Hypoxylon (Xylariaceae, Ascomycota) from Western Parana, Brazil

Hypoxylon is one of the most specious genera in Xylariaceae, whose species are saprobes or facultative parasites. In a survey of the Hypoxylon species from Parque Estadual de Sao Camilo, municipality of the Palotina, West region of Parana ' State (24 degrees 18000 ''-24 degrees 19030 '' S and 53 degrees 53030 ''-53 degrees 55030 '' W). Twelve taxa were found: H. anthochroum, H. griseobrunneum, H. lenormandii, H. monticulosum, Hypoxylon peleae, H. cf. pilgerianum, H. rickii, H rubigineoareolatum, H. rubiginosum, H. subgilvum, H. subrutilum, and Hypoxylon vinaceobrunneum. Among these, H. vinaceobrunneum is proposed as new species, based on the following characters: surface effusedpulvinate, brown vinaceous; without apparent KOH-extractable pigments or with dilute grayish sepia; ostioles slightly papillate; ascospores light brown to brown, 7-10 9 3-3.5 mu m, with slightly germ slit shorter than the spore-length. H. peleae is new to South America, whereas H. griseobrunneum is new to Brazil, and all the remaining taxa are newly reported from the State of Parana or Southern Brazil. Key for the identification, morphological descriptions, and illustrations are presented for all species.