Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Gabriela Nazar, Carlos-Maria Alcover, Fabian Lanuza, Ana Maria Labrana, Karina Ramirez-Alarcon, Claudia Troncoso-Pantoja, Ana Maria Leiva, Carlos Celis-Morales, Fanny Petermann-Rocha
Summary: This study aimed to examine the agreement between BMI-based nutritional status and perceived nutritional status and explore the association between weight perception accuracy and weight control practices in the Chilean adult population. The results showed fair agreement between BMI-based and perceived nutritional status in the total sample, with higher accuracy in women, younger respondents, and those with higher education and income. Individuals with overweight or obesity tended to underestimate their nutritional status. Weight loss behaviors were more related to perceived nutritional status rather than BMI-based status in all groups.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Vilma Kriaucioniene, Asta Raskiliene, Dalius Petrauskas, Janina Petkeviciene
Summary: The study found that from 2000 to 2017, there were a series of changes in body weight status, self-perception, and eating habits among university students. Females were generally more concerned about weight issues than males, with more females attempting to lose weight and more males perceiving themselves as too thin. Weight-management practices were associated with body weight, self-perception, worries about weight gain, and eating behaviors.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lenka H. Shriver, Jessica M. Dollar, Susan D. Calkins, Susan P. Keane, Lilly Shanahan, Laurie Wideman
Summary: This study found that childhood emotion regulation is associated with emotional eating in adolescence. The link between emotion regulation and emotional eating is moderated by weight status and negative body image in teenagers.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Roberta Pujia, Yvelise Ferro, Samantha Maurotti, Janin Khoory, Carmine Gazzaruso, Arturo Pujia, Tiziana Montalcini, Elisa Mazza
Summary: The first COVID-19 lockdown in Italy impacted the eating habits and body weight of children and adolescents, with increased intake of sweet packaged snacks and processed meat, as well as an increase in vegetable, fresh fruit, and legume consumption, and a decrease in sweet beverage and candy intake. A majority of participants reported weight gain, with adolescents showing a higher increase than children, indicating the importance of closely monitoring dietary behaviors during periods of isolation to prevent unhealthy eating habits and obesity in youth.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Kelly A. Romano, Kristin E. Heron, James M. Henson
Summary: This study aimed to expand weight stigma theoretical models by considering the key points of prominent eating disorder theories and increasing the generalizability of existing models for individuals across the weight spectrum. The results suggest that the adverse impact of weight stigma on different eating disorder symptoms is not limited to individuals with elevated BMIs, and interventions focusing on reducing weight bias internalization and body dissatisfaction are recommended for individuals of different weight categories. Further research on the associations between weight stigma and various eating disorder symptoms beyond disinhibited eating is supported.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Madoka Tokuyama, Jun Seino, Keishoku Sakuraba, Yoshio Suzuki
Summary: The study found that low energy availability occurred during a rugby summer camp, and serum iron levels and TSAT may be better predictors of LEA.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nicholas Errol Rahim, David Flood, Maja E. Marcus, Michaela Theilmann, Taing N. Aung, Kokou Agoudavi, Krishna Kumararyal, Silver Bahendeka, Brice Bicaba, Pascal Bovet, Alpha Oumar Diallo, Farshad Farzadfar, David Guwatudde, Corine Houehanou, Dismand Houinato, Nahla Hwalla, Jutta Jorgensen, Gibson Bernard Kagaruki, Mary Mayige, Roy Wong-McClure, Bagher Larijani, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Omar Mwalim, Kibachio Joseph Mwangi, Sudipa Sarkar, Abla M. Sibai, Lela Sturua, Chea Wesseh, Pascal Geldsetzer, Rifat Atun, Sebastian Vollmer, Till Baernighausen, Justine Davies, Mohammed K. Ali, Jacqueline A. Seiglie, Jennifer Manne-Goehler
Summary: The global burden of diabetes is increasing, but there is limited evidence on individual-level diabetes prevention activities in low-income and middle-income countries. This study found that a large proportion of individuals in these countries are at high risk of developing diabetes, but less than half reported receiving fundamental prevention activities. The lowest receipt of these activities was observed in low-income countries and among individuals with no formal education.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Anne-Siri Fismen, Martina Galler, Knut-Inge Klepp, Angeline Chatelan, Caroline Residori, Kristiina Ojala, Anna Dzielska, Colette Kelly, Marina Melkumova, Sanja Music Milanovic, Paola Nardone, Eliska Stefanova, Gerd Flodgren, Therese Bakke, Oya Ercan, Oddrun Samdal, Arnfinn Helleve
Summary: The study found that self-perceived body weight plays a mediating role in the association between overweight or obesity and mental well-being, and perceiving oneself as too thin or too fat is associated with poorer mental health. Self-perceived body weight varies by gender, socioeconomic status, and country.
JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Young-Rock Hong, Sandhya Yadav, Ryan Suk, Alexandra M. Lee, Faith A. Newsome, Crystal N. Johnson-Mann, Michelle Cardel, Kathryn M. Ross
Summary: This cross-sectional study found that individuals who underwent bariatric surgery had improved physical activity and eating behaviors compared to those eligible for surgery, but the improvements were still suboptimal. Efforts are needed to incorporate physical activity and a healthy diet into postbariatric care.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
MacKenzie Robertson, Fiona Duffy, Emily Newman, Cecilia Prieto Bravo, Hasan Huseyin Ates, Helen Sharpe
Summary: Early reports suggest that lockdown measures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic are negatively impacting people's mental health, leading to changes in eating habits and body dissatisfaction. Women are more likely to experience difficulties in regulating eating and worsening body image compared to men. Individuals with a current or past diagnosis of eating disorders face greater challenges in these aspects, even when compared to those with other mental health and developmental disorders.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alic Bellicha, Marleen A. van Baak, Francesca Battista, Kristine Beaulieu, John E. Blundell, Luca Busetto, Eliana V. Carraca, Dror Dicker, Jorge Encantado, Andrea Ermolao, Nathalie Farpour-Lambert, Adriyan Pramono, Euan Woodward, Jean-Michel Oppert
Summary: This overview summarizes the positive effects of exercise training on weight loss and body composition changes in overweight or obese adults, showing significant reductions in fat and visceral fat. Resistance training can help reduce muscle mass loss during weight loss. However, exercise did not show significant effects on weight maintenance.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Elizabeth A. Chivers, Kumar Yogeeswaran, Elena Zubielevitch, Chris G. Sibley
Summary: Globally, the prevalence of obesity has almost tripled in the last 45 years, and almost 2 billion adults are considered overweight or obese. This study examines the change in weight-based bias over the last decade using data from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Survey. The findings suggest that weight-based bias has remained relatively stable over the past decade, with slight increases in warmth toward people who are overweight observed for both men and women, peaking in middle age. There were also small decreases in weight-based bias among younger birth cohorts of women.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Manuel Alcaraz-Ibanez, Adrian Paterna, Mark D. Griffiths, Zsolt Demetrovics
Summary: This study aimed to provide evidence of the invariant nature of the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) scores in assessing the risk status of thinness-related eating disorders (EDs). The results indicated that the EAI scores demonstrated configural, metric, partial scalar, and strict invariance according to the risk status of EDs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND ADDICTION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jessica A. Ballantyne, Gemma Coyle, Sneha Sarwar, Tilman Kuhn
Summary: Preliminary evidence suggests a positive association between fluoride exposure and higher blood pressure among children, but this study found no significant correlation between plasma fluoride concentrations and blood pressure among US children and adolescents. However, there was a weak inverse association between plasma fluoride and HbA1c levels.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Moritz Herle, Mohamed Abdulkadir, Christopher Hubel, Diana Santos Ferreira, Rachel Bryant-Waugh, Ruth Loos, Cynthia M. Bulik, Bianca De Stavola, Nadia Micali
Summary: The study found that polygenic scores for body mass index were associated with increased risk of overeating in early and mid-childhood, while being associated with decreased risk of persistent undereating and fussy eating. However, there was no significant association between polygenic scores for anorexia nervosa and eating behavior trajectories.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Ralph Hertwig, Nina Mazar
Summary: This article conducts a systematic literature review to categorize the types of honesty interventions. The study finds that moral reminders and external commitments are the most frequently studied interventions, while architectural nudges have received less attention. The article suggests that a more thorough examination of the interventions' psychological processes and precise description of experimental designs are crucial for the successful translation and scaling of honesty interventions.
CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Philipp Lorenz-Spreen, Lisa Oswald, Stephan Lewandowsky, Ralph Hertwig
Summary: The impact of digital media on democracy varies depending on the specific political variables and the stage of development of the country, with both positive and negative associations observed.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Lou M. Haux, Jan M. Engelmann, Ruben C. Arslan, Ralph Hertwig, Esther Herrmann
Summary: Risk preference plays a significant role in people's decisions regarding health, wealth, and well-being. In this study, chimpanzees exhibited risk-taking behavior that shared similarities with humans, suggesting that key dimensions of risk preference may emerge independently of human cultural evolution. Chimpanzees showed consistency in their risk preferences across domains and measurements, displayed ambiguity aversion, and males were more prone to risk-taking than females. Furthermore, risk-taking behavior peaked in young adulthood.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Anastasia Kozyreva, Sam Wineburg, Stephan Lewandowsky, Ralph Hertwig
Summary: Low-quality and misleading information online often grab people's attention by evoking curiosity, outrage, or anger. To resist the influence of such information, people need to adopt new mental habits and develop the competence of critical ignoring, which involves choosing what to ignore and where to invest limited attentional capacities.
CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Leonidas Spiliopoulos, Ralph Hertwig
Summary: The study determined the scope and prevalence of decision models in different environments and evaluated the accuracy of predictions made by these models.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Michael Kilb, Helge Giese, Jutta Mata
Summary: Young adults are often exposed to eating-related social media content, but the influence of such exposure on eating behavior is not well understood. Two field experiments were conducted, manipulating the posting behavior of young adults and analyzing the effects on both the posters and their network members. The results showed a descriptive increase in intake among the posters and their network members, but the increase was not statistically significant. However, posting did lead to higher perceived social support and influenced eating behavior change in those with change goals.
Article
Psychology
Jan K. Woike, Ralph Hertwig, Gerd Gigerenzer
Summary: This study aimed to test two competing theoretical views on how people infer the Bayesian posterior probability: single-process theories and toolbox theories. Through analyzing data from a large number of participants, little support was found for the tested single-process theories. However, simulations showed that a single process, the weighing-and-adding model, could best fit the aggregate data and achieve the best out-of-sample prediction. Testing five non-Bayesian rules plus Bayes's rule, a toolbox was found to capture 64% of the inferences.
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anastasia Kozyreva, Stefan M. Herzog, Stephan Lewandowsky, Ralph Hertwig, Philipp Lorenz-Spreen, Mark Leiser, Jason Reifler
Summary: In online content moderation, protecting freedom of expression and preventing harm are conflicting values. Little is known about people's judgments and preferences in content moderation. We conducted a survey experiment with US respondents to understand their attitudes towards problematic social media posts on various topics. The majority prioritize removing harmful misinformation over protecting free speech. Partisan differences were observed, with Republicans being less willing to remove posts or penalize accounts across all scenarios. Our findings can inform the design of transparent content moderation rules for harmful misinformation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mattea Dallacker, Vanessa Knobl, Ralph Hertwig, Jutta Mata
Summary: Family meals are crucial for shaping children's food choices, and extending mealtime duration can increase children's intake of fruits and vegetables.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Mads Kock Pedersen, Carlos Mauricio Castano Diaz, Qian Janice Wang, Mario Alejandro Alba-Marrugo, Ali Amidi, Rajiv V. Basaiawmoit, Carsten Bergenholtz, Morten H. Christiansen, Miroslav Gajdacz, Ralph Hertwig, Byurakn Ishkhanyan, Kim Klyver, Nicolai Ladegaard, Kim Mathiasen, Christine Parsons, Janet Rafner, Anders R. Villadsen, Mikkel Wallentin, Blanka Zana, Jacob F. Sherson
Summary: Rapid individual cognitive phenotyping has the potential to revolutionize personalized learning, employment practices, and precision psychiatry. A game-based tool called Skill Lab was developed to assess cognitive abilities while providing an engaging narrative. Using a citizen science platform, a comprehensive validation was conducted, and reliable models were constructed to predict eight cognitive abilities based on in-game behavior. The results demonstrate the feasibility of rapid in-the-wild assessment of cognitive abilities and its potential for population-scale benchmarking and individualized mental health diagnostics.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Philipp Kadel, Irac E. E. Herwig, Jutta Mata
Summary: Despite the availability of information regarding the negative consequences of meat consumption, many Western countries still have a significantly higher meat consumption than recommended. This can be attributed to a phenomenon called deliberate ignorance, where people consciously choose to ignore this information. The study found that deliberate ignorance can hinder information interventions aimed at reducing meat consumption and should be taken into consideration for future interventions and research. Self-efficacy exercises show promise in reducing deliberate ignorance and should be explored further.
PSYCHOLOGY & HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Ralph Hertwig, Stefan M. Herzog, Anastasia Kozyreva
Summary: Inequalities and injustices in liberal societies are caused by implicit social bias, and using algorithms to make crucial decisions can both mitigate and perpetuate biases. Rawls's veil of ignorance and deliberate ignorance can help shield individuals, institutions, and algorithms from biases. The research agenda should focus on improving human judgment accuracy by concealing biasing information and proposing interdisciplinary research questions.
PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Ralph Hertwig
Summary: Chater & Loewenstein criticize how behavioral sciences and public policy align with corporations to blame public health and societal issues on individual weaknesses, thus diverting attention from systemic reforms. However, their analysis fails to adequately hold the field accountable for its excessive focus on human irrationality and weaknesses.
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Ralph Hertwig
Summary: Two concepts of Mill's harm principle and the distinction between public and private spheres should be revisited in today's 'ultra-processed' world, where advanced technologies exploit human psychology and jeopardize citizens' well-being. Systemic interventions like regulation and taxation are necessary to minimize harm, which should be supplemented with interventions informed by behavioral science that guide individual behaviors. Empowering individuals to self-nudge, rather than paternalistic nudging, allows them to design their own decision environments and choice architectures.
BEHAVIOURAL PUBLIC POLICY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Samuli Reijula, Ralph Hertwig
Summary: This article argues that nudges can be transformed into self-nudges, empowering individuals to design and structure their own decision environments. Self-nudging applies insights from behavioral science practically and economically while avoiding concerns about paternalism or manipulation. It has the potential to expand the application of behavioral insights from the public to the personal sphere, reducing self-control failures and enhancing personal autonomy.
BEHAVIOURAL PUBLIC POLICY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Samantha Horn, Yana Litovsky, George Loewenstein
Summary: This study suggests that curiosity can be a useful tool in increasing demand for and engagement with aversive health information. By manipulating curiosity through various methods, researchers found that participants were more likely to view and engage with information about their drinking habits, cancer risk, and the sugar content in drinks. Overall, curiosity prompts provide a simple and effective way to increase engagement with aversive health information.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sandra Gillner
Summary: Despite high expectations, the extensive and rapid adoption of AI in medical diagnostics has not been realized. This study investigates the perception and navigation of AI providers in complex healthcare systems, revealing their self-organization to increase adaptability and the practices utilized to mitigate tensions within the healthcare subsystems.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Fabian Duartea, Alvaro Jimenez-Molina
Summary: This study found that violence related to social protest has a significant impact on depressive symptoms, leading to an increase in depression among the population in Chile. The effect varies by gender and age, with a stronger influence on men and young adults.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nick Graetz, Carl Gershenson, Sonya R. Porter, Danielle H. Sandler, Emily Lemmerman, Matthew Desmond
Summary: Investments in stable, affordable housing may be an important tool for improving population health. This study, using administrative data, found that high rent burden, increases in rent burden during midlife, and evictions were associated with increased mortality.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Wan Wei
Summary: This study explores the phenomenon of other patient participation in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), uncovering the various roles that third parties can assume during medical interactions. The findings contribute to existing research on patient resistance and triadic medical interactions, providing insights into the dynamics and implications of third-party involvement in medical consultations.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Harry Scarbrough, Katie Rose M. Sanfilippo, Alexandra Ziemann, Charitini Stavropoulou
Summary: This paper examines the contribution of pilot implementation studies to the wider spread and sustainability of innovation in healthcare systems. Through an empirical examination of an innovation intermediary organization in the English NHS, the study finds that their work in mobilizing pilot-based evidence involves configuring to context, transitioning evidence, and managing the transition. The findings contribute to theory by showing how intermediary roles can support the effective transitioning of pilot-based evidence, leading to more widespread adoption and sustainability of innovation.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Marta Seiz, Leire Salazar, Tatiana Eremenko
Summary: This study examines the impact of maternal educational selection on birth outcomes during an economic recession, and finds that more educated mothers are more likely to give birth during high unemployment periods. Additionally, maternal education mitigates the adverse effects of unemployment on birth outcomes and is consistently associated with better perinatal health.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jingyuan Shi, Hye Kyung Kim, Charles T. Salmon, Edson C. Tandoc Jr, Zhang Hao Goh
Summary: This study examines the influence of individual and collective norms on COVID-19 vaccination intention across eight Asian countries. The findings reveal nuanced patterns of how individual and collective social norms influence health behavioral decisions, depending on the degree of cultural tightness-looseness.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Elliot Friedman, Melissa Franks, Elizabeth Teas, Patricia A. Thomas
Summary: This study found that positive relations with others have a significant impact on functional limitations and longevity in aging adults, independent of social integration and social support.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Zhuolin Pan, Yuqi Liu, Ye Liu, Ziwen Huo, Wenchao Han
Summary: This study examines the effects of age-friendly neighbourhood environment and functional abilities on life satisfaction among older adults in urban China. The findings highlight the importance of transportation, housing, and social and physical environment factors in influencing functional abilities and life satisfaction. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers in enhancing older adults' life satisfaction in the Chinese urban context.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
