Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pamela R. Westmark, Aaron K. Gholston, Timothy J. Swietlik, Rama K. Maganti, Cara J. Westmark
Summary: This study assessed sleep-wake cycles in mice with different genotypes and dietary interventions. The results showed that a high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and decreased activity levels in both wild type and Fmr1(KO) mice.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Aadil Yousuf, Nadeem Ahmed, Abrar Qurashi
Summary: Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and fragile X syndrome (FXS) are distinct disorders caused by abnormal expansion of CGG repeats. FXTAS is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gene hyperexpression, while FXS is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by gene silencing. Non-canonical DNA and RNA structures formed from CGG repeat expansions can disrupt cellular processes and have different effects in these two disorders.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Kaleb Dee Miles, Caleb Andrew Doll
Summary: Developmental changes in ionic balance play a crucial role in neural circuit formation. The shift of GABAergic neurotransmission from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing output is induced by changes in Cl- gradients and is delayed in Fragile X syndrome (FXS) models. The absence of FMRP protein, which regulates chloride transporter expression, can significantly impact FXS phenotypes. This perspective summarizes the expression of Cl- transporters and discusses the imbalances in inhibitory neurotransmission in FXS, highlighting potential therapeutic strategies.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Rob Willemsen, R. Frank Kooy
Summary: Fragile X-related disorders are caused by expanded CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene and can manifest as either neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental disorders. Mouse models have provided valuable insights into these disorders and their translational value for developing targeted therapies for intellectual disability and autism disorders.
DISEASE MODELS & MECHANISMS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ha Eun Kong, Junghwa Lim, Alexander Linsalata, Yunhee Kang, Indranil Malik, Emily G. Allen, Yiqu Cao, Lisa Shubeck, Rich Johnston, Yanting Huang, Yanghong Gu, Xiangxue Guo, Michael E. Zwick, Zhaohui Qin, Thomas S. Wingo, Jorge Juncos, David L. Nelson, Michael P. Epstein, David J. Cutler, Peter K. Todd, Stephanie L. Sherman, Stephen T. Warren, Peng Jin
Summary: This study identified Prosbeta5 (PSMB5) as a candidate genetic modifier for FXTAS using a Drosophila model. Knockdown of PSMB5 suppressed CGG-associated neurodegeneration in flies and cells. Additionally, an expression quantitative trait locus variant in PSMB5 was associated with delayed onset of FXTAS in human carriers. These findings suggest a therapeutic strategy for FXTAS by targeting PSMB5.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Nicole K. Morrill, Aurelie Joly-Amado, Qingyou Li, Sahana Prabhudeva, Edwin J. Weeber, Kevin R. Nash
Summary: This study found that the reduction in Reelin may be related to FXS, and enhancing the Reelin signaling successfully rescued cognitive deficits in FXS mice, providing a feasible therapeutic approach.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Se Jin Jeon, Huiyoung Kwon, Ho Jung Bae, Edson Luck Gonzales, Junhyeong Kim, Hye Jin Chung, Dong Hyun Kim, Jong Hoon Ryu, Chan Young Shin
Summary: This study found that agmatine can reverse FXS symptoms in Fmr1 KO mouse model, including compulsions, learning and memory deficits, hyperactivity, aberrant social interaction, and communication deficit, while normalizing abnormal long-term potentiation and depression in the hippocampus.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Ramkumar Aishworiya, Dragana Protic, Randi Hagerman
Summary: There is increasing recognition of the heterogeneity of origin of cases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with genetic etiology identified in 20-40% of cases. The Fragile X premutation state is a newly discovered disease state associated with various disorders, including ASD, and understanding molecular mechanisms may facilitate targeted treatments in the future.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Snow Bach, Stephen Shovlin, Michael Moriarty, Barbara Bardoni, Daniela Tropea
Summary: RTT and FXS are two monogenetic neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping features possibly due to interactions between MeCP2 and FMRP. Both syndromes affect brain development and result in dysregulation of common molecular signaling pathways.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lital Gildin, Rossana Rauti, Ofir Vardi, Liron Kuznitsov-Yanovsky, Ben M. Maoz, Menahem Segal, Dalit Ben-Yosef
Summary: Fragile X syndrome affects the development and function of human neuronal networks, with smaller cell bodies and reduced connections observed in FX-iNs compared to control iNs. FX networks also exhibit higher spontaneous burst-firing activity and lower network synchrony, providing insight into the intellectual dysfunction associated with FXS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Azalea Lee, Jie Xu, Zhexing Wen, Peng Jin
Summary: Fragile X syndrome is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Human induced pluripotent stem cells provide a unique means of studying FXS pathophysiology specific to humans.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dragana D. Protic, Ramkumar Aishworiya, Maria Jimena Salcedo-Arellano, Si Jie Tang, Jelena Milisavljevic, Filip Mitrovic, Randi J. Hagerman, Dejan B. Budimirovic
Summary: FXS is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can be improved through early diagnosis and interventions targeting behavior symptoms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pernille Bulow, Menahem Segal, Gary J. Bassell
Summary: This article discusses the emergence of hyperexcitability in neurodevelopmental disorders and explores recent advances in understanding novel mechanisms in Fragile X syndrome (FXS), providing new therapeutic strategies for FXS and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Anne Hoffmann
Summary: Fragile X syndrome is a common cause of inherited intellectual disability and is often associated with a high rate of autism. Language delays are observed in various areas, including overall communication, receptive and expressive language, pragmatic language, speech sounds, and literacy. Individuals diagnosed with both fragile X syndrome and autism tend to have more significant intellectual disability and language disorder. This study explores the language phenotype of fragile X syndrome and highlights the roles of cognition, autistic symptomatology, and gender. Implications for assessment and intervention approaches based on the strengths and weaknesses of the fragile X syndrome language phenotype are discussed.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristian-Gabriel Ciobanu, Irina Nuca, Roxana Popescu, Lucian-Mihai Antoci, Lavinia Caba, Anca Viorica Ivanov, Karina-Alexandra Cojocaru, Cristina Rusu, Cosmin-Teodor Mihai, Monica-Cristina Panzaru
Summary: The diagnosis and management of fragile X syndrome (FXS) have significantly improved in the last three decades, although the current diagnostic techniques have limitations in accurately identifying various molecular characteristics. New technologies, such as optical genome mapping and long-range sequencing, have the potential to replace the current diagnostic methods and offer a comprehensive molecular profiling in a single test. However, these technologies are still far from being routinely used in clinical practice.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Sara M. Andrews, Katherine Ackerman Porter, Donald B. Bailey, Holly L. Peay
Summary: This study aims to assess and address the challenges facing the newborn screening (NBS) system in the United States and propose modernization solutions. The results from surveys and panel discussions highlight important challenges such as missing data for decision-making, burden on state laboratories, and the time needed for screening new conditions. The discussions emphasize the importance of infant well-being, the impact of transformative therapies on screening capacity, and the need for collaboration in modernization.
Article
Pediatrics
Oksana Kutsa, Angela Gwaltney, Alissa Creamer, Melissa Raspa
Summary: This study investigated the knowledge and needs of 277 US healthcare providers regarding severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). The results showed that healthcare providers who have not encountered SCID patients had lower knowledge of SCID and higher informational needs.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Donald B. Bailey
Summary: Molecular diagnostics and therapies are important in precision medicine, and universal newborn screening (NBS) is crucial for early intervention. However, the current NBS model needs substantial changes to adapt to molecular testing and therapies. Building systems for data integration, establishing research centers and regional laboratories, and implementing policy changes are crucial for modernizing NBS.
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS & THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Holly L. Peay, Angela You Gwaltney, Rebecca Moultrie, Heidi Cope, Beth Lincoln-Boyea, Katherine Ackerman Porter, Martin Duparc, Amir A. Alexander, Barbara B. Biesecker, Aminah Isiaq, Jennifer Check, Lisa Gehtland, Donald B. Bailey Jr, Nancy M. P. King
Summary: A challenge in implementing population-based DNA screening is providing sufficient information and support for informed decision making. In a newborn screening study, electronic education and consent were developed to address the objectives of feasibility, acceptability, trustworthiness, and informed decisions. The study showed high acceptability, trustworthiness, and knowledge recall among participants, emphasizing the importance of early knowledge and intervention.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
David Hessl, Hilary Rosselot, Robert Miller, Glenda Espinal, Jessica Famula, Stephanie L. Sherman, Peter K. Todd, Ana Maria Cabal Herrera, Karen Lipworth, Jonathan Cohen, Deborah A. Hall, Maureen Leehey, Jim Grigsby, Jayne Dixon Weber, Sundus Alusi, Anne Wheeler, Melissa Raspa, Tamaro Hudson, Sonya K. Sobrian
Summary: FMR1 premutation is associated with various health conditions, and the International Fragile X Premutation Registry aims to facilitate research and collaboration worldwide.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Melissa Raspa, Anne Wheeler, Katherine C. Okoniewski, Anne Edwards, Samantha Scott
Summary: The phenotypic impact of fragile X syndrome (FXS) has been well-documented since the discovery of the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 gene 30 years ago. However, gaps remain in clinical and public health research. The purpose of this literature review was to determine the extent to which these gaps have been addressed and identify targeted areas of future research.
JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Review
Health Policy & Services
Rebecca Kronk, Inah Kim, David Nolfi
Summary: This integrative review aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on sleep issues in children and youth with neurodevelopmental disorders. The majority of the included studies reported worsened sleep disturbances during COVID-19 restrictions, and only two studies explored treatment options, which showed improvement in sleep issues. Future research should focus on developing remote interventions and empowering families with preparedness tools in times of crisis.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEALTH CARE
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Oksana Kutsa, Sara M. Andrews, Erin Mallonee, Angela Gwaltney, Alissa Creamer, Paul K. J. Han, Melissa Raspa, Barbara B. Biesecker
Summary: Parents of children with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) use a variety of coping strategies, including behavioral, cognitive, and affective approaches, to deal with uncertainties related to their child's diagnosis and treatment. Some parents actively participate in their child's treatment, while others rely on family support and positive thinking to adapt to the uncertainties. The findings can serve as a guide for parents of newly diagnosed children with SCID and healthcare providers.
ORPHANET JOURNAL OF RARE DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Walter E. Kaufmann, Melissa Raspa, Carla M. Bann, Julia M. Gable, Holly K. Harris, Dejan B. Budimirovic, Reymundo Lozano
Summary: This study investigates behavioral subtypes of Fragile X syndrome using a pediatric cross-sectional sample. Through latent class analysis, five distinct subtypes were identified, each with unique behavioral profiles. These findings are crucial for improving clinical management and therapeutic development.
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Melissa Raspa, Oksana Kutsa, Sara M. Andrews, Angela Y. Gwaltney, Erin Mallonee, Alissa Creamer, Paul K. J. Han, Barbara B. Biesecker
Summary: Individuals with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), if not diagnosed and treated early, are at risk of life-threatening illnesses. This study examined the uncertainties experienced by parents of children with SCID who were diagnosed through newborn screening. Semi-structured interviews with 26 parents were conducted to identify the types of uncertainty, including scientific, practical, personal, and existential. The study found that uncertainties in the SCID journey were chronic and multifaceted, and parents expressed a range of negative emotional reactions. The results highlight the need for healthcare providers to support and prepare parents in managing the uncertainties associated with SCID.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Elizabeth Reynolds, Sheresa Blanchard, Elizabeth Jalazo, Pranesh Chakraborty, Donald B. B. Bailey
Summary: This study aims to investigate the eligibility criteria for early intervention (EI) in newborns with screening (NBS) conditions across different states and determine which disorders should automatically qualify for EI due to a high risk of developmental delay. The researchers examined each state's EI eligibility policy and reviewed relevant literature on developmental outcomes. Using a novel matrix, they assessed the risk factors and revised it iteratively until reaching a consensus. Results indicated that 29 conditions were likely to meet the criteria for EI eligibility.
JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Donald B. Bailey
Review
Cell Biology
Flora Tassone, Dragana Protic, Emily Graves Allen, Alison D. Archibald, Anna Baud, Ted W. Brown, Dejan B. Budimirovic, Jonathan Cohen, Brett Dufour, Rachel Eiges, Nicola Elvassore, Lidia V. Gabis, Samantha J. Grudzien, Deborah A. Hall, David Hessl, Abigail Hogan, Jessica Ezzell Hunter, Peng Jin, Poonnada Jiraanont, Jessica Klusek, R. Frank Kooy, Claudine M. Kraan, Cecilia Laterza, Andrea Lee, Karen Lipworth, Molly Losh, Danuta Loesch, Reymundo Lozano, Marsha R. Mailick, Apostolos Manolopoulos, Veronica Martinez-Cerdeno, Yingratana Mclennan, Robert M. Miller, Federica Alice Maria Montanaro, Matthew W. Mosconi, Sarah Nelson Potter, Melissa Raspa, Susan M. Rivera, Katharine Shelly, Peter K. Todd, Katarzyna Tutak, Jun Yi Wang, Anne Wheeler, Tri Indah Winarni, Marwa Zafarullah, Randi J. Hagerman, Alexander E. Kalyuzhny
Summary: The paper summarizes the molecular and clinical aspects of the premutation of the FMR1 gene, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis, genetic counseling, and appropriate management for affected individuals and families.
Article
Education, Special
Elizabeth Reynolds, Sara M. Andrews, Sheresa Blanchard, Samantha Scott, Aminah Isiaq, Donald B. Bailey Jr
Summary: This study explores the coordination between Early Intervention (EI) and Newborn Screening (NBS) programs, particularly in identifying, referring, and qualifying children for EI services after an NBS diagnosis. A survey of program leaders shows variability in familiarity and collaboration, but most coordinators are willing to pursue future collaboration.
JOURNAL OF EARLY INTERVENTION
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Lisa M. Gehtland, Ryan S. Paquin, Sara M. Andrews, Adam M. Lee, Angela Gwaltney, Martin Duparc, Emily R. Pfaff, Donald B. Bailey
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between receiving a patient portal research recruitment invitation and enrollment in a research study, as well as the differences in invitation opening and enrollment by race and ethnicity, age, and rural/urban home address. The results showed that patient portals were effective in recruiting research participants, but there were significant racial and ethnic disparities and disparities in urban/rural status in the use of patient portals, invitation opening, and study enrollment.
JMIR PEDIATRICS AND PARENTING
(2022)