Article
Food Science & Technology
Iveta Garaiova, Zuzana Paduchova, Zuzana Nagyova, Duolao Wang, Daryn R. Michael, Susan F. Plummer, Julian R. Marchesi, Zdenka Durackova, Jana Muchova
Summary: This study suggests that supplementation with a combination of multistrain probiotics and vitamin C may help reduce the incidence of antibiotic prescriptions in children.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Zhang Juan, Jie Chen, Boni Ding, Liang Yongping, Kai Liu, Ling Wang, Yuan Le, Qin Liao, Jingcheng Shi, Jufang Huang, Yuhui Wu, Daqing Ma, Wen Ouyang, Jianbin Tong
Summary: The study suggests that probiotic supplementation can prevent chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients by modulating plasma metabolites.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Elsa Tavernier, Francois Barbier, Ferhat Meziani, Jean-Pierre Quenot, Jean-Etienne Herbrecht, Mickael Landais, Damien Roux, Philippe Seguin, David Schnell, Anne Veinstein, Benoit Veber, Sigismond Lasocki, Qin Lu, Gaetan Beduneau, Martine Ferrandiere, Claire Dahyot-Fizelier, Gaetan Plantefeve, Mai-Anh Nay, Hamid Merdji, Pascal Andreu, Laurent Vecellio, Gregoire Muller, Maria Cabrera, Deborah Le Pennec, Renaud Respaud, Philippe Lanotte, Nicolas Gregoire, Marie Leclerc, Julie Helms, Thierry Boulain, Jean-Claude Lacherade, Stephan Ehrmann
Summary: Pre-emptive inhaled antibiotics may reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia among critically ill patients, with potential benefits for those undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for over 3 days. This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a 3-day course of inhaled antibiotics in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Christian Borup, Lars Vinter-Jensen, Soren Peter German Jorgensen, Signe Wildt, Jesper Graff, Tine Gregersen, Anna Zaremba, Trine Borup Andersen, Camilla Nojgaard, Hans Bording Timm, Dominique Rainteau, Svend Hoime Hansen, Juri Johannes Rumessen, Lars Kristian Munck
Summary: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of colesevelam in the treatment of bile acid diarrhoea. The results showed that colesevelam was superior to placebo in inducing remission of bile acid diarrhoea, and it was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Raymond Hang Wun Li, Sue Seen Tsing Lo, Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson, Carol Ho Yi Fong, Pak Chung Ho, Ernest Hung Yu Ng
Summary: This study found that co-administration of oral piroxicam 40 mg with levonorgestrel improved the efficacy of emergency contraception. The use of piroxicam could be considered in clinical settings where levonorgestrel emergency contraception is the chosen option.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Rita Baiao, Liliana P. Capitao, Cameron Higgins, Michael Browning, Catherine J. Harmer, Philip W. J. Burnet
Summary: This study found that taking probiotics can improve emotional processing and vigilance to neutral faces, reduce reward learning and interference word recall, and lower depression scores. However, these changes were not correlated with changes in emotional processing.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Pipat Piewngam, Sunisa Khongthong, Natthrit Roekngam, Yongyuth Theapparat, Somkiat Sunpaweravong, Damrongsak Faroongsarng, Michael Otto
Summary: Conventional antibiotics and topical strategies have limited success in reducing Staphylococcus aureus infection rates. However, the use of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis can effectively control colonisation in the intestine and nose. This probiotic strategy offers several advantages and is suitable for patients at long-term risk of S aureus infection.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yang-Yang Dian, Nan Ru, Hui Chen, Wen-Bin Zou, Hao Wu, Jun Pan, Bo Li, Lei Xin, Ji-Yao Guo, Xin-Ying Tang, Liang-Hao Hu, Zhen-Dong Jin, Dong Wang, Yi-Qi Du, Luo-Wei Wang, Zhao-Shen Li, Zhuan Liao
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of prophylactic rectal indometacin in preventing post-ESWL pancreatitis. The results showed that the incidence of pancreatitis was significantly lower in the rectal indometacin group compared to the placebo group.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicolino Ruperto, Hermine Brunner, Olga Synoverska, Tracy Ting, Carlos Abud Mendoza, Alberto Spindler, Yulia Vyzhga, Katherine Marzan, Lyudmila Grebenkina, Irit Tirosh, Lisa Imundo, Rita Jerath, Daniel J. Kingsbury, Betul Sozeri, Sheetal S. Vora, Sampath Prahalad, Elena Zholobova, Yonatan Butbul Aviel, Vyacheslav Chasnyk, Melissa Lerman, Kabita Nanda, Heinrike Schmeling, Heather Tory, Yosef Uziel, Diego O. Viola, Holly B. Posner, Keith S. Kanik, Ann Wouters, Cheng Chang, Richard Zhang, Irina Lazariciu, Ming-Ann Hsu, Ricardo M. Suehiro, Alberto Martini, Daniel J. Lovell
Summary: The trial showed that tofacitinib is an effective treatment for patients with polyarticular course JIA. New oral therapies are particularly relevant for children and adolescents, who might prefer to avoid injections.
Article
Microbiology
J. Stsepetova, M. Ratsep, O. Gerulis, A. Joesaar, M. Mikelsaar, E. Songisepp
Summary: Probiotics like Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Inducia have the potential to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in middle-aged individuals. In two separate trials, it was found that consuming Inducia yogurt for four weeks could lower cholesterol levels in individuals with normal BMI and borderline cholesterol levels. Additionally, overweight volunteers in the Inducia yogurt group experienced reductions in blood glucose levels and oxidative stress.
BENEFICIAL MICROBES
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Peter Schenk, Alexander O. Spiel, Felix Huettinger, Micheline Gmeiner, Josefine Fugger, Martina Pichler, Gernot Pichler, Susanne Schmeikal, Wolfgang Janistyn, Stefan Schuegerl, Constantin Sajdik, Harald Herkner
Summary: In this single-centre randomized controlled trial, simvastatin at a daily dose of 40 mg significantly prolonged time to first COPD exacerbation and reduced exacerbation rate. However, it had no effect on quality of life, lung function, and other measures. More patients dropped out in the simvastatin group compared to the placebo group.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Isabelle Mack, Juliane Schwille-Kiuntke, Nazar Mazurak, Beate Niesler, Kurt Zimmermann, Hubert Moennikes, Paul Enck
Summary: This study investigated the effectiveness of a nonviable probiotic lysate (BL) in the treatment of IBS and found that BL was not effective for all IBS subtypes, but may offer a treatment option for IBS-D which needs further verification through adequately powered drug trials.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sube Banerjee, Juliet High, Susan Stirling, Lee Shepstone, Ann Marie Swart, Tanya Telling, Catherine Henderson, Clive Ballard, Peter Bentham, Alistair Burns, Nicolas Farina, Chris Fox, Paul Francis, Robert Howard, Martin Knapp, Iracema Leroi, Gill Livingston, Ramin Nilforooshan, Shirley Nurock, John O'Brien, Annabel Price, Alan J. Thomas, Naji Tabet
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of mirtazapine, an antidepressant, for treating agitation in patients with dementia. The findings showed that mirtazapine did not reduce agitation symptoms compared to placebo, and there was a potentially higher mortality rate associated with mirtazapine use.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Carol Angela Howell, Anu Kemppinen, Victoria Allgar, Matthew Dodd, Charles H. Knowles, John McLaughlin, Preeti Pandya, Peter Whorwell, Elena Markaryan, Yan Yiannakou
Summary: This study demonstrates that Enterosgel is safe and effective in patients with IBS-D, improving stool consistency, abdominal pain, stool frequency, and urgency. This provides an alternative to the limited current treatment options.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ishwarpreet Kaur, Vanita Suri, Naresh Sachdeva, Satya Vati Rana, Bikas Medhi, Nancy Sahni, Jayesh Ahire, Amarjeet Singh
Summary: The use of multi-strain probiotic along with dietary and lifestyle modifications has been found to be effective in managing PCOS, with positive effects on menstrual regularity, weight reduction, metabolic and hormonal profile.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Psychiatry
Sanket B. Raut, Juan J. Canales, Manoj Ravindran, Rajaraman Eri, David M. Benedek, Robert J. Ursano, Luke R. Johnson
Summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis found lack of evidence for the efficacy of propranolol for traumatic memory disruption in PTSD patients. Propranolol did not show beneficial effects on PTSD symptoms and physiological responses, except for a reduction in heart rate. However, the high heterogeneity, variation in propranolol dosage, and inadequate sample sizes require cautious interpretation of these findings.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ravichandra Vemuri, Christopher J. Martoni, Kylie Kavanagh, Rajaraman Eri
Summary: Age-related changes in gut microbiome are associated with co-occurrence patterns, with reduced nodes and associations in elderly mice. DDS-1 strain can modulate microbial co-occurrence networks, with differential effects on fecal, mucosal, and cecal samples. Beneficial bacteria act as connectors in aging networks in response to DDS-1 supplementation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rhiannon T. Filippone, Narges Dargahi, Rajaraman Eri, Jose A. Uranga, Joel C. Bornstein, Vasso Apostolopoulos, Kulmira Nurgali
Summary: Targeting eosinophils through the CCR3 axis can alleviate inflammatory bowel disease and contribute to understanding the role of eosinophils as potential targets for IBD treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Sisitha Jayasinghe, Robert Soward, Lisa Dalton, Timothy P. Holloway, Sandra Murray, Kira A. E. Patterson, Kiran D. K. Ahuja, Roger Hughes, Nuala M. Byrne, Andrew P. Hills
Summary: Despite increased awareness of its risks, contemporary efforts for obesity prevention have been insufficient. Therefore, the growing interest in whole-systems approaches that acknowledge the complex nature of obesity is timely. The aim of this investigation was to review the level of capacity building incorporated in published literature on whole-systems approaches targeting obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Parisa Vahidi Ferdowsi, Kiran D. K. Ahuja, Jeffrey M. M. Beckett, Stephen Myers
Summary: The global burden of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has prompted research on finding new therapeutic targets for this chronic disorder. Bioactive food components, such as capsaicin and zinc, have shown the potential to improve glucose metabolism by activating specific pathways. Capsaicin and zinc stimulate glucose uptake through different pathways (AMPK and AKT), but both involve calcium signal transduction. Investigating the molecular pathways activated by capsaicin and zinc could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets for T2DM. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the main signaling pathways triggered by capsaicin and zinc in glucose metabolism.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chitra Sharma, Kiran D. K. Ahuja, Bharati Kulkarni, Nuala N. M. Byrne, Andrew P. P. Hills
Summary: Current global trends in physical activity levels indicate the lack of progress towards achieving the 2030 target set by the Global Action Plan. Compositional data analysis and life course epidemiology provide potential frameworks for understanding the complexity of physical activity and its relationship with life course factors. Combining these fields represents a paradigm shift in physical activity research with potential impacts on policy and both advantages and challenges. The implications of maintaining the disconnect between these fields versus consolidating them should be carefully considered.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Timothy P. Holloway, Lisa Dalton, Roger Hughes, Sisitha Jayasinghe, Kira A. E. Patterson, Sandra Murray, Robert Soward, Nuala M. Byrne, Andrew P. Hills, Kiran D. K. Ahuja
Summary: School environments can create a healthy setting for children's health and well-being. School gardening interventions have shown positive outcomes in terms of healthier eating and increased physical activity. This study found that embedding nutrition and garden-based education in the curriculum, experiential learning opportunities, family and authority figure engagement, cultural context, and the use of multi-prong approaches contribute to the improvement of children's health and well-being through school gardening programs.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sisitha Jayasinghe, Timothy P. Holloway, Robert Soward, Kira A. E. Patterson, Kiran D. K. Ahuja, Lisa Dalton, Sandra Murray, Roger Hughes, Nuala M. Byrne, Andrew P. Hills
Summary: This study aims to reduce the incidence of obesity and related diseases through social prescribing, peer education, and health screening, increase service and workforce connectivity and collaboration, and enhance health and well-being by improving food literacy, physical literacy, mental health, and community connectedness.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Roger Hughes, Kiran D. K. Ahuja, Kira A. E. Patterson, Timothy P. P. Holloway, Robert Soward, Sisitha Jayasinghe, Nuala M. M. Byrne, Andrew P. P. Hills
Summary: This study aimed to determine the determinants, needs, strategic priorities, and capacity to act on overweight and obesity prevention in North-West Tasmania by engaging and consulting local community stakeholders. The results showed that mental health and obesity were major concerns and shared similar determinants. The study identified health promotion capacity assets and deficits, highlighting the need for stakeholder consultations in future programs for obesity prevention and health promotion.
HEALTH PROMOTION JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
(2023)
Review
Rehabilitation
E. Jovic, K. D. K. Ahuja, K. Lawler, S. Hardcastle, M. L. Bird
Summary: This study reviewed the literature on carer-supported home-based exercise programs for people after stroke. The research found that there is significant variation in the training carers receive, and these exercise programs have positive effects on the physical activity levels and functional mobility of stroke patients.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rebecca Kuriyan, Andrew P. Hills, Alexia Murphy-Alford, Ramya Padmanabha, Lukhanyo H. Nyati, Nuala M. Byrne, Anura V. Kurpad, Shane Norris
Summary: 3C-model estimates of body composition in infants differed between countries; further studies are needed to confirm these findings and investigate the causes for the differences.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ina S. Santos, Caroline S. Costa, Andrew P. Hills, Shabina Ariff, V. Pujitha Wickramasinghe, Shane Norris, Alexia J. Murphy-Alford, Christine Slater, Nishani Lucas, Lukhanyo H. Nyati, Anura V. Kurpad, Kiran D. K. Ahuja, Rebecca Kuriyan
Summary: This study aimed to investigate factors associated with infant body composition and found that birth weight and breastfeeding are independent predictors of body composition in early life, regardless of sex.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Seonad K. Madden, Kiran D. K. Ahuja, Claire Blewitt, Briony Hill, Andrew P. Hills, Helen Skouteris
Summary: This paper examines the complex link between work and health outcomes for preconception, pregnant, and postpartum women, proposing a systems-thinking approach to understand the pathways between paid work and health for individual women and improve their health outcomes.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Manoja P. Herath, Andrew P. Hills, Jeffrey M. Beckett, Sisitha Jayasinghe, Nuala M. Byrne, Kiran D. K. Ahuja
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the trends and associations of maternal characteristics and birthweight among Indigenous and non-Indigenous infants. The study used retrospective population-based data from Tasmania to assess the trends and associations between maternal characteristics and infant birthweight. The results showed that Indigenous mothers had a higher prevalence of risk factors compared to non-Indigenous mothers, and there were significant differences in the rates of increase in certain risk factors between the two groups.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Manoja P. Herath, Sandra Murray, Meron Lewis, Timothy P. Holloway, Roger Hughes, Sisitha Jayasinghe, Robert Soward, Kira A. E. Patterson, Nuala M. Byrne, Amanda J. Lee, Andrew P. Hills, Kiran D. K. Ahuja
Summary: Understanding food prices and affordability is crucial for promoting healthy dietary habits and informing policy actions. A study in Northwest Tasmania found that the recommended healthy diet was cheaper and had slower cost growth compared to the habitual unhealthy diet. The habitual diet was unaffordable for low-income households while the recommended diet posed a risk of food stress for some groups. Interventions such as financial support, nutrition education, and price regulation can help address food insecurity in the region.