Assessment of the distribution and risks of organochlorine pesticides in core sediments from areas of different human activity on Lake Baiyangdian, China

Burial characteristics and risks associated with 13 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs; alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, delta-HCH, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, alpha-endosulfan and beta-endosulfan) in core sediments of Lake Baiyangdian were investigated. The core sediments were taken from areas of different anthropogenic activity along the lake. Concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), heptachlor, aldrin, and endosulfan ranged from 0.64 to 2.72, nd (undetectable levels) to 2.79, 0.29 to 1.37, nd to 2.62, and nd to 1.76 ng g(-1), respectively. Concentrations of OCPs in the core sediments exhibited the following spatial trend: Dongtianzhuang > Shaochedian > Zaolinzhuang. Concentrations in the surficial layer were also found to be greater than those in the bottom layer. OCPs were dominated by HCH. beta-HCH was found in the greatest concentrations, indicating that the majority of HCH came from older inputs to the area. The ratio of DDT and its metabolites (DDD and DDE) also suggested a lack of recent inputs to the lake environment. The residues of heptachlor, aldrin, and endosulfan in core sediments indicated that cyclodienes were historically applied in the area. The OCP risk assessment, which was based on effect range low and threshold effect level values, suggested that the top layer of sediment in Dongtianzhuang cores had a relatively high toxicity to human health and the environment.