Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lavanya B. Achanta, Donald S. Thomas, Gary D. Housley, Caroline D. Rae
Summary: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an important role in balancing anabolic and catabolic activities, and may have significant impacts on brain metabolism due to its high energy demands. Through NMR spectroscopy, we activated AMPK in guinea pig cortical tissue slices using direct and indirect activators, and found that different activator concentrations had distinct effects on metabolism. Direct activation with PF 06409577 increased Krebs cycle activity and restored pyruvate metabolism, while A769662 increased lactate and alanine production, as well as labeling of citrate and glutamine. These findings highlight the complex metabolic response to AMPK activators in the brain and emphasize the need for further research on their concentration- and mechanism-dependent impact.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Hui-Lan Tan, Xiao-Hui Guan, Min Hu, Jie Wu, Rong-Zhen Li, Ling-Fang Wang, Hou-Da Huang, Zhen-Ping Yu, Xiao-Yu Wang, Yun-Fei Xiao, Ke-Yu Deng, Hong-Bo Xin
Summary: The study demonstrated that hAMSCs-CM significantly attenuated HFD-induced obesity in mice by inhibiting adipogenesis and lipogenesis, promoting energy expenditure, and reducing inflammation, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for obesity and other metabolic disorders.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Gemma Salvado, Marta Mila-Aloma, Mahnaz Shekari, Nicholas J. Ashton, Gregory Operto, Carles Falcon, Raffaele Cacciaglia, Carolina Minguillon, Karine Fauria, Aida Ninerola-Baizan, Andres Perissinotti, Andrea L. Benedet, Gwendlyn Kollmorgen, Ivonne Suridjan, Norbert Wild, Jose Luis Molinuevo, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Marc Suarez-Calvet, Juan Domingo Gispert
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between GFAP and reactive astrogliosis with glucose consumption. The results showed that plasma GFAP was positively associated with glucose consumption in the whole brain, while CSF GFAP was only associated with glucose uptake in specific smaller areas. These associations persisted after accounting for Aβ pathology, but became negative in Aβ and tau-positive participants in similar areas of AD-related hypometabolism.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kanchan Bisht, Kenneth A. Okojie, Kaushik Sharma, Dennis H. Lentferink, Yu-Yo Sun, Hong-Ru Chen, Joseph O. Uweru, Saipranusha Amancherla, Zainab Calcuttawala, Antony Brayan Campos-Salazar, Bruce Corliss, Lara Jabbour, Jordan Benderoth, Bria Friestad, William A. Mills, Brant E. Isakson, Marie-Eve Tremblay, Chia-Yi Kuan, Ukpong B. Eyo
Summary: Microglia play a role in regulating vascular tone through PANX1-P2RY12 signaling, with interactions between microglia and brain capillaries crucial for neurovascular structure and function. The study highlights the importance of purines released through PANX1 channels in activating microglial P2RY12 receptors, leading to the regulation of vasodilation and blood flow in the brain.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Weiyong Shen, So-Ra Lee, Ashish Easow Mathai, Rui Zhang, Jianhai Du, Michelle X. Yam, Victoria Pye, Nigel L. Barnett, Cassie L. Rayner, Ling Zhu, James B. Hurley, Pankaj Seth, Yoshio Hirabayashi, Shigeki Furuya, Mark C. Gillies
Summary: The study showed that selectively knocking down key metabolic genes in Muller glia could lead to photoreceptor degeneration, but supplementation with exogenous L-serine could prevent this degeneration by regulating serine transport and maintaining retinal homeostasis.
Article
Cell Biology
Yan Wang, Sheng Zhang, Zhaohui Lan, Vui Doan, Bokyung Kim, Sihan Liu, Meina Zhu, Vanessa L. Hull, Sami Rihani, Chun-Li Zhang, John A. Gray, Fuzheng Guo
Summary: Children with SOX2 deficiency may develop ocular disorders and extra-ocular CNS anomalies. Within the central nervous system, SOX2 deficiency in astroglial cells can lead to abnormal brain development, resulting in hyperactivity in locomotion and increased neuronal excitability. This deficiency inhibits postnatal astrocyte maturation without affecting proliferation, affecting molecular, morphological, and electrophysiological aspects.
Article
Cell Biology
Louise K. Metcalfe, Peter R. Shepherd, Greg C. Smith, Nigel Turner
Summary: The Arg457Gln variant in the CREBRF gene is associated with excess body weight and paradoxical reduction in diabetes risk in Pacific/Oceanic populations. A mouse model with the Crebrf Arg458Gln variant showed limited phenotypic effects, suggesting a need to reconsider the mechanistic link between CREBRF function and obesity and diabetes risks in variant allele carriers.
Article
Anesthesiology
Qin-qin He, Man Yang, Jing Huang, Wei Wu, Kuo Tang, Yong Zhang, Jian Zhou, Wei Ou, Maodi Xie, Yu Liang, Peilin Lu, Yunxia Zuo, Hai Yu, Tao Li
Summary: Intermittent hypoxia exposure decreased mouse sensitivity to sevoflurane anesthesia through enhanced O-GlcNAc-dependent modulation of the glutamate-glutamine cycle in the brain, as shown by the experimental results.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jonathan D. Windster, Andrea Sacchetti, Gerben J. Schaaf, Eric M. J. Bindels, Robert M. W. Hofstra, Rene M. H. Wijnen, Cornelius E. J. Sloots, Maria M. Alves
Summary: A selective FACS protocol based on CD56/CD90/CD24 co-expression is developed to enrich and discriminate human ENS cells. Neuronal and glial selective markers are found to be co-expressed by all ENS cells, mainly driven by neuronal fragments. By applying this protocol to single-cell RNA sequencing, high-quality ENS cells are obtained for transcriptome analysis.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Mathew L. Rynes, Daniel A. Surinach, Samantha Linn, Michael Laroque, Vijay Rajendran, Judith Dominguez, Orestes Hadjistamoulou, Zahra S. Navabi, Leila Ghanbari, Gregory W. Johnson, Mojtaba Nazari, Majid H. Mohajerani, Suhasa B. Kodandaramaiah
Summary: The development of the "mini-mScope" fluorescence microscope allows for whole-cortex imaging in freely behaving mice, enabling the recording of mesoscale calcium activity in various contexts.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Minghao Yuan, Yangyang Wang, Shengyuan Wang, Zhenting Huang, Feng Jin, Qian Zou, Jing Li, Yinshuang Pu, Zhiyou Cai
Summary: The neuro-glia-vascular unit (NGVU) plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in relation to aging, offering new directions for future research.
Article
Reproductive Biology
Jose M. Ortiz-Rodriguez, Francisco E. Martin-Cano, Gemma L. Gaitskell-Phillips, Antonio Silva, Cristina Ortega-Ferrusola, Maria C. Gil, Fernando J. Pena
Summary: Energy metabolism in sperm involves complex processes such as ATP production in mitochondria and contribution of glycolytic enzymes in flagella. Low glucose concentrations may support better sperm motility and velocity by providing efficient substrates for tricarboxylic acid cycle, leading to reduced levels of damaging compounds like 2-oxoaldehydes in high glucose extenders.
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anant Bahadur Patel, Pandichelvam Veeraiah, Mohammad Shameem, Jerald Mahesh Kumar, Kamal Saba
Summary: This study investigated mitochondrial metabolism in the brains of young and aged mice, finding changes in neurotransmitter activity and metabolic fluxes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The results showed reduced neurotransmitter flux and altered metabolism associated with aging, correlating with declined cognitive function in aged mice.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anton N. Shuvaev, Olga S. Belozor, Oleg Mozhei, Elena D. Khilazheva, Andrey N. Shuvaev, Yana Fritsler, S. Kasparov
Summary: Spinocerebellar ataxias are fatal inherited diseases affecting the brain, with potential treatment using memantine. Research showed memantine can prevent cerebellar glial cell pathology and protect neurons.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Chao Tang, Hongyuan Zhao, Liangyu Kong, Fanqiang Meng, Libang Zhou, Zhaoxin Lu, Yingjian Lu
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus NX2-6-fermented yogurt (LA-Y) on lipid and glucose levels in high-fat diet-fed mice. The results showed that LA-Y improved lipid profile, reduced fasting blood glucose levels, and enhanced insulin sensitivity. LA-Y also alleviated glucose metabolism disorders by activating the insulin signaling pathway, reducing inflammation, and promoting glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in the small intestine. Additionally, LA-Y promoted fat browning and increased energy expenditure through adiponectin/AMPK alpha/PGC-1 alpha/UCP1 pathway and mitochondrial biogenesis via adiponectin/AdipoR1/APPL1/AMPK alpha/PGC-1 alpha pathway.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Jay S. Coggan, Daniel Keller, Henry Markram, Felix Schurmann, Pierre J. Magistretti
Summary: We explored a computational model of astrocytic energy metabolism and demonstrated the theoretical plausibility that this type of pathway might be capable of coding information about stimuli in addition to its known functions in cellular energy and carbon budgets. The simulation results showed that glycogenolytic glycolysis triggered by activation of adrenergic receptors can capture the characteristics of a neuromodulator waveform and respond in a dose-dependent manner. This metabolic pathway has the potential to translate information about external stimuli to production profiles of energy-carrying molecules, impacting the function of the cells.
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Emmanuel Cruz, Benjamin Bessieres, Pierre Magistretti, Cristina M. Alberini
Summary: The metabolism of glucose in the brain is differentially regulated between childhood and adulthood, with the juvenile brain showing higher levels of glucose metabolism enzymes and transporters. Long-term memory formation in juvenile animals requires higher rates of aerobic glycolysis and lactate coupling, engaging glucose more efficiently in the hippocampus.
Review
Neurosciences
Cecile Moro, Audrey Valverde, Marjorie Dole, Jaimie Hoh Kam, Catherine Hamilton, Ann Liebert, Brian Bicknell, Alim-Louis Benabid, Pierre Magistretti, John Mitrofanis
Summary: Photobiomodulation has been shown to improve neuronal function and survival through its impact on mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial mechanisms. Recent studies indicate that the effects of photobiomodulation differ based on whether it is applied during wakefulness or sleep, potentially affecting cerebrospinal fluid flow and waste clearance. It is speculated that these arousal-dependent effects are mediated by a biophoton communication and repair network in the brain.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Salvatore Chirumbolo, Dario Bertossi, Pierre Magistretti
Summary: l-lactate is a crucial signaling molecule involved in cell survival and plays a potential role in regulating the aging process, particularly in the skin. It is suggested that l-lactate may act as a fine regulator between mitochondria and cell survival, possibly through mito-hormesis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) also play a critical role in skin health, wound repair, and aging, with physiological levels being essential for cutaneous health, while aberrant redox signaling activity can lead to chronic skin diseases in the elderly. Impaired redox modulation, characterized by increased ROS generation and reduced antioxidant defense, hampers wound healing by promoting cell apoptosis and death. This review aims to explore these mechanisms in more detail.
Article
Psychiatry
Jean-Marie Petit, Marie-Pierre F. Strippoli, Aurelie Stephan, Serateh Ranjbar, Jose Haba-Rubio, Geoffroy Solelhac, Raphael Heinzer, Martin Preisig, Francesca Siclari, Kim Q. Q. Do
Summary: This study investigated sleep spindle parameters in patients with schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. The results showed that individuals with schizophrenia exhibited deficits in sleep spindle density and duration, while patients with schizoaffective depressive, schizoaffective manic, bipolar disorder type I, and bipolar disorder type II showed different sleep spindle phenotypes. These findings suggest that sleep spindle abnormalities may be a common feature in certain psychotic disorders, with different patterns observed in different disorders. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to confirm these effects.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Marwan Abdellah, Juan Jose Garcia Cantero, Nadir Roman Guerrero, Alessandro Foni, Jay S. Coggan, Corrado Cali, Marco Agus, Eleftherios Zisis, Daniel Keller, Markus Hadwiger, Pierre J. Magistretti, Henry Markram, Felix Schurmann
Summary: Ultraliser is a specialized software framework for neuroscience that can create accurate and biologically realistic 3D models, allowing scalable supercomputer simulations of complex neuroscientific structures. It employs a high-performance voxelization engine to generate optimized surface meshes and annotated voxel grids from various input sources. This framework represents a major advancement in simulation-based neuroscience, enabling high-resolution 3D structural models for quantification and understanding of cell function.
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Jessica Tran The, Jean-Philippe Ansermet, Pierre J. J. Magistretti, Francois Ansermet
Summary: The economic conceptualization of Freudian metapsychology shares commonalities with recent discoveries in neuroscience, particularly neuroenergetics. This article focuses on the role of the default mode network (DMN) in the psychopathology of schizophrenia, which has been found to exhibit anomalies in this network. By combining neuroimaging research with Freudian hypotheses, the hyperactivity of the DMN in schizophrenia patients is proposed to be a consequence of massive reassociation of traces occurring in the disorder.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Audrey Valverde, Catherine Hamilton, Cecile Moro, Malvina Billeres, Pierre Magistretti, John Mitrofanis
Summary: Sleep is crucial for our overall health, affecting every aspect of our body and mind. Poor quality sleep can negatively impact cognitive abilities and increase the risk of developing serious medical conditions. This article focuses on a potential non-pharmacological treatment, photobiomodulation, which has shown promising results in improving sleep quality by enhancing brain function at night.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yulia Dembitskaya, Charlotte Piette, Sylvie Perez, Hugues Berry, Pierre J. Magistretti, Laurent Venance
Summary: The study shows that glucose and lactate play different roles in memory engram and neural computation. Lactate is important for high-stimulation load activity patterns and high attentional load in cognitive tasks, while glucose is sufficient for less demanding neural computation and learning tasks.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amal Bajaffer, Katsuhiko Mineta, Pierre Magistretti, Takashi Gojobori
Summary: Lactate has been discovered as a signaling molecule linked to long-term memory. Memory and LMNP genes have different origins and may have established gradually in evolutionarily and functional terms.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jessica Tran The, Pierre J. Magistretti, Francois Ansermet
Summary: Research into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of critical periods has revealed the significance of early childhood in subjective construction and brain development. This interdisciplinary dialogue between psychoanalysis and neurosciences highlights the role of early experiences in psychopathological conditions.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Geoffroy Solelhac, Mathieu Berger, Marie-Pierre F. Strippoli, Nicola Andrea Marchi, Aurelie Stephan, Jean-Marie Petit, Virginie Bayon, Theo Imler, Jose Haba-Rubio, Tifenn Raffray, Peter Vollenweider, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Gerard Waeber, Damien Legar, Francesca Siclari, Pierre A. Geoffroy, Martin Preisig, Raphael Heinzer
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the sleep differences between different subtypes of major depressive disorder (MDD). The study found that current melancholic MDD was associated with decreased sleep quality and increased wake after sleep onset, while remitted unspecified MDD was associated with increased rapid eye movements density.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
David M. Raizen, Janet Mullington, Christelle Anaclet, Gerard Clarke, Hugo Critchley, Robert Dantzer, Ronald Davis, Kelly L. Drew, Josh Fessel, Patrick M. Fuller, Erin M. Gibson, Mary Harrington, W. Ian Lipkin, Elizabeth B. Klerman, Nancy Klimas, Anthony L. Komaroff, Walter Koroshetz, Lauren Krupp, Anna Kuppuswamy, Julie Lasselin, Laura D. Lewis, Pierre J. Magistretti, Heidi Y. Matos, Christine Miaskowski, Andrew H. Miller, Avindra Nath, Maiken Nedergaard, Mark R. Opp, Marylyn D. Ritchie, Dragana Rogulja, Asya Rolls, John D. Salamone, Clifford Saper, Vicky Whittemore, Glenn Wylie, Jarred Younger, Phyllis C. Zee, H. Craig Heller
Summary: The workshop "Beyond the Symptom: The Biology of Fatigue" was a virtual event held on September 27-28, 2021. It aimed to bring together clinicians and scientists using different research approaches to understand fatigue in various conditions and identify gaps in our understanding of its biology. This workshop summary highlights key issues discussed and provides a list of promising future research directions, without aiming to comprehensively review the state of understanding or reprise all the presentations.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Catherine Hamilton, Ann Liebert, Vincent Pang, Pierre Magistretti, John Mitrofanis
Summary: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that starts in childhood and is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. It has been associated with abnormalities in brain structure and function, as well as alterations in the gut microbiome. Unfortunately, there are limited treatment options available for autism. Photobiomodulation, the therapeutic use of red to near infrared light on body tissues, has shown potential in improving the key changes observed in autism, including functional connectivity, neuronal survival, gliosis and inflammation, and gut microbiome composition. Further investigation is warranted to explore the effectiveness of this treatment.
NEUROLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Review
Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
Daniel Smith, Shivasubramanian Gopinath, Francis Gracy Arockiaraj, Andra Naresh Kumar Reddy, Vinoth Balasubramani, Ravi Kumar, Nitin Dubey, Soon Hock Ng, Tomas Katkus, Shakina Jothi Selva, Dhanalakshmi Renganathan, Manueldoss Beaula Ruby Kamalam, Aravind Simon John Francis Rajeswary, Srinivasan Navaneethakrishnan, Stephen Rajkumar Inbanathan, Sandhra-Mirella Valdma, Periyasamy Angamuthu Praveen, Jayavel Amudhavel, Manoj Kumar, Rashid A. Ganeev, Pierre J. Magistretti, Christian Depeursinge, Saulius Juodkazis, Joseph Rosen, Vijayakumar Anand
Summary: Indirect-imaging methods involve optical recording and computational reconstruction, using optical modulators to convert light from the object into intensity distributions that are then numerically processed to reconstruct the object's image. The nonlinear reconstruction (NLR) method, developed in 2017, shows promising results for reconstructing object images modulated by various optical elements. This review investigates the performance of NLR for deterministic and stochastic optical fields, presenting both simulation and experimental results.
JOURNAL OF IMAGING
(2022)