期刊
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
卷 43, 期 3, 页码 647-656出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.12.001
关键词
Cattle overwintering; Upland pasture; Soil fungal community; DGGE; PLFA; Cultivation
类别
资金
- research intention of the Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.
- Institute of Soil Biology [AV0Z60660521]
- Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [LC 06066]
- Czech Science Foundation [526/09/1570]
- Grant Agency of the University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice [7/2007/P-PrF]
Overwintering cattle outdoors causes soil surface disturbance, substantial increases of soil N-tot, C-org, and Panda shift in pH to alkaline levels. Since fungi predominate in unfertilized soils with acidic pH and have filamentous hyphae, we hypothesized that changes caused by overwintering cattle outdoors (trampling, excreta returns, and changes in soil chemistry) will lead to suppressed species richness, lower biomass, and alter the structure of fungal communities. The research was conducted on an upland pasture used more than 10 years for cattle overwintering. Both culture-dependent and -independent methods were used for the determination of either fungal species composition (cultivation: DGGE) or biomass (numbers of CFU; concentration of fungal PLEA marker 18:2 omega 6,9). Soils under three different levels of cattle disturbance (S - severe, M - moderate, C - no disturbance/control) were investigated during three subsequent years. In addition, the DGGE analysis of soils was completed by comparison with analysis of fresh cattle excrements (Ex). The composition of fungal communities showed significantly higher richness and a substantial shift in species composition in cattle-disturbed soils (S, M) in comparison to the non-disturbed soil (C). The number of separated DGGE bands was significantly higher in S (30.67 +/- 1.63; mean +/- SD) and M (25.50 +/- 1.64) soils than in the C soil (19.33 +/- 1.75). Sequencing of typical bands revealed common fungal genera - Alternaria, Penicillium, Fusarium, Rhizopus, Isaria, and Metarhizium. Profiles of the S soil were enriched by bands of rumen-born anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastix, Cyllamyces) occurring mainly in profiles of excrements, where relatively low band richness (14.33 +/- 1.15) was observed. The increasing level of cattle disturbance induced an increase in the biomass of complex fungal community over the three-year experimental period from 3.39 +/- 2.11 (mean +/- SD) nmol of fungal PLFA per gram of the C soil to 5.87 +/- 3.16 in the M soil and 9.21 +/- 4.69 in the S soil. Concentrations of soil N-tot and C-org were evaluated as the parameters significantly correlating with biomass as well as composition of the fungal community. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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