Review
Neurosciences
Mariusz J. Kujawa, Anna B. Marcinkowska, Malgorzata Grzywinska, Monika Waskow, Alexander Romanowski, Edyta Szurowska, Pawel J. Winklewski, Arkadiusz Szarmach
Summary: New imaging sequences and biophysical models make it possible to use MRI for in vivo myelin mapping in humans. Understanding the influence of physical activity on myelination/remyelination is crucial for designing exercise and rehabilitation schemes for the aging population and patients with neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides an overview of MRI studies in humans, highlighting the effects of physical activity on myelin content. The findings suggest that physical activity and an active lifestyle have a positive impact on myelin expansion in humans throughout their lifespan.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Abdulrahman M. Dera, Tonghui Shen, Alice E. Thackray, Elanor C. Hinton, James A. King, Lewis James, Paul S. Morgan, Nathan Rush, Masashi Miyashita, Rachel L. Batterham, David J. Stensel
Summary: This systematic review investigated the influence of physical activity on neural responses to visual food-cues measured by fMRI. The findings suggest that structured acute and chronic exercise can decrease food-cue reactivity in various brain regions, especially when viewing high-energy-density food cues. Cross-sectional studies also demonstrate that higher levels of self-reported physical activity are associated with lower reactivity to food-cues, particularly high-energy-density cues. These results indicate that physical activity may affect brain food-cue reactivity in regions involved in motivation, emotion, and reward processing.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Bin Qin, Shuolin Liang, Shiting Tang, Huo Liang, Yunli Zhang, Zhijian Liang
Summary: MHE is a common complication of decompensated cirrhosis, and previous studies have yielded inconsistent findings regarding the alterations in spontaneous brain activity in MHE patients. This meta-analysis identified consistent regional activity alterations involving the left superior frontal gyrus and median cingulate/paracingulate gyri in MHE patients.
Review
Neurosciences
Lisa Meyer-Baese, Harrison Watters, Shella Keilholz
Summary: This mini-review summarizes the research progress on different spatiotemporal dynamic patterns in four commonly used modalities: electrophysiological recordings, optical imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and electroencephalography. It discusses the signal sources, potential sources of the observed dynamics, and future directions for each modality.
Article
Neurosciences
Luyao Xu, Hongchun Wei, Zhongwen Sun, Tongpeng Chu, Min Li, Ruhui Liu, Li Jiang, Zhigang Liang
Summary: This study investigates the dynamic alterations in spontaneous neural activity of the brain during the acute phase of post-stroke aphasia (PSA) using dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF). The study finds greater variance of dALFF in the cerebellar network (CBN) and left fronto-temporo-parietal network (FTPN) in the PSA group. Moreover, it identifies two dALFF states among PSA patients, with a higher number of transitions between the states compared to healthy controls.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Roberta Sclocco, Christopher Nguyen, Rowan Staley, Harrison Fisher, April Mendez, Christopher Velez, Norman W. Kettner, Braden Kuo, Vitaly Napadow
Summary: Assessment of gastric function in humans has traditionally relied on invasive methods that evaluate single aspects of gastric function. A non-invasive approach using dynamic MRI has shown promise in simultaneously assessing multiple aspects of gastric function in healthy subjects. MRI may serve as an important clinical tool for evaluating impaired gastric function.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
Florian Michallek, Sevtap Tugce Ulas, Denis Poddubnyy, Fabian Proft, Udo Schneider, Kay-Geert A. Hermann, Marc Dewey, Torsten Diekhoff
Summary: This study establishes fractal analysis as a novel method to quantitatively assess inflammatory activity based on angiogenesis in synovitis. Fractal dimension achieved highly significant discriminability for different degrees of inflammatory activity and can accurately detect cases where inflammatory activity is underestimated by the conventional evaluation method.
Article
Neurosciences
Laura Bonzano, Ambra Bisio, Ludovico Pedulla, Giampaolo Brichetto, Marco Bove
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate differences in brain activation patterns during handwriting between individuals with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and healthy controls (HC), in order to identify specific areas related to handwriting tempo. The results showed that PwMS differed in temporal handwriting features from HC, and the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) might be considered a writing tempo center.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Haojia Li, Hongsen Liao, Chen Zhang, Yajie Xu, Xiaomin Xu, Yuchen Chen, Shaozheng Song, Qian Li, Yanna Si, Hongguang Bao
Summary: This study investigated changes in functional activities and brain metabolites in the hippocampus in sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) rats using fMRI and 1H-MRS. The results show that the elevated ALFF value, Glx/Cr ratio, and mI/Cr ratio in the hippocampus were positively associated with cognitive deficits, suggesting that these changes could serve as potential neuroimaging biomarkers for cognitive disorders in patients with SAE.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rebecca R. Baker, Christopher Payne, Yichao Yu, Matin Mohseni, John J. Connell, Fangyu Lin, Ian F. Harrison, Paul Southern, Umesh S. Rudrapatna, Daniel J. Stuckey, Tammy L. Kalber, Bernard Siow, Lewis Thorne, Shonit Punwani, Derek K. Jones, Mark Emberton, Quentin A. Pankhurst, Mark F. Lythgoe
Summary: Magnetic resonance navigation is an emergent technique that allows for remote control of magnetically labeled therapies and devices using an MRI system. The MINIMA technique, a novel MRI-guided ablation technique, has the potential to avoid traditional toxicities and offers precise control over the ablation volume.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Prabu Periyathambi, Thiagarajan Hemalatha
Summary: Curcumin is a safe and effective anticancer drug, but its poor solubility limits its bioavailability. Researchers have developed a novel platform by grafting curcumin onto magnetic nanoparticles, improving its solubility and bioavailability for potential in vivo biomedical applications.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Min Liu, Jiang Li, Juan Li, Hui Yang, Qianqian Yao, Xiuzhu Zheng, Zheng Zhang, Jian Qin
Summary: This study aims to investigate the changes in brain activity in patients with diabetic osteoporosis and their correlation with bone metabolites. The findings suggest that osteoporosis worsens cognitive impairment and brain damage.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xingtong Liu, Yun Su, Mengda Jiang, Sijie Fang, Yazhuo Huang, Yinwei Li, Sisi Zhong, Yang Wang, Shuo Zhang, Yu Wu, Jing Sun, Xianqun Fan, Huifang Zhou
Summary: T2-SIRs and n-ADC values are valuable MRI indicators for evaluating inflammatory activity and monitoring the efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatment in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Combination of n-ADC values with CAS may serve as promising predictive factors for disease stages.
ENDOCRINE PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lemin He, Wei Guo, Jianfeng Qiu, Xingwei An, Weizhao Lu
Summary: The study revealed differences in spontaneous brain activity between premenopausal and perimenopausal women, with alterations in the right lingual gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus. In perimenopausal women, there were correlations between levels of estradiol and brain functions in regions related to cognitive function, suggesting a direct association between hormone levels and brain activity during menopause transition.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Ilona Polvoy, Youngho Seo, Matthew Parker, Megan Stewart, Khadija Siddiqua, Harrison S. Manacsa, Vahid Ravanfar, Joseph Blecha, Thomas A. Hope, Henry Vanbrocklin, Robert R. Flavell, Jeffrey Barry, Erik Hansen, Javier E. Villanueva-Meyer, Joanne Engel, Oren S. Rosenberg, David M. Wilson, Michael A. Ohliger
Summary: This study described the use of D-C-11-Met in patients with suspected prosthetic joint infections. The results showed increased uptake of D-C-11-Met in areas of suspected infection, with favorable radiation profile and minimal background uptake.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2022)