Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kamila P. Liput, Adam Lepczynski, Magdalena Ogluszka, Agata Nawrocka, Ewa Polawska, Agata Grzesiak, Brygida Slaska, Chandra S. Pareek, Urszula Czarnik, Mariusz Pierzchala
Summary: It is recommended to reduce saturated fatty acids (SFA) and increase polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-3 and n-6 in the diet to lower the risk of metabolic disorders. Western-type diet often contains excessive n-6 PUFAs and a high n-6/n-3 ratio. Oxylipins derived from n-3 and n-6 PUFAs play a role in inflammation, while PUFAs have varying effects on cell growth, proliferation, and neoplastic lesion progression, as observed in in vitro studies, animal models, and epidemiological studies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel K. Chen, Adam H. Metherel, Kimia Rezaei, Camilla Parzanini, Chuck T. Chen, Christopher E. Ramsden, Mark Horowitz, Keturah R. Faurot, Beth Macintosh, Daisy Zamora, Richard P. Bazinet
Summary: This study used natural variations in the 13C:12C ratio of food to analyze the metabolism of LNA and EPA to DHA. The results showed that after LNA intake, plasma LNA concentrations remained unchanged while the 613C signature of LNA in the H6 group increased over time. In contrast, the H3H6 and H3 groups demonstrated an increase in plasma EPA and DHA concentrations after EPA intake. Additionally, compound-specific isotope analysis can be used to track the metabolism of dietary fatty acids in humans.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rachel E. Walker, Chesney K. Richter, Ann C. Skulas-Ray, Michael R. Flock, Brian A. Harsch, Carmen E. Annevelink, Penny M. Kris-Etherton, Gordon L. Jensen, Gregory C. Shearer
Summary: This study investigated the effect of prescription ω-3 acid ethyl esters on the lipid response to an endotoxin challenge. The results showed that it can alter the lipid composition by increasing the availability of ω-3 oxylipins for resolution of the inflammatory response.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Marcella Whetsell, Edward Rayburn, Don Swartz, Stanley Fultz
Summary: This study analyzed the changes in omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid content in cool-season grasses. The results showed that different grass species and seasons had varying effects on the concentrations of linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Based on these findings, managing species diversity in pastures to increase and stabilize the content of omega-3 fatty acids in meat and milk products is valuable.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ivana Djuricic, Philip C. Calder
Summary: Oxidative stress and inflammation are important contributors to chronic non-communicable diseases. Different types of fatty acids have varying effects on chronic diseases, with moderate intake of Ω-6 fatty acids lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases and Ω-3 fatty acids helping to reduce inflammation levels.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Noelia Rodriguez-Iglesias, Agnes Nadjar, Amanda Sierra, Jorge Valero
Summary: The dietary balance of n-6/n-3 PUFAs can affect adult hippocampal neurogenesis and glia in a sex-dependent manner. In mice, a deficiency in n-3 PUFAs exacerbates the reduction in neuroblast number caused by the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Akira Shikuma, Daisuke Kami, Ryotaro Maeda, Yosuke Suzuki, Arata Sano, Toshihiko Taya, Takehiro Ogata, Anne Konkel, Satoaki Matoba, Wolf-Hagen Schunck, Satoshi Gojo
Summary: EEQ-A exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, improving survival rate and reducing organ damage in sepsis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roberta Cardim Lessa, Fabio de Abreu Alves, Erika Fortunati, Jun Lu
Summary: Oral mucositis (OM) is a painful condition caused by cancer treatments, impacting patients' quality of life and recovery. Current management strategies are insufficient, necessitating a search for new approaches. Utilizing ω-3 fatty acids to manage OM may be an effective strategy based on preliminary evidence.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Woojung Yang, Jong Hun Lee, Jae-woo Lee, Yonghwan Kim, Ye-Seul Kim, Hyo-Sun You, Hee-Taik Kang
Summary: The study found an association between omega 3FA ratio and subclinical inflammation in men, with a decrease in prevalence of subclinical inflammation in males as the omega 3FA ratio increased. However, there was no significant difference in prevalence among quartile groups in females.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mark Messina, Gregory Shearer, Kristina Petersen
Summary: Replacing saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats is recommended to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Soybean oil, a leading edible oil consumed globally and in the US, has been shown to lower blood cholesterol levels without affecting inflammation or increasing oxidative stress. Health agencies emphasize the importance of consuming sufficient amounts of each type of fat rather than focusing on the omega-6 to omega-3 dietary ratio.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Lena Stiefvatter, Katja Lehnert, Konstantin Frick, Alexander Montoya-Arroyo, Jan Frank, Walter Vetter, Ulrike Schmid-Staiger, Stephan C. Bischoff
Summary: The microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT) is a valuable source of nutrients such as proteins, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), carotenoids like fucoxanthin (FX), and beta-glucans. Intake of PT leads to an increase in n-3 PUFA and EPA levels, while also decreasing the n-6:n-3 ratio in plasma. The study shows that PT is a safe and effective source of EPA and other nutrients, suggesting its potential as a sustainable food source.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Priyanshi Sikka, Tapan Behl, Sanchay Sharma, Aayush Sehgal, Saurabh Bhatia, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Sukhbir Singh, Neelam Sharma, Lotfi Aleya
Summary: Ω-3 fatty acids are recognized for their benefits on physical and mental health, primarily obtained from fish and fish products. Adequate intake of Ω-3 fatty acids can improve brain function and neuronal function, reduce depressive symptoms, and have fewer side effects compared to antidepressants.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Richard L. Weinberg, Robert D. Brook, Melvyn Rubenfire, Kim A. Eagle
Summary: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids play a key role in heart-healthy diet, and can be obtained through fatty fish consumption or fish oil supplementation. They not only treat hypertriglyceridemia, but also prevent cardiovascular events, with additional benefits such as reducing inflammation and improving plaque stability.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gemma Chiva-Blanch, Oriol Giro, Montserrat Cofan, Alfonso L. Calle-Pascual, Elias Delgado, Ramon Gomis, Amanda Jimenez, Josep Franch-Nadal, Gemma Rojo Martinez, Emilio Ortega
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the association between fatty acids in red blood cell membranes and incident type 2 diabetes in a Spanish population. The results showed that lower percentages of certain fatty acids and higher percentages of others were associated with worse glucose metabolism. Higher percentages of certain fatty acids were also associated with lower risk of diabetes. Dietary patterns rich in vegetables were independently associated with lower risk of glucose regulation deterioration and incident diabetes.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Massimiliano Ruscica, Cesare R. Sirtori, Stefano Carugo, Philip C. Calder, Alberto Corsini
Summary: Elevated triglycerides play an important role in residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Omega-3 fatty acids may lower cardiovascular risk through various mechanisms. The ethyl ester of omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid offers a promising therapeutic option for reducing ASCVD risk.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chong-Su Kim
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in brain function through the gut-brain axis. This review highlights the effects of gut microbiota-derived dietary metabolites on cell-to-cell interactions in the central nervous system, particularly microglia, astrocytes, and neuronal cells, affecting cognitive function, mood, and behavior. The review also discusses the potential of diet-induced microbial metabolite-based therapies as novel approaches to mental health treatment.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2024)