Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Joshua Mendez Harper, Corrado Cimarelli, Valeria Cigala, Ulrich Kueppers, Josef Dufek
Summary: Volcanic eruptions are associated with various electrostatic effects, with discharges potentially being driven by size-dependent bipolar charging (SDBC) and contact electrification. Particles leaving the discharge area remain electrified, potentially driving electrostatic processes higher in the column.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eric L. Newland, Nicola Mingotti, Andrew W. Woods
Summary: This passage describes the deposits from explosive submarine eruptions found in the deep sea and the model of a turbulent fountain. Laboratory experiments show that sedimentation at the top of the fountain enables some of the hot water to continue rising as a buoyant plume and form fall deposits. The study of the controls on the concurrent fall and flow deposits is important for understanding submarine eruptions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Luca Caricchi, Meredith Townsend, Eleonora Rivalta, Atsuko Namiki
Summary: Understanding the storage, release, and ascent of magma is crucial for predicting volcanic activity, and requires an interdisciplinary approach that combines real-time monitoring and geophysical surveys with petrology and volcanic eruptive history.
NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lara Mani, Asaf Tzachor, Paul Cole
Summary: Globalisation has led to the clustering of critical infrastructure systems near lower-magnitude volcanic centres, posing the risk of moderate volcanic eruptions having cascading catastrophic effects. Risk assessments should take into account this emerging risk landscape.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Gabrielle Tepp, Robert P. Dziak
Summary: Many submarine eruptions have been recorded through seismo-acoustic signals since 1939, providing valuable information about the activity of hidden underwater volcanoes. Real-time monitoring and study of submarine eruptions have increased our understanding of deep-sea volcanoes, but there are still many questions that need to be addressed in order to fully understand and monitor submarine volcanoes.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2021)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeff Tollefson
Summary: Manuscripts provide detailed accounts of phenomena like the 'disappearing' Moon.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gilles Seropian, Ben M. Kennedy, Thomas R. Walter, Mie Ichihara, Arthur D. Jolly
Summary: Tectonic earthquakes may trigger volcanic activity by affecting parameters such as magma viscosity, degassing systems, and the presence of hydrothermal activity. Activity in volcanoes may increase in the 2-5 years following an earthquake, especially in volcanic centers with active hydrothermal systems.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jia Yue, Steven D. Miller, William C. Straka, Yoo-Jeong Noh, Min-Yang Chou, Ralph Kahn, Verity Flower
Summary: This study reports on mesoscale concentric gravity waves observed in the mesopause airglow layer following the La Soufriere volcano eruption in April 2021. The launch of gravity waves was found to be highly correlated with the elevated ash plume from explosive eruptions.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Seungmok Paik, Seung-Ki Min, Soon-Il An
Summary: This study examines the changes in daily precipitation distribution in low-latitude regions following volcanic eruptions. Observations and simulations reveal consistent decreases in precipitation intensity, particularly in monsoon regions, accompanied by changes in the frequency of moderate to heavy precipitation. Moisture budget analysis shows that reduced vertical moisture advection is the dominant process reshaping the distribution of daily precipitation. The simulations also suggest a robust occurrence of El Niño, which enhances drying responses.
WEATHER AND CLIMATE EXTREMES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jens Karstens, Jonas Preine, Gareth J. Crutchley, Steffen Kutterolf, Willem G. M. van der Bilt, Emilie E. E. Hooft, Timothy H. Druitt, Florian Schmid, Jan Magne Cederstrom, Christian Huebscher, Paraskevi Nomikou, Steven Carey, Michel Kuehn, Judith Elger, Christian Berndt
Summary: In this study, seismic reflection and P-wave tomography datasets were integrated with computed tomography-derived sedimentological analyses to estimate the volume of the iconic Minoan eruption. The results revealed a total eruption volume of 34.5 +/- 6.8 km(3), with different proportions of tephra fall deposits, ignimbrites, intra-caldera deposits, and lithics. These volume estimates were consistent with an independent caldera collapse reconstruction. The findings demonstrate the importance of complementary geophysical and sedimentological datasets for reliable eruption volume estimates and volcanic hazard assessments.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael A. Clare, Isobel A. Yeo, Sally Watson, Richard Wysoczanski, Sarah Seabrook, Kevin Mackay, James E. Hunt, Emily Lane, Peter J. Talling, Edward Pope, Shane Cronin, Marta Ribo, Taaniela Kula, David Tappin, Stuart Henrys, Cornel de Ronde, Morelia Urlaub, Stefan Kutterolf, Samuiela Fonua, Semisi Panuve, Dean Veverka, Ronald Rapp, Valey Kamalov, Michael Williams
Summary: Volcanic eruptions directly into the ocean trigger extremely fast and long-runout seafloor currents that are faster than those triggered by earthquakes, floods, or storms, potentially cutting off a nation from the rest of the world.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
J. Taddeucci, C. Cimarelli, M. A. Alatorre-Ibarguengoitia, H. Delgado-Granados, D. Andronico, E. Del Bello, P. Scarlato, F. Di Stefano
Summary: This study investigates the fragmentation mechanism of basaltic magmas during explosive eruptions through field sampling and laboratory experiments. The results show that brittle fracturing and viscous healing impact gas mobility, stress distribution, and bubble and crystal size distributions in magma.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
J. D. Pesicek, S. E. Ogburn, S. G. Prejean
Summary: This study examines the impact of tectonic and magmatic processes on volcanic seismic activity through statistical analysis of earthquakes near volcanoes worldwide, proposing a model for volcanic eruption forecasting and detection.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2021)
Editorial Material
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
D. Zanchettin
Summary: This study reveals that volcanic activity may have a stronger impact on future climate change than previously believed, increasing the uncertainty of climate projections. It highlights the need to accurately incorporate volcanic forcing in future climate scenarios and calls for further improvements in the representation of volcano-climate interactions. This research emphasizes the limitations of climate model experiments and urges better communication of natural climate variability and associated uncertainties to the public.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Francesco S. R. Pausata, Yang Zhao, Davide Zanchettin, Rodrigo Caballero, David S. S. Battisti
Summary: Sensitivity experiments with an Earth System Model reveal the impact mechanisms of tropical volcanic eruptions on ENSO. The cooling of tropical northern Africa (NAFR) plays the largest role, while the ocean dynamical thermostat (ODT) mechanism is absent in these simulations.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Grace F. Manley, Tamsin A. Mather, David M. Pyle, David A. Clifton, Mel Rodgers, Glenn Thompson, John Makario Londono
Summary: In this study, an approach to volcano-seismic event classification using active learning is proposed. The results show that models with data selected using active learning achieve better accuracy and AUC compared to random sampling. Additionally, active learning reduces the burden of labeling for certain datasets.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Edward Hanna, Karen Aplin, Halldor Bjornsson, Robert G. Bryant, John Cappelen, Robert Fausto, Xavier Fettweis, Edward Graham, R. Giles Harrison, Trausti Jonsson, John Penman, Dilkushi de Alwis Pitts, Alexander J. Bilton
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Annika Voigt, Michael Cassidy, Jonathan M. Castro, David M. Pyle, Tamsin A. Mather, Christoph Helo, Mirzam Abdurrachman, Idham Andri Kurniawan
Summary: This study investigates the pre-eruptive magma reservoir conditions and volatile storage capacities of the Samalas-Rinjani volcanic complex using the 1257 Samalas eruption as a case study. The results reveal that the pre-eruptive magma storage depth is significantly shallower than the currently active magma system at Rinjani. The findings suggest that accumulation of magma in one place, rather than the rapid extraction of magma from a vertically extensive system, is responsible for highly explosive eruptions of intermediate alkaline magma.
JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
David J. Colby, David M. Pyle, Karen Fontijn, Tamsin A. Mather, Abate A. Melaku, Million A. Mengesha, Gezahegn Yirgu
Summary: The Corbetti Caldera, located within the East African Rift, is an important site for studying peralkaline volcanism. A detailed study of the eruptive deposits in the area revealed evidence of multiple large-scale eruptions, contributing to our understanding of Corbetti's evolution. The findings provide valuable information for potential geothermal exploration and hazard assessment.
JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Antonio Capponi, Steve J. Lane, Jennie S. Gilbert, David G. Macfarlane, Duncan A. Robertson, Mike R. James
Summary: Volcanic plumes pose a hazard to aviation and society, and accurate forecasting of plume dispersion is essential for hazard mitigation. However, uncertainties in model input parameters and particle sedimentation processes contribute to the accuracy of forecasts. In this study, a new experimental apparatus is designed to investigate the dynamics of free-falling volcanic particles, providing insights for improving the parameterization of volcanic plume dynamics.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Z. Taracsak, T. A. Mather, S. Ding, T. Plank, M. Brounce, D. M. Pyle, A. Aiuppa
Summary: Sulfur is of crucial importance in the Earth system and plays a key role in various processes. Subduction zones significantly impact the global sulfur cycle, and arc magmas have distinct sulfur characteristics compared to mid-ocean ridge basalts. The study analyzes the sulfur isotopic composition of primary arc magmas and suggests that an oxidized slab component contributes to the elevated sulfur contents and oxidizing conditions observed in arc magmas globally.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
R. Giles Harrison, Keri A. Nicoll, Manoj Joshi, Ed Hawkins
Summary: The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a persistent relationship with the global atmospheric electric circuit (GEC), with ENSO-induced precipitation changes affecting the circuit. By analyzing historical atmospheric electricity data, a correlation between ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and GEC signals is revealed. This teleconnection through electrical means is unexplored and may have implications for stratiform cloud microphysics. Additionally, the ENSO-GEC relationship can act as a quality test for historical atmospheric electricity data and reduce uncertainties in SST reconstruction.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jun Shen, Jiubin Chen, Jianxin Yu, Thomas J. Algeo, Roger M. H. Smith, Jennifer Botha, Tracy D. Frank, Christopher R. Fielding, Peter D. Ward, Tamsin A. Mather
Summary: The Permian mass extinction was caused by volcanic activity in the Siberian Traps, and the land records from southern Pangea provide evidence of long-distance atmospheric transfer of volcanogenic mercury during this event. These findings demonstrate the far-reaching effects of the Siberian Traps and refine the stratigraphic placement of the extinction interval in the Karoo Basin.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jean-Francois Smekens, Tamsin A. Mather, Mike R. Burton, Alessandro La Spina, Khristopher Kabbabe, Benjamin Esse, Matthew Varnam, Roy G. Grainger
Summary: Field-portable Open Path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometers are used to remotely measure the composition of volcanic plumes, providing valuable data on gas emissions. A fast retrieval algorithm is presented to estimate quantities of gas, ash, and sulphate aerosols, and the results from two pilot campaigns on Stromboli volcano are validated. The algorithm accurately identifies ash-rich plumes and gas bursts associated with explosions and quantifies the particle sizes and mass column densities of ash and sulphate aerosols in the plume.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Mark C. Prosser, Paul D. Williams, Graeme J. Marlton, R. Giles Harrison
Summary: Using modern reanalysis data, we have found clear evidence of an increase in clear-air turbulence (CAT) globally from 1979 to 2020, particularly at midlatitudes and aircraft cruising altitudes. For example, at a typical point over the North Atlantic, the annual duration of light-or-greater CAT increased by 17%, while moderate-or greater CAT increased by 37% and severe-or-greater CAT increased by 55%. Similar increases were observed over the continental USA. This study provides the strongest evidence yet of the increasing presence of CAT over the past four decades.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
William D. Harcourt, Duncan A. Robertson, David G. Macfarlane, Brice R. Rea, Matteo Spagnolo, Douglas I. Benn, Mike R. James
Summary: This letter reviews the potential of millimetre-wave radar at 94 GHz to obtain high-resolution 3-D measurements of glaciers under most weather conditions, providing detailed glacier surface information.
ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Henrik H. Svensen, Morgan T. Jones, Lawrence M. E. Percival, Stephen E. Grasby, Tamsin A. Mather
Summary: This study investigates the behavior of mercury (Hg) during contact metamorphism of shales and finds significant loss of sedimentary Hg due to gaseous emissions. The research also estimates the Hg mobilization from the aureoles and the flux of Hg emission during sill emplacement, suggesting a significant perturbation of the global Hg cycle. These findings provide important information for understanding the relationship between large igneous province activity and global environmental change.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
R. Giles Harrison, Veronica Escobar-Ruiz, Keri A. Nicoll, Maarten H. P. Ambaum
Summary: Measurement of emission current at high voltage is important to monitor ion production. Using LED brightness as an alternative measurement method improves low current sensitivity. The simplicity of using a discrete LED is suitable for new applications of ion emission.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
R. Giles Harrison, Kristian Schlegel
Summary: Reinhold Reiter conducted atmospheric electricity measurements and other environmental measurements from 1950 to 1990 near Garmisch-Partenkirchen, including measurements of atmospheric potential gradient, vertical current, and ion concentrations. Digital data from observations made at Mount Wank from August 1, 1972 to December 31, 1983 are available.
HISTORY OF GEO- AND SPACE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Margot J. Cramwinckel, Robin van der Ploeg, Niels A. G. M. van Helmond, Niels Waarlo, Claudia Agnini, Peter K. Bijl, Annique van der Boon, Henk Brinkhuis, Joost Frieling, Wout Krijgsman, Tamsin A. Mather, Jack J. Middelburg, Francien Peterse, Caroline P. Slomp, Appy Sluijs
Summary: This study investigates the climate change mechanisms and factors influencing the middle Eocene climatic optimum through the assessment of sedimentary and geochemical data in the northern Peri-Tethys region. The results suggest that the significant organic carbon burial in the Kuma Formation played a quantitative role in the termination of the middle Eocene climatic optimum. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of the interplay between global climate and regional oceanic evolution.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
(2022)