Complement C4 induces regulatory T cells differentiation through dendritic cell in systemic lupus erythematosus

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic systemic autoimmune disease. Complement component 4 (C4) has be proved to play a role in pathogenesis of SLE. In the present study, we investigated the effect of C4 on T cells differentiation. Methods: Thirty SLE patients were included in this study. CD4+ T cells were isolated from healthy subjects, and dendritic cells (DCs) were isolated from healthy subjects or SLE patients. C4 was supplemented to co-incubate with T cells and DCs. Results: Serum C4 concentration was positively correlated with regulatory T cell (Treg) percentage (R-2 = 0.5907, p < 0.001) and TGF beta concentration (R-2 = 0.5641, p < 0.001) in SLE patients. Different concentrations of C4 had no effect on T cells differentiation. Co-incubated T cells with DCs and C4 for 7 days, the Treg percentage and TGF-beta concentration were significantly elevated. In addition, pre-treated DCs (from healthy subjects or SLE patients) with C4 and then co-incubated with T cells, the increases of Treg percentage and TGF-beta concentration were also observed. Conclusion: C4 takes part in T cells differentiation to Treg cells via DCs.