Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Robert S. Dembo, Jennifer LaFleur, Ilhom Akobirshoev, Daniel P. Dooley, Neelesh Batra, Monika Mitra
Summary: This study reveals that disparities in health and healthcare access among CSHCN are influenced by factors such as household income, family structure, neighborhood support, and adverse childhood experiences. White CSHCN have better health outcomes compared to Black and Latino CSHCN, with income, adverse childhood experiences, and household language being significant determinants of disparities between Latino and white CSHCN. These findings suggest potential targets for public health and policy interventions to address racial/ethnic health disparities in this population.
DISABILITY AND HEALTH JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Robert S. Dembo, Jennifer LaFleur, Ilhom Akobirshoev, Daniel P. Dooley, Neelesh Batra, Monika Mitra
Summary: This study aims to quantify the racial/ethnic disparities in health and healthcare among children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) in Boston and identify contributing factors. The results suggest that the disparities are primarily explained by a few determinants, including household income, family structure, neighborhood support, and adverse childhood experiences. These findings provide targets for public health and policy interventions.
DISABILITY AND HEALTH JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Enrico G. Castillo, Christina Harris
Summary: Despite advancements in medical research, inequalities persist, requiring reforms to promote health equity. Current scientific and ethical review processes may not effectively evaluate a study's impact on inequities and local communities, necessitating practical tools for research stakeholders. A health equity research impact assessment is proposed to address this issue and elevate health equity in medical science.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kosuke Imai, Santiago Olivella, Evan T. R. Rosenman
Summary: Prediction of individuals' race and ethnicity is crucial in studying racial disparity. Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) is a leading methodology for this task, but it faces data problems. We introduce a fully Bayesian BISG (fBISG) method that addresses census measurement error and utilizes additional name data to improve race imputation accuracy.
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Scarlett L. Gomez, Ekaterina Chirikova, Valerie McGuire, Lindsay J. Collin, Lauren Dempsey, Pushkar P. Inamdar, Katherine Lawson-Michod, Edward S. Peters, Lawrence H. Kushi, Juraj Kavecansky, Salma Shariff-Marco, Lauren C. Peres, Paul Terry, Elisa Bandera, Joellen M. Schildkraut, Jennifer A. Doherty, Andrew Lawson
Summary: Ovarian cancer survival disparities exist across race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, with neighborhood context playing a crucial role. Understanding these factors can help clinicians identify high-risk patients and implement measures to ameliorate disparities.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sabrina A. Assoumou, Alicia Peterson, Ellen Ginman, Thea James, Cassandra M. Pierre, Sebastian Hamilton, Sheila Chapman, John Goldie, Robert Koenig, Elena Mendez-Escobar, Hannah Leaver, Robert Graham, Renee Crichlow, Tarsha Weaver, Sandra Cotterell, Guale Valdez, Denise De Las Nueces, Nancy A. Scott, Benjamin P. Linas, Petrina Martin Cherry
Summary: Academic medical centers are crucial in increasing access to and uptake of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The Boston Medical Center implemented a vaccination program that focused on community-based sites, mobile vaccination events, and strong partnerships to ensure equitable distribution. Challenges included the need for a robust operational infrastructure and addressing community mistrust.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Evan T. R. Rosenman, Santiago Olivella, Kosuke Imai
Summary: This research provides the largest compiled dictionaries of names, covering first, middle, and surnames, which are used for imputing race and ethnicity using Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG). The data, based on voter files of six U.S. Southern States, contains a larger set of names than any comparable dataset, including 136 thousand first names, 125 thousand middle names, and 338 thousand surnames. Each name is categorized into five mutually exclusive racial and ethnic groups, and conditional probabilities are provided for imputation purposes.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Connor Sheehan, Patricia Louie, Longfeng Li, Stephen S. Kulis
Summary: This study uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health and finds that exposure to neighborhood poverty during adolescence and early adulthood does not have a differential influence on sleep duration among NH Black and Hispanic respondents, but it does have a negative impact on sleep duration among NH White respondents.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Baylee F. Bakkila, Daniel Kerekes, Marcella Nunez-Smith, Kevin G. Billingsley, Nita Ahuja, Karen Wang, Carol Oladele, Caroline H. Johnson, Sajid A. Khan
Summary: This study found significant racial disparities in the surgical care of gastrointestinal tract cancers, with black patients being less likely than white patients to receive standard care in terms of negative surgical margins, adequate lymphadenectomies, and use of adjuvant therapies.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Derek M. Griffith, Amytis Towfighi, Spero M. Manson, Erica L. Littlejohn, Lesli E. Skolarus
Summary: This article introduces a framework for neurological research that aims to address inequities in neurological diseases. The framework highlights the importance of social determinants and structural factors and emphasizes the ability to improve research, programs, and policies to reduce and eliminate inequities in neurological diseases.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Derek M. Griffith, Amytis Towfighi, Spero M. Manson, Erica L. Littlejohn, Lesli E. Skolarus
Summary: This framework by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke working group aims to guide and inspire neurologic research that promotes health equity, population health, and social justice. It emphasizes the impact of social determinants on neurologic health and highlights the need to address inequities through research, programs, and policies.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jin Ge, Elaine Ku, Garrett R. Roll, Jennifer C. Lai
Summary: Racial/ethnic minorities experience higher rates of wait-list mortality and longer waiting times on the liver transplant wait list. Hispanics and multiracial/other ethnicity patients are more likely to decline organ offers due to logistical reasons, with logistical patients having higher allocation scores and longer waiting times.
HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Elizabeth Pan, Justin Shaya, Lisa Madlensky, J. Michael Randall, Frederick E. Millard, Brent Rose, J. Kellogg Parsons, Sarah M. Nielsen, Kathryn E. Hatchell, Edward D. Esplin, Robert L. Nussbaum, Nicole Weise, James Murphy, Maria Elena Martinez, Rana R. Mckay
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the rate of pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline alterations in Hispanic men with prostate cancer. The results showed that the rate of pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline alterations was similar between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white men, while the rate of variants of uncertain significance was significantly higher in Hispanic men.
PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Rohit Mital, Joseph Bayne, Fatima Rodriguez, Bruce Ovbiagele, Deepak L. Bhatt, Michelle A. Albert
Summary: Despite significant advances in the fields of coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke, there are notable racial and ethnic disparities. In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, disparities in care provision, social determinants of health, and racial discrimination within and outside of the health care system also contribute to these differences. Improved culturally congruent communication about risk factors and symptoms is needed to achieve better and more equitable outcomes in CAD and stroke.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Daniel L. Carlson, Paul E. Bellair, Thomas L. McNulty
Summary: The study found that multiracial, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic youth exhibit significantly higher sexual risk and duration-weighted exposure to neighborhood disadvantage than non-Hispanic white adolescents. Duration-weighted exposure is a better predictor of sexual initiation and number of partners by age 15 than a point-in-time proximal measure of neighborhood disadvantage, and accounts for a substantial portion of the race-ethnic differences in sexual risk.
JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Vahe Nafilyan, Piotr Pawelek, Daniel Ayoubkhani, Sarah Rhodes, Lucy Pembrey, Melissa Matz, Michel Coleman, Claudia Allemani, Ben Windsor-Shellard, Martie van Tongeren, Neil Pearce
Summary: Occupational differences in COVID-19 mortality were observed in a cohort study of 14 million people in England, with higher mortality rates found in occupations involving contact with patients or the public. Adjusting for confounding factors reduced the elevated risk for many occupations, and further adjustment for living conditions eliminated excess risk for many occupations, suggesting both workplace and non-workplace factors contribute to COVID-19 mortality.
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
David Fishwick, Anne-Helen Harding, Y. Chen, Neil Pearce, Gillian Frost
Summary: This large study of pesticide workers provides insights into the prevalence and incidence of asthma in this population. The findings suggest that pesticide exposure is associated with an increased risk of work-related wheeze, but not with asthma or wheeze in general. Further research is needed to identify the specific exposures that are causative in order to develop interventions to reduce work-related asthma.
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Hajar Ali, Collin Brooks, Yu-Chieh Tzeng, Julian Crane, Richard Beasley, Peter Gibson, Philip Pattemore, Thorsten Stanley, Neil Pearce, Jeroen Douwes
Summary: This study found that autonomic nervous system activity is not associated with pathophysiology or inflammatory phenotype in young asthmatics with generally well-controlled asthma. However, enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity can be detected in asthmatics with airway hyperreactivity or who use beta-agonist medication.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Grace Xia Chen, J. Douwes, Leonard van den Berg, Neil Pearce, Hans Kromhout, Bill Glass, David J. McLean, Andrea Martine 't Mannetje
Summary: This study adds to the evidence that pesticides, especially insecticides, fungicides, and fumigants, are risk factors for MND.
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
William Mueller, Miranda Loh, Tony Fletcher, Sarah Rhodes, Lucy Pembrey, Neil Pearce, Martie van Tongeren
Summary: This study investigated the burden of COVID-19 in the UK food and drink processing industry. The results showed that infection rates were associated with deprivation, proportions of remote workers and workers in close proximity, and the number of workers.
ANNALS OF WORK EXPOSURES AND HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Kate E. Mason, Neil Pearce, Steven Cummins
Summary: Neighborhood environments have an influence on cancer risk, particularly in deprived areas. Increasing greenspace may help reduce hospitalizations related to cancer, especially for low-income households and breast cancer patients.
CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Vahe Nafilyan, Ted Dolby, Katie Finning, Piotr Pawelek, Rhiannon Edge, Jasper Morgan, Myer Glickman, Neil Pearce, Martie van Tongeren
Summary: This study investigated the differences in COVID-19 vaccination rates by occupation in England and found significant disparities among different occupations. Occupational ability and exposure to the public were closely associated with vaccination rates. It is necessary to increase vaccination coverage in occupations with low vaccination rates to protect the public and control the spread of the virus.
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Neil Pearce, Sander Greenland
Summary: The 1970s and 1980s saw the emergence of numerous papers discussing synergy, antagonism, and similar concepts of causal interactions and interdependence of effects. These papers emphasized the distinction between these concepts and statistical interaction. They demonstrated how epidemiology can study causal and preventive interdependence, despite its inability to directly investigate the biological mechanisms underlying interaction.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mary K. Schubauer-Berigan, David B. Richardson, Matthew P. Fox, Lin Fritschi, Irina Guseva Canu, Neil Pearce, Leslie Stayner, Amy Berrington de Gonzalez
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Neil Pearce, Jan P. Vandenbroucke
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Angela Pinot De Moira, Neil Pearce, Marie Pedersen, Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
Summary: This study explored factors that may modify associations of early-life animal exposure with asthma and allergic disease, and found that type of animal, source of exposure, parental history of asthma or allergy, and timing of exposure can modify these associations. It is important to consider these factors when assessing the risks associated with early-life animal exposure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Josep M. Anto, Neil Pearce, Jeroen Douwes, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Lucy Pembrey, Lorenzo Richiardi, Jordi Sunyer
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Pilar Tavares Veras Florentino, Thiago Cerqueira-Silva, Luciana Freire De Carvalho, Flavia Jose Oliveira Alves, Vinicius De Araujo Oliveira, Gislani Mateus Oliveira Aguilar, Rodrigo De Sousa Prado, Daniel Soranz, Neil Pearce, Viviane Boaventura, Guilherme Loreiro Werneck, Gerson Oliveira Penna, Mauricio Lima Barreto, Marcio Henrique De Oliveira Garcia, Manoel Barral-Netto, Enny Santos da Paixao
Summary: This study provides evidence that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy, regardless of the vaccine type (CoronaVac or BNT162b2), is safe and does not increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes or neonatal deaths.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Theocharis Kromydas, Evangelia Demou, Rhiannon Edge, Matthew Gittins, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Neil Pearce, Martie van Tongeren, Jack Wilkinson, Sarah Rhodes
Summary: The risk and prevalence of long-COVID differ across industries and occupations. Generally, the likelihood of developing long-COVID symptoms follows the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection, except for professional occupations.
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Victoria K. Massamba, Denis Talbot, Alain Milot, Xavier Trudel, Clermont E. Dionne, Michel Vezina, Benoit Masse, Mahee Gilbert-Ouimet, Gilles R. Dagenais, Neil Pearce, Chantal Brisson
Summary: This study aims to examine the relationship between psychosocial work-related factors and arterial stiffness. It found that job strain may have a long-term deleterious effect on arterial stiffness in people with high blood pressure.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Samantha Horn, Yana Litovsky, George Loewenstein
Summary: This study suggests that curiosity can be a useful tool in increasing demand for and engagement with aversive health information. By manipulating curiosity through various methods, researchers found that participants were more likely to view and engage with information about their drinking habits, cancer risk, and the sugar content in drinks. Overall, curiosity prompts provide a simple and effective way to increase engagement with aversive health information.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sandra Gillner
Summary: Despite high expectations, the extensive and rapid adoption of AI in medical diagnostics has not been realized. This study investigates the perception and navigation of AI providers in complex healthcare systems, revealing their self-organization to increase adaptability and the practices utilized to mitigate tensions within the healthcare subsystems.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Fabian Duartea, Alvaro Jimenez-Molina
Summary: This study found that violence related to social protest has a significant impact on depressive symptoms, leading to an increase in depression among the population in Chile. The effect varies by gender and age, with a stronger influence on men and young adults.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nick Graetz, Carl Gershenson, Sonya R. Porter, Danielle H. Sandler, Emily Lemmerman, Matthew Desmond
Summary: Investments in stable, affordable housing may be an important tool for improving population health. This study, using administrative data, found that high rent burden, increases in rent burden during midlife, and evictions were associated with increased mortality.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Wan Wei
Summary: This study explores the phenomenon of other patient participation in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), uncovering the various roles that third parties can assume during medical interactions. The findings contribute to existing research on patient resistance and triadic medical interactions, providing insights into the dynamics and implications of third-party involvement in medical consultations.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Harry Scarbrough, Katie Rose M. Sanfilippo, Alexandra Ziemann, Charitini Stavropoulou
Summary: This paper examines the contribution of pilot implementation studies to the wider spread and sustainability of innovation in healthcare systems. Through an empirical examination of an innovation intermediary organization in the English NHS, the study finds that their work in mobilizing pilot-based evidence involves configuring to context, transitioning evidence, and managing the transition. The findings contribute to theory by showing how intermediary roles can support the effective transitioning of pilot-based evidence, leading to more widespread adoption and sustainability of innovation.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Marta Seiz, Leire Salazar, Tatiana Eremenko
Summary: This study examines the impact of maternal educational selection on birth outcomes during an economic recession, and finds that more educated mothers are more likely to give birth during high unemployment periods. Additionally, maternal education mitigates the adverse effects of unemployment on birth outcomes and is consistently associated with better perinatal health.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jingyuan Shi, Hye Kyung Kim, Charles T. Salmon, Edson C. Tandoc Jr, Zhang Hao Goh
Summary: This study examines the influence of individual and collective norms on COVID-19 vaccination intention across eight Asian countries. The findings reveal nuanced patterns of how individual and collective social norms influence health behavioral decisions, depending on the degree of cultural tightness-looseness.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Elliot Friedman, Melissa Franks, Elizabeth Teas, Patricia A. Thomas
Summary: This study found that positive relations with others have a significant impact on functional limitations and longevity in aging adults, independent of social integration and social support.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Zhuolin Pan, Yuqi Liu, Ye Liu, Ziwen Huo, Wenchao Han
Summary: This study examines the effects of age-friendly neighbourhood environment and functional abilities on life satisfaction among older adults in urban China. The findings highlight the importance of transportation, housing, and social and physical environment factors in influencing functional abilities and life satisfaction. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers in enhancing older adults' life satisfaction in the Chinese urban context.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)