developments.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Pierre Seners, Anke Wouters, Benjamin Maier, William Boisseau, Benjamin J. Gory, Jeremy Heit, Christophe Cognard, Mikael Mazighi, Brice Gaudilliere, Robin Lemmens, Greg W. Zaharchuk, Gregory Albers, Richard Leigh, Jean-Marc Olivot, PRECISE STROKE NETWORK
Summary: Currently, endovascular therapy (EVT) is widely used for large vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke patients, but the occurrence of post-EVT intracerebral hemorrhage still leads to disability in more than half of EVT-treated patients. Predicting this complication is important for personalized treatment strategies and selecting suitable candidates for clinical trials. Brain and vascular imaging biomarkers show promise in providing insights into acute stroke pathophysiology and predicting post-EVT intracerebral hemorrhage. This review summarizes the current literature on the role of cerebrovascular imaging biomarkers in predicting this complication to guide future observational or therapeutic studies.
Article
Clinical Neurology
J. Alfredo Caceres, Laura Saucier, Olwen C. Murphy, Eliza M. Gordon-Lipkin, Jonathan D. Santoro, Keith Van Haren, Carlos A. Pardo, Sarah Hopkins
Summary: This study evaluated the characteristics and evolution of brain MRI abnormalities in patients with acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). The results showed that approximately half of AFM cases had brain MRI abnormalities, with dorsal pontine involvement being the most common. Follow-up showed that most abnormalities remained stable, improved, or resolved over time.
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Marina Buciuc, Gian Marco Conte, Eugene L. Scharf
Summary: Additional digital content is available in the text.
Article
Neuroimaging
Mira Liu, Niloufar Saadat, Yong Ik Jeong, Steven Roth, Marek Niekrasz, Timothy Carroll, Gregory A. Christoforidis
Summary: This study suggests that perfusion can be increased in acute ischemic stroke patients with the use of norepinephrine and hydralazine. The increase in perfusion depends on the degree of collateralization and the specific territory being examined, with evidence of possible vascular steal.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINTERVENTIONAL SURGERY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Manal Nicolas-Jilwan, Max Wintermark
Summary: Recent advancements in computed tomography technology have reinforced the importance of perfusion computed tomography imaging in evaluating patients with acute ischemic stroke, especially in selecting patients for endovascular thrombectomy. Studies have shown the benefits of perfusion imaging in diagnosing patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion within 24 hours. This compelling data has led to an increased introduction of automated perfusion computed tomography imaging in routine evaluation of stroke patients.