Article
Materials Science, Composites
Gaojian Lin, Jiaqi Li, Fei Li, Pengwan Chen, Weifu Sun
Summary: This study proposes a method to improve the impact resistance of sandwich composite panels (SCPs) by filling the honeycomb core with shear-thickening gel (STG) mixed with silica particles. Experimental results show that the STG-filled honeycomb core effectively decreases penetration depth and reduces impact damage of the SCPs.
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Li Sun, Minghai Wei, Jie Zhu
Summary: The impregnation of STF can effectively enhance the impact resistance performance of the three FRP types, with different effects and mechanisms observed. The STF significantly improves the mechanical performance of CFRP, while it changes the mechanical mechanism of GFRP.
Review
Polymer Science
Haiqing Liu, Kunkun Fu, Xiaoyu Cui, Huixin Zhu, Bin Yang
Summary: Shear thickening fluid (STF) is a dense colloidal suspension that exhibits a significant increase in viscosity under high shear rates. This study provides a comprehensive review of the application of STFs. It discusses various shear thickening mechanisms, the use of STF impregnated fabric composites to enhance impact resistance, and recent developments in using STF as dampers and shock absorbers. Additionally, novel applications such as acoustic structures, STF-TENG, and electrospun nonwoven mats are summarized, along with suggestions for future research directions and potential trends for STF applications.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tao Hai, Fahad Mohammed Alhomayani, Kamal Sharma
Summary: A series of shear thickening fluids (STFs) based on dispersed fumed silica in virgin polyethylene glycol (V/PEG) and modified PEGs by malonic acid (M/PEG) and tartaric acid (T/PEG) were prepared. The modification of PEG to a higher chain length of medium molecules significantly improved STF peak viscosity and reduced the critical shear rate. The treated fabrics with V/STF, M/STF, and T/STF showed remarkable improvement in high-velocity impact resistance compared to the neat fabric targets.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Lalin Lam, Wensu Chen, Hong Hao, Zhejian Li
Summary: This study proposes a novel approach to enhance the crushing efficiency and energy-absorbing performance of origami metastructure by incorporating shear thickening fluid (STF). The numerical investigation using LS-DYNA shows that the proposed STF-filled origami metastructure can generate a higher and more steady crushing force without inducing a significantly high initial peak force. The filled height and viscosity of STF, as well as the origami folding angle, significantly affect the energy-absorbing efficiency and crushing performance of the structure.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Xin Zhang, Pengfei Wang, Anatoli Kurkin, Qian Chen, Xinglong Gong, Zhong Zhang, En-Hua Yang, Jinglei Yang
Summary: The study found that the strength and modulus of STF-filled tubes increase with strain rate, and the energy absorption capacity also increases with the input impact energy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Lalin Lam, Wensu Chen, Hong Hao, Zhejian Li, Ngoc San Ha, Thong M. Pham
Summary: This study proposes a novel Bio-Inspired Energy-Absorbing Device (BIEAD) that utilizes the shear thickening characteristics of a shear thickening fluid (STF). The device mimics the viscoelastic material found in the suture interfaces of headbutting animals and woodpecker beaks to achieve recoverable energy absorption. Unlike conventional structures, the proposed device dissipates impact energy through viscous dissipation and internal friction of the STF. It shows good energy absorption capacity and can slowly recover after impact.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Mohammad Rauf Sheikhi, Selim Gurgen
Summary: This study enhances the energy absorption performance of multi-layer composites by introducing shear thickening fluid (STF), which results in increased energy absorption capacity and rates, as well as reduced impact forces. The specific structure Config12 is shown to be the most effective design, distributing impact energy throughout the entire structure during impact.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jingzhao Zheng, Qing Liu, Wei Wei, Ying Lu, Shixing Wang, Hongxiang Chen, Yang Zhou
Summary: Controlling the surface roughness of silica nanoparticles is crucial for enhancing the rheological properties of silica-based shear thickening fluids. The synthesis of raspberry-shaped silica nanoparticles through the coupling of different functional groups demonstrates the potential to connect distinct rheological phenomena and surface chemical functionalized materials. Experimental results indicate that the surface roughness and covalent force of the silica nanoparticles greatly influence the shear thickening phenomenon.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Justin Warren, Mike Cole, Sean Offenberger, Kalyan Raj Kota, Thomas E. Lacy, Hossein Toghiani, Mark Burchell, Santanu Kundu, Charles U. Pittman
Summary: The study investigated the use of honeycomb core sandwich panels filled with a shear thickening fluid (STF) for spacecraft shielding. Results showed that the STF-filled panels sustained significantly less damage compared to panels filled with a Newtonian fluid (PEG), indicating the potential for STFs to improve impact resistance in a broad range of conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Haiqing Liu, Kunkun Fu, Huixin Zhu, Bin Yang
Summary: This study measured the microstructures of silica and styrene/acrylate particles as well as the rheological behavior of three different STFs, and investigated the acoustic property and impact behavior of 3D printed structures filled with these STFs. The results showed that the structures filled with specific STFs had improved sound transmission loss but reduced sound absorption coefficient. Additionally, the study analyzed the internal damage mechanism and energy absorption of honeycomb structures filled with varying volume fractions of STFs under low-velocity impact loading, finding significant influence of STF volume fractions and nanoparticles hardness on the impact resistance of the 3D printed honeycomb structures.
SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Jialun Cheng, Lin Ye, Kunkun Fu, Hongjian Wang
Summary: This study found that the shape of the striker affects the energy absorption of STF, with flat-head strikers showing higher total impact energy absorption but lower maximum penetration depth compared to cone-shaped strikers. Additionally, as the diameter of the striker increased, the total impact energy absorption also increased with a decrease in penetration depth.
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Mohammad Parsa Rezaei, Grzegorz Kudra, Krzysztof Witkowski, Jan Awrejcewicz
Summary: This paper investigates the use of shear thickening fluid (STF) dampers to reduce vibrations in beam-based structures. The design and analysis of these systems are challenging due to the viscosity changes in STF with varying vibration frequencies. The behavior of STF dampers in different support configurations is analyzed, and the governing equations are derived and solved using Galerkin/Hencky's discretization methods. The findings reveal surprising dynamic behavior and suggest that the performance of STF dampers can be accurately predicted by analyzing the shape of force-velocity curves.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mariafederica Parisi, Giuseppe La Fauci, Nicola M. Pugno, Martino Colonna
Summary: This review focuses on the advantages of using shear thickening fluids (STFs) in sport protective equipment, including their high-energy dissipation effectiveness and nonlinear mechanical response. The preparation, application, and latest scientific research and patent literature on shear thickening gels (STGs) are reviewed in detail. Commercial products, such as helmets and body protectors, containing STFs are also discussed.
FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Mingmei Zhao, Jinqiu Zhang, Zhizhao Peng, Jian Zhang
Summary: The presence of nano-solid particles has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of shear thickening fluid (STF) and Kevlar composite fabric. For example, nano-diamond particles can enhance the viscosity and thickening ratio of the fluid, while high-temperature environments can reduce the shear thickening effect. Experimental results demonstrate that the maximum bearing capacity and absorption energy of neat Kevlar are inferior to STF-Kevlar composite fabrics with added nano-solid particles.
JOURNAL OF ENGINEERED FIBERS AND FABRICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mathieu Falbriard, Gregory Huot, Mathieu Janier, Rajasundar Chandran, Michael Rechsteiner, Veronique Michaud, Joel Cugnoni, John Botsis, Klaus Schonenberger, Kamiar Aminian
Summary: This article describes the development of a low-cost prosthetic foot with improved mobility for individuals in low-resource settings. Through collaboration with the ICRC and the use of numerical simulation and cost modeling tools, suitable materials and production processes were identified. Testing in the laboratory and in the field demonstrated the practicality of this prosthetic foot in improving mobility.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vincent Varanges, Baris Caglar, Yann Lebaupin, Till Batt, Weidong He, Jing Wang, Rene M. Rossi, Gilles Richner, Jean-Romain Delaloye, Veronique Michaud
Summary: This study found that different treatments of surgical masks can affect their performance. Folding, aging, and washing did not significantly impact the masks' air permeability and mechanical integrity, except for washing which slightly degraded the filtering layers. There was a strong correlation between electrostatic potential and filtration efficiency, indicating the importance of electrostatic charges in filtering small particles. Washing had a significant negative impact on the filtration efficiency, and it is not recommended. Public can consider a dry store and reuse strategy for surgical masks if safety in terms of viral and bacterial charge is ensured.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Baris Caglar, Guillaume Broggi, Muhammad A. Ali, Laurent Orgegas, Veronique Michaud
Summary: This work presents an efficient approach to predict the permeability of 3D microstructures using deep learning and circuit analogy. The method shows good prediction capability for images of different sizes.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lorenz P. Manker, Graham R. Dick, Adrien Demongeot, Maxime A. Hedou, Christele Rayroud, Thibault Rambert, Marie J. Jones, Irina Sulaeva, Mariella Vieli, Yves Leterrier, Antje Potthast, Francois Marechal, Veronique Michaud, Harm-Anton Klok, Jeremy S. Luterbacher
Summary: The direct transformation of the hemicellulosic fraction of non-edible biomass into a tricyclic diester plastic precursor is demonstrated, which can be further processed into amorphous polyesters with high mechanical properties and strong gas barriers. These materials also possess the ability of chemical recycling and degradation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Cecilia Scazzoli, Robin Trigueira, Amael Cohades, Veronique Michaud
Summary: This study proposes a novel and practical method to evaluate the healing efficiency of carbon-reinforced polymer composites. The capacity to recover low-velocity impact damage was evaluated through three-point bending flexural tests. The results show that laminates with +/- 45 degrees fiber orientation provide the best matrix healing efficiency.
FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Polymer Science
Maria A. Morales, Alejandro Maranon, Camilo Hernandez, Veronique Michaud, Alicia Porras
Summary: The article discusses the growing interest among researchers in developing eco-friendly materials based on recycled polymers and natural fiber biocomposites to minimize pollution from plastic and agroindustrial waste. The development of these new materials needs to be integrated within the concepts of circular economy to ensure sustainable production. Additionally, fused deposition modeling provides an efficient and sustainable method for using these materials in additive manufacturing.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wenyu Wu Klingler, Valentin Rougier, Zhenyu Huang, Dambarudhar Parida, Sandro Lehner, Andri Casutt, Daniel Rentsch, Karin Brandli Hedlund, Gion Andrea Barandun, Veronique Michaud, Sabyasachi Gaan
Summary: The development of reusable fire-safe polymers with a prolonged lifetime is important for transitioning towards a circular economy. A novel phosphonated thermoset was synthesized using a two-step methodology, showing good flame retardancy and reprocessability at phosphorus concentrations above 5%. This thermoset exhibited high Tg, good thermal stability, and demonstrated its potential for application as a polymer matrix in composite materials.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Vincent Werlen, Richard Vocke, Christian Brauner, Clemens Dransfeld, Veronique Michaud, Christian Rytka
Summary: A new model for the consolidation of hybrid textiles is proposed, considering air entrapment and dissolution. The key parameter of tow permeability is described by the analytical model of Gebart and validated through direct measurement. The model also accounts for the presence of fibers limiting gas diffusion in the molten polymer. Experimental validation of the model is conducted using glass textile and either polypropylene or polyethylene, showing good agreement between predictions and measurements. It is demonstrated that entrapped air significantly affects impregnation, and the model provides insights for future process optimization.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
E. Syerko, T. Schmidt, D. May, C. Binetruy, S. G. Advani, S. Lomov, L. Silva, S. Abaimov, N. Aissa, I. Akhatov, M. Ali, N. Asiaban, G. Broggi, J. Bruchon, B. Caglar, H. Digonnet, J. Dittmann, S. Drapier, A. Endruweit, A. Guilloux, R. Kandinskii, A. Leygue, B. Mahato, P. Martinez-Lera, M. Matveev, V. Michaud, P. Middendorf, N. Moulin, L. Orgeas, C. H. Park, S. Rief, M. Rouhi, I. Sergeichev, M. Shakoor, O. Shishkina, Y. Swolfs, M. Tahani, R. Umer, K. Vanclooster, R. Vorobyev
Summary: This paper presents the results of an international virtual permeability benchmark, which is a first contribution to permeability predictions for fibrous reinforcements based on real images. In this first stage, the focus was on the microscale computation of fiber bundle permeability. The scatter of the predicted axial permeability after the elimination of inconsistent results was found to be smaller (14%) than that of the transverse permeability (similar to 24%).
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Helena Teixido, Guillaume Broggi, Baris Caglar, Veronique Michaud
Summary: We propose a methodology to monitor the saturation of a non-translucent unidirectional carbon fabric stack and extract the dynamic saturation curves using X-ray radiography and image analysis. Constant flow rate injections were performed at increasing flow speeds and simulated using a numerical two-phase flow model. The hydraulic functions describing pressure and relative permeability versus saturation were determined by fitting the saturation curves using an optimization routine. The resulting capillary pressure curves and the calculated capillary pressure correlate well with the change in the averaged dynamic contact angle.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Jeroen Staal, Edgar Smit, Baris Caglar, Veronique Michaud
Summary: This study investigates methods to control the heat balance in radical induced cationic frontal polymerisation (RICFP) processing of fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs). The heat generation was controlled by adjusting the initiator concentration, and using highly insulating moulds to limit heat losses improved the front characteristics and curing degrees. An optimised mould configuration allowed for self-sustaining RICFP in FRPs with fibre volume fractions (Vfs) up to 45.8%, surpassing previously reported maxima.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Guillaume Broggi, Joel Cugnoni, Veronique Michaud
Summary: Three different J-integral formulations, which improve the existing approaches by using stereo-digital image correlation, are implemented and discussed to derive the experimental translaminar toughness of composites. A field fitting procedure and a crack tip extraction procedure are proposed to address noise-related issues and report the energy release rate as a function of the crack increment. A parametric study conducted on synthetic and experimental data reveals the suitability of the proposed J-integral methods for translaminar toughness evaluation.
ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Jialiang Fan, Anastasios P. Vassilopoulos, Veronique Michaud
Summary: This article investigates the effects of voids, joint geometry, and test conditions on the fracture performance of thick adhesive Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) joints. It concludes that grooved DCB joints with low void content tested at low displacement rates showed stable crack propagation without significant crack path deviation.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Helena Teixido, Baris Caglar, Veronique Michaud
Summary: This study investigates the influence of wetting characteristics and pore network of reinforcement materials on air entrapment mechanisms during infiltration. X-ray radiography and CT scans were used to evaluate the behavior of different model fluids infiltrating carbon fiber reinforcements. The results show that fluid characteristics strongly affect flow front patterns and pore filling events in different fabric architectures. Wetting system and fabric bundle arrangement perpendicular to the flow were found to be the main factors promoting snap-off events in capillary dominated flows. The applicability of a pore network model in linking preform architecture and void formation was also evaluated.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mariella Vieli, Maxime A. Hedou, Philip B. V. Scholten, Adrien Demongeot, Lorenz P. Manker, Raymond Buser, Jeremy S. Luterbacher, Veronique Michaud, Florent Heroguel
Summary: Producing high-performance materials from renewable carbon at high efficiency and ensuring a sustainable end-of-life scenario can reduce the CO2 footprint of the plastics industry. Poly(butylene xylosediglyoxylate) (PBX), a xylose-based polyester made from biomass, demonstrates well-rounded performance and is suitable for various applications. However, PBX tends to be brittle, and this study investigated methods to improve its flexibility using additives and blending with poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly[(butylene adipate)-co-(butylene terephthalate)] (PBAT). While additives were unsuccessful, blending with PBAT improved flexibility while maintaining thermomechanical and barrier properties.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
