Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kristine Beaulieu, John E. Blundell, Marleen A. van Baak, Francesca Battista, Luca Busetto, Eliana V. Carraca, Dror Dicker, Jorge Encantado, Andrea Ermolao, Nathalie Farpour-Lambert, Adriyan Pramono, Euan Woodward, Alice Bellicha, Jean-Michel Oppert
Summary: This systematic review investigated the impact of exercise training interventions on energy intake and appetite control in adults with overweight/obesity. The study found that exercise training may lead to a small increase in fasting hunger and have a small effect on daily energy intake, while also potentially reducing susceptibility to overconsumption.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sarah Hubner, Julie Blaskewicz Boron, Karsten Koehler
Summary: This systematic review examined the impact of exercise on appetite in older adults, finding that exercise and physical activity may modulate resting hunger and satiety in this population. Decreases in fasting leptin and glucose hormones suggest that exercise promotes satiety sensitivity in adults aged 60+. The findings suggest that engaging in exercise programs may provide a meaningful avenue for improving chronic and functional disease burden in later life by promoting appetite control and balanced energy intake.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hideaki Kashima, Ayumi Honma, Saori Kamimura, Saki Nishimura, Takashi Sano, Shoji Matsumoto, Masako Yamaoka Endo, Yoshiyuki Fukuba
Summary: Consumption of heated corn oil slows down gastric emptying rate and reduces energy intake compared to non-heated oil. This effect is also observed when 2,4-decadienal (2,4-DD) is added to food, indicating that 2,4-DD plays a role in suppressing gastric emptying rate and energy intake.
Article
Neurosciences
James Frampton, Jose Ivan Serrano-Contreras, Isabel Garcia-Perez, Georgia Franco-Becker, Jack Penhaligan, Abbigail S. Y. Tan, Ana Claudia Cepas de Oliveira, Annabelle J. Milner, Kevin G. Murphy, Gary Frost, Edward S. Chambers
Summary: Understanding the metabolic determinants of postexercise appetite regulation is important for developing therapeutics to suppress overeating behaviors and enhance the efficacy of exercise as a weight-loss treatment. This study found that dietary carbohydrate and exercise independently influenced gastrointestinal hormones associated with appetite regulation. Plasma acetate and succinate were identified as potential mediators of exercise-induced appetite and energy intake responses.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
John E. Blundell, Kristine Beaulieu
Summary: From a public health perspective, the relationship between exercise and appetite is of interest due to its implications for energy balance and obesity. Exercise affects appetite by increasing fasting hunger, enhancing post-prandial satiety, modulating hedonic responses to food, and improving eating behavior. Prolonged physical activity and exercise strengthen and sensitize the appetite control system, reducing the risk of overeating, while physical inactivity fails to regulate energy intake, leading to possible overconsumption. The effects of exercise on appetite are complex and vary among individuals, impacting energy balance and body mass differently.
Review
Surgery
Shangnan Dai, Yunpeng Peng, Guangfu Wang, Lingdi Yin, Han Yan, Chunhua Xi, Feng Guo, Jianmin Chen, Min Tu, Zipeng Lu, Jishu Wei, Wentao Gao, Kuirong Jiang, Junli Wu, Yi Miao
Summary: This meta-analysis identified potential risk factors for delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy or pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Age, preoperative biliary drainage, pancreas texture, pancreatic duct size, blood loss, postoperative pancreatic fistula, intra-abdominal collection, and intra-abdominal abscess were significantly associated with delayed gastric emptying.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Tyler Maher, Miriam E. Clegg
Summary: Research suggests that medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) may reduce energy intake more effectively than long-chain triglycerides (LCT), but the impact on subjective appetite ratings and hormone levels is less clear. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms by which MCT influence energy intake.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Martin Friedrichsen, Astrid Breitschaft, Sayeh Tadayon, Alicja Wizert, Dorthe Skovgaard
Summary: This study investigated the effects of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg on gastric emptying, appetite, and energy intake in adults with obesity. The results showed that semaglutide significantly suppressed appetite, improved control of eating, and reduced food cravings, ad libitum energy intake, and body weight compared to placebo. However, there was no evidence of delayed gastric emptying with semaglutide at week 20.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Alice E. Thackray, David J. Stensel
Summary: The interaction between exercise, appetite control, and energy intake has been widely studied. Empirical studies have consistently shown that acute moderate-to-vigorous intensity land-based exercise suppresses appetite and increases anorexigenic hormones while decreasing the orexigenic hormone. However, there is variability in individual responses to exercise-induced appetite suppression.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mariana Sousa Silva, Yasmim de Andrade Gomes, Mickael Laudrup de Sousa Cavalcante, Pedro Victor Nogueira Telles, Alda Cassia Alves da Silva, Juliana Soares Severo, Raisa de Oliveira Santos, Brenda Lois Barros dos Santos, Gisele Lopes Cavalcante, Claudio Henrique Lima Rocha, Raimundo Campos Palheta-Junior, Rita de Cassia Meneses Oliveira, Rosimeire Ferreira dos Santos, Joao Paulo Jacob Sabino, Armenio Aguiar dos Santos, Moises Tolentino Bento da Silva
Summary: The study found that physical exercise and pyridostigmine treatment can improve autonomic dysfunction in cisplatin-treated rats, prevent delayed gastric emptying, and changes in hemodynamic parameters, baroreflex sensitivity, and cardiac autonomic control.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katy M. Horner, Nuala M. Byrne, Neil A. King
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a short-term exercise intervention on gastric emptying, appetite, energy intake, and adaptive responses in inactive men with overweight/obesity. The results showed that while certain parameters remained unchanged, energy intake increased significantly, and the exercise intervention had beneficial effects on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and blood pressure.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jonas Salling Quist, Anders Bue Klein, Kristine Faerch, Kristine Beaulieu, Mads Rosenkilde, Anne Sofie Gram, Anders Sjodin, Signe Torekov, Bente Stallknecht, Christoffer Clemmensen, Martin Baek Blond
Summary: Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) is involved in appetite control and is increased by acute exercise. However, the effects of exercise training on GDF15 in individuals with overweight/obesity are unclear. This study found that acute exercise increased GDF15 levels, but exercise training did not have the same effect. Higher GDF15 levels were associated with poorer cardiometabolic health but not with appetite. The impact of GDF15 on energy intake and weight management needs further investigation.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anne Christin Meyer-Gerspach, Juergen Drewe, Wout Verbeure, Carel W. le Roux, Ludmilla Dellatorre-Teixeira, Jens F. Rehfeld, Jens J. Holst, Bolette Hartmann, Jan Tack, Ralph Peterli, Christoph Beglinger, Bettina K. Wolnerhanssen
Summary: Xylitol can stimulate gut hormone secretion, slow down gastric emptying rates, have no effect on blood lipids, and have minimal impact on blood glucose and insulin, making it a suitable candidate for sugar replacement.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tejaswini Arunachala Murthy, Marianne Chapman, Karen L. Jones, Michael Horowitz, Chinmay S. Marathe
Summary: Gastric emptying (GE) varies greatly between individuals and plays a significant role in postprandial blood glucose levels in both health and diabetes. The rate of blood glucose rise after consuming carbohydrates is higher with faster GE and slower with impaired glucose tolerance. GE is influenced by the acute glycemic environment, with hyperglycemia slowing it down and hypoglycemia speeding it up. Delayed GE, or gastroparesis, is common in diabetes and critical illness, presenting challenges for management.
WORLD JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jing Hong Loo, Aubrey Ding Rui Ng, Kai Siang Chan, Aung Myint Oo
Summary: This meta-analysis compared the outcomes of intraoperative pyloric drainage versus no intervention in patients undergoing esophagectomy. The results showed that intraoperative pyloric drainage can reduce delayed gastric emptying but has similar post-operative outcomes in terms of complications and mortality.
JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xingzhong Jin, Alice A. Gibson, Zubeyir Salis, Radhika Seimon, Claudia Harper, Tania P. Markovic, Nuala M. Byrne, Shelley E. Keating, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Elif Inan-Eroglu, Felipe Q. da Luz, Julie Ayre, Amanda Sainsbury
Summary: Including a dietary component to reduce excess body weight, notably one involving severe energy restriction, could potentially enhance the effectiveness of physical activity interventions among female adults with obesity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jamie-Lee M. Thompson, Daniel W. D. West, Thomas M. Doering, Boris P. Budiono, Sarah J. Lessard, Lauren G. Koch, Steven L. Britton, Nuala M. Byrne, Matthew A. Brown, Kevin J. Ashton, Vernon G. Coffey
Summary: This study compared the changes in muscle mass and transcriptome profile in high and low responders to endurance training after short-term immobilization, and identified differential gene expressions associated with early muscle atrophy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roberta Ceci, Mariateresa Maldini, Mark E. Olson, Domenico Crognale, Katy Horner, Ivan Dimauro, Stefania Sabatini, Guglielmo Duranti
Summary: This study evaluated the antioxidant effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) on muscle cells under oxidative stress. The results showed that MOLE could restore the redox status of muscle cells, increase the antioxidant enzymatic system, and reduce oxidative damage.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elena de Marco Castro, Giacomo Valli, Caroline Buffiere, Christelle Guillet, Brian Mullen, Jedd Pratt, Katy Horner, Susanne Naumann-Gola, Stephanie Bader-Mittermaier, Matteo Paganini, Giuseppe De Vito, Helen M. Roche, Dominique Dardevet
Summary: This study investigates the postprandial amino acid appearance in healthy older adults after consuming different plant protein and fiber (PPF) products compared to whey protein with added fiber (WPF). The results show that PPF products had a lower maximal increase in leucine concentration and the sum of branched-chain and indispensable amino acid concentrations compared to WPF. However, plasma methionine, cysteine, and to a lesser extent, threonine appearance were limited only after consuming the PPF products. Additionally, WPF induced greater postprandial insulin concentrations than the PPF products, indicating potentially lower anabolic potential.
Review
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Jennifer Hamer, Ben Desbrow, Chris Irwin
Summary: Coaches play a crucial role in athlete health and performance, but their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding low energy availability (LEA) are lacking. It is important to investigate coaches' current understanding of LEA to guide future education and support initiatives.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE & COACHING
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alexia J. Murphy-Alford, William Johnson, Lukhanyo H. Nyati, Ina S. Santos, Andrew P. Hills, Shabina Ariff, V. Pujitha Wickramasinghe, Rebecca Kuriyan, M. Nishani Lucas, Caroline S. Costa, Christine Slater, Tanvir Ahmad, Nuala M. Byrne, Priscilla J. Divya, Anura V. Kurpad, Leila I. Cheikh Ismail, Cornelia U. Loechl, Shane A. Norris
Summary: Reference charts for body composition of infants aged 0-6 months and 3-24 months have been developed, based on global reference data. These charts will enhance the interpretation and understanding of body composition in infants during the first 24 months of life.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chitra Sharma, Kiran D. K. Ahuja, Bharati Kulkarni, Nuala N. M. Byrne, Andrew P. P. Hills
Summary: Current global trends in physical activity levels indicate the lack of progress towards achieving the 2030 target set by the Global Action Plan. Compositional data analysis and life course epidemiology provide potential frameworks for understanding the complexity of physical activity and its relationship with life course factors. Combining these fields represents a paradigm shift in physical activity research with potential impacts on policy and both advantages and challenges. The implications of maintaining the disconnect between these fields versus consolidating them should be carefully considered.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Timothy P. Holloway, Lisa Dalton, Roger Hughes, Sisitha Jayasinghe, Kira A. E. Patterson, Sandra Murray, Robert Soward, Nuala M. Byrne, Andrew P. Hills, Kiran D. K. Ahuja
Summary: School environments can create a healthy setting for children's health and well-being. School gardening interventions have shown positive outcomes in terms of healthier eating and increased physical activity. This study found that embedding nutrition and garden-based education in the curriculum, experiential learning opportunities, family and authority figure engagement, cultural context, and the use of multi-prong approaches contribute to the improvement of children's health and well-being through school gardening programs.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lisa M. Dalton, Andrew P. Hills, Sisitha Jayasinghe, Kendra Strong, Paula Hyland, Nuala M. Byrne
Summary: Improvements in global public health require universal health care supported by a health workforce with appropriate competencies. The article describes a curriculum design thinking approach being used to develop a connected system of education and training for the allied health workforce in Tasmania. Stakeholders identified problems such as rurality, workforce challenges, skill set shortfalls, and clinical placements, which are being addressed through innovative educational programs and a transformative curriculum.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sisitha Jayasinghe, Timothy P. Holloway, Robert Soward, Kira A. E. Patterson, Kiran D. K. Ahuja, Lisa Dalton, Sandra Murray, Roger Hughes, Nuala M. Byrne, Andrew P. Hills
Summary: This study aims to reduce the incidence of obesity and related diseases through social prescribing, peer education, and health screening, increase service and workforce connectivity and collaboration, and enhance health and well-being by improving food literacy, physical literacy, mental health, and community connectedness.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nathan Delang, Christopher Irwin, Aimie L. Peek, Iain S. Mcgregor, Ben Desbrow, Danielle Mccartney
Summary: This study systematically reviewed prior research on the effects of contact/collision sport participation on neurometabolite levels in the absence of concussion. The review found that N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and total creatine (tCr) decreased during the sports season, but glutamate-glutamine (Glx), myo-inositol (mI), and total choline (tCho) did not show significant changes. Several moderating factors, including sex, sport played, brain region, and the MRS quantification approach, were found to influence the results. The study suggests that contact/collision sport participation has the potential to alter neurometabolites measured via H-1 MRS in the absence of concussion, but further research is needed.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Jack Eoin Rua O'Neill, Clare A. Corish, Katy Horner
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the most accurate and precise resting metabolic rate (RMR) prediction equations in athletes. The results showed that while no single equation is guaranteed to be superior, the Ten-Haaf equation appears to be the most accurate and precise in most situations. There were significant differences in accuracy and precision among different equations. Choosing a prediction equation based on a population with similar characteristics is preferable.
Review
Substance Abuse
Blake Palmer, Christopher Irwin, Ben Desbrow
Summary: Factors influencing alcohol consumption behaviors among young Australian adults include physical and social opportunities, as well as reflective and automatic motivations. The COM-B model provides an integrated understanding of these factors and their impact on drinking behaviors.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Zane Hopper, Ben Desbrow, Shelley Roberts, Chris Irwin
Summary: Standardised bomb calorimetry methods are crucial for accurately measuring the energy content of food and beverages, but there is currently no universally accepted protocol. This review aims to summarize the literature on sample preparation methods used in bomb calorimetry for food and beverage analysis. The synthesis provides insights into the potential impact of methodological variations on the estimation of caloric values.
JOURNAL OF FOOD AND DRUG ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Blake Palmer, Christopher Irwin, Christina Mailer, Ben Desbrow
Summary: This study investigated the availability, visibility, advertising, and promotion of low-alcohol beverages (LABs) in licensed venues in Australia. The findings showed that LABs were available in about half of the venues audited, but their visibility and promotion were poor. There is a need to improve access to and promote lower alcohol alternatives within licensed venues.
PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH & PRACTICE
(2023)