Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryan R. Germain, Shaohong Feng, Lucas Buffan, Carlos P. Carmona, Guangii Chen, Gary R. Graves, Joseph A. Tobias, Carsten Rahbek, Fumin Lei, Jon Fjeldsa, Peter A. Hosner, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Guojie Zhang, David Nogues-Bravo
Summary: By combining morphological, ecological, and life-history trait data with genomic-based estimates of changing effective population size, this study explores the demographic-based shifts in avian functional diversity over the past million years and under pre-anthropogenic climate warming. The results show that functional diversity remained relatively stable over this period, but significant changes occurred in some key areas of trait space due to changing species abundances. Furthermore, the study identifies the vulnerability of different regions of functional space among taxa, enhancing our understanding of losses of biosphere integrity before human disturbances and contemporary biodiversity loss.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Christopher R. Scotese, Haijun Song, Benjamin J. W. Mills, Douwe G. van der Meer
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive and quantitative estimate of global temperature changes over the past 540 million years, combining various paleoclimate indicators. The global temperature model includes estimates of global average temperature, tropical temperatures, deep ocean temperatures, and polar temperatures. The history of global temperature changes has been summarized into 8 major climate modes, each consisting of warming and cooling episodes influenced by geological processes.
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jose-Luis Molina, Susana Laguela, Santiago Zazo
Summary: This study aims to evaluate and quantify perturbed groundwater budgets considering the projected reduction of Average Snow Fraction of Surface Runoff, applied to the Central Mountain Range of Iberian Peninsula. The research results show a general decreased groundwater availability in the future.
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Biology
Adam T. Kocsis, Carl J. Reddin, Christopher R. Scotese, Paul J. Valdes, Wolfgang Kiessling
Summary: The formation of biogeographic provinces is influenced by abiotic environmental fluctuations, with changes in continental distribution having predictable effects on the evolution of marine provinciality. The latitudinal temperature gradient has been twice as important as continental configuration in determining marine provinciality.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anna Gumula-Kawecka, Beata Jaworska-Szulc, Adam Szymkiewicz, Wioletta Gorczewska-Langner, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo, Jirka Simunek
Summary: We studied the impact of climate change on shallow aquifers in the Brda and Wda outwash plains in Northern Poland from 1951 to 2020. The temperature showed a significant rise, especially after 1980. Precipitation became increasingly irregular with extreme rainy years following or preceding extremely dry years, and intense rainfall events became more frequent after 2000. Despite higher average annual precipitation, the groundwater level has decreased in the last 20 years. Numerical simulations using the HYDRUS-1D model and field tracer experiments further analyzed the water flow and its impact on the vadose zone. The results suggest that water content in the unsaturated zone, influenced by precipitation over weeks, plays a significant role in tracer travel times rather than extreme precipitation events.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Nejat Zeydalinejad, Hamid Reza Nassery
Summary: This study examines the impact of climate change on groundwater resources in Iran and finds that there is a lack of research in this area, especially in developing countries. Climate change is expected to have negative effects on groundwater resources, including declining water levels and reduced storage. Without changes in current management approaches, the water crisis in Iran will worsen.
STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT
(2023)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jonathan O'Callaghan
Summary: Only a small portion of the Earth's surface will be suitable for mammal habitation when the next supercontinent, Pangaea Ultima, forms.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yuxiao Xu, Yamin Deng, Tianliang Zheng, Yao Du, Hongchen Jiang, Kunfu Pi, Xianjun Xie, Yiqun Gan, Teng Ma, Yanxin Wang
Summary: This study presents evidence suggesting that climate change is the main factor behind the formation of high arsenic aquifers in the central Yangtze River Basin. The research also explains the process of formation and the separation between high arsenic aquifers and arsenic-depleted aquifers.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Huilin Huang, Michael R. Fischella, Yufei Liu, Zhaoxin Ban, Jessica V. Fayne, Dongyue Li, Kyle C. Cavanaugh, Dennis P. Lettenmaier
Summary: This study analyzes the changes in flood frequency, magnitude, and timing caused by different flood generating mechanisms in the Western U.S. It finds a decrease in frequency and magnitude of rain-on-snow-driven floods, an increase in frequency and magnitude of convective-storm-driven floods, and an earlier occurrence of snowmelt-driven floods. Flood characteristics produced by other mechanisms remain generally stable.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Ismail Abd-Elaty, Salvatore Straface, Alban Kuriqi
Summary: This study addresses the issue of saltwater intrusion accelerated by sea-level rise in different climate regions by proposing specific measures such as constructing reservoirs, physical barriers, artificial recharge, and desalination. Numerical simulations show that selecting appropriate strategies based on climate conditions can effectively reduce the risk of saltwater intrusion.
ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Entomology
Simona Bonelli, Cristiana Cerrato, Francesca Barbero, Maria Virginia Boiani, Giorgio Buffa, Luca Pietro Casacci, Lorenzo Fracastoro, Antonello Provenzale, Enrico Rivella, Michele Zaccagno, Emilio Balletto
Summary: The study monitored the changes in a butterfly community in the Maritime Alps over a period of 40 years and found an overall increase in mobile, tolerant, and thermophilous species. These changes in the butterfly community composition were attributed to the increase in maximum temperatures and the reduction of grasslands, along with the increase of woodlands. The study highlights the impact of local warming and land-use changes on butterfly communities.
Article
Ecology
Elisa Barreto, Philip B. Holden, Neil R. Edwards, Thiago F. Rangel
Summary: Climate change is crucial for biodiversity by driving processes like diversification and range shifts. However, our understanding of the spatial and temporal variation in climate over millennia is limited due to the lack of accessible spatio-temporal paleoclimate data. This study presents the PALEO-PGEM-Series, a global dataset of the last 5 million years with 1000-year resolution, which can help advance our understanding of the relationship between biodiversity and climate.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Javier Igea, Andrew J. Tanentzap
Summary: Research has shown that uplift over the last 3 million years has a significant impact on the speciation of all mammals and birds, with topographic changes playing a larger role than direct effects of paleoclimate change and present-day elevation and temperature. Historical geological processes may ultimately generate much of the world's biodiversity, highlighting the importance of topography as a driver of evolutionary change and novelty on Earth's surface.
NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elke Zeller, Axel Timmermann, Kyung-Sook Yun, Pasquale Raia, Karl Stein, Jiaoyang Ruan
Summary: By simulating the evolution of the earth system-biome and analyzing extensive hominin fossil and archaeological data, we examine the impact of vegetation and ecosystem diversity on hominin adaptation and migration. The findings indicate that early African hominins primarily inhabited open environments such as grasslands and dry shrublands. As they migrated to Eurasia, hominins gradually adapted to a wider range of biomes. Furthermore, our ancestors actively selected spatially diverse environments, as evidenced by the correlation between the location and age of hominin sites and simulated regional biomes. In light of the quantitative results, a new diversity hypothesis is proposed, suggesting that Homo species, particularly Homo sapiens, possessed special abilities to adapt to landscape mosaics.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bridget R. Scanlon, Ashraf Rateb, Donald R. Pool, Ward Sanford, Himanshu Save, Alexander Sun, Di Long, Brian Fuchs
Summary: Climate and human activities have significant impacts on total water storage in 14 major aquifers in the United States, with long-term trends tracked by GRACE satellites. In humid regions such as the eastern U.S., drought has little impact on TWS, while in semi-arid regions in the southwest and south-central U.S., TWS depletion is significant.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Nataline Simon, Olivier Bour
Summary: Active distributed temperature sensing (ADTS) experiments are useful for estimating thermal conductivities of the subsurface and groundwater flows. However, data interpretation can be challenging due to the large amount of data and lack of automated analysis tools. To address this, we developed the ADTS Toolbox, which contains MATLAB codes for automated interpretation and calculation of ADTS measurements.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Nicolas Cornette, Clement Roques, Alexandre Boisson, Quentin Courtois, Jean Marcais, Josette Launay, Guillaume Pajot, Florence Habets, Jean-Raynald de Dreuzy
Summary: Surface and subsurface flows interact at different scales, influencing water partitioning between base flow, seepage flow, and overland flow. However, quantifying this interaction remains challenging.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Thomas G. Bernard, Philippe Davy, Dimitri Lague
Summary: Topographic metrics are used to quantify the relationships between geometric properties of landscapes and reveal the processes shaping them. Traditional methods are unable to accurately analyze high resolution flow patterns and width, so new methods are required. In this study, 2D hydraulic simulations are used to analyze landform structures such as hillslope-channel connections and floodplains. The simulations provide better identification of hillslope-channel connections and estimation of river flow width. The use of these simulations opens up new perspectives in high resolution landform analysis.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Marc Hugentobler, Jordan Aaron, Simon Loew, Clement Roques
Summary: Rock slope failures are often caused by long-term progressive rock mass damage. In deglaciating environments, stress changes resulting from mechanical unloading due to ice downwasting and concurrent changes in thermal and hydraulic boundary conditions affect rock slopes. However, due to the lack of in-situ data, the different processes and their contributions to slope damage are not well understood. In this study, borehole monitoring data from a rock slope adjacent to the retreating Great Aletsch Glacier in Switzerland are analyzed, and the results are compared with englacial water levels, climate data, and decreasing ice levels. The findings indicate that rock slope pore pressures show a seasonal signal controlled by infiltration events and the connectivity to the englacial hydrological system. Most of the observed irreversible strain (damage) is related to mechanical unloading from ice downwasting. The study also confirms that the current climate warming impacts sensitive valley sectors, as evidenced by landslide distributions and activity in the study area.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Edwin R. C. Baynes, Dimitri Lague, Philippe Steer, Philippe Davy
Summary: Mountain landscapes respond to tectonic and climate forces through enhanced bedrock river incision, propagating the signal from the valley bottom to the valley ridges. Understanding the mechanisms of bedrock river incision is crucial for predicting landscape evolution. This study demonstrates the direct impact of knickpoint retreat on channel width, highlighting the importance of both vertical and lateral incision in landscape evolution models.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Marine Le Minor, Philippe Davy, Jamie Howarth, Dimitri Lague
Summary: In natural rivers, the diversity of transport modes is controlled by sediment heterogeneity and flow variability. However, there is currently a lack of a law that can explain sediment transport from bed load to suspended load for a wide range of sediment mixtures and flow conditions. In this study, we present a Multi Grain-Size Total Load model that captures the diversity of transport modes and predicts transport capacities for different grain sizes based on widely accepted concepts of sediment transport.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jeremy Rohmer, Antoine Armandine Les Landes, Annick Loschetter, Charles Maragna
Summary: This study proposes an adaptation of the metamodel-based approach for aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) systems. By training a single metamodel within the setting of multifidelity cokriging, the predictive performance is improved while saving computational time cost.
COMPUTATIONAL GEOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
J. Godinaud, M. Klepikova, F. Larroque, N. Guiheneuf, A. Dupuy, O. Bour
Summary: Fiber-Optic Active Distributed Temperature Sensing (FO-ADTS) experiments were conducted on an ATES site in Bordeaux, France. The experiments involved heating the FO cable's steel core and monitoring the rate of temperature increase. The results showed that ADTS can estimate thermal conductivity, Darcy velocity distribution, and detect clogging in boreholes, offering potential benefits for maintaining ATES system performance without the need for extensive drilling or system shutdown.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Silvia De Simone, Olivier Bour, Philippe Davy
Summary: Heat transport in fractured aquifers is influenced by the heterogeneity of flow velocity in the fracture system as well as the diffusive exchange between fluid and rock matrix. This study focuses on the impact of diffusive exchange on heat transport response, compared to solute transport governed by pure advective displacement. The behavior observed after the peak differs from matrix diffusion and is driven by the variability of velocity field and fracture aperture field. Theoretical models are derived to predict these pre-asymptotic tails under extreme cases related to specific network structures.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Hermans, Pascal Goderniaux, Damien Jougnot, Jan H. Fleckenstein, Philip Brunner, Frederic Nguyen, Niklas Linde, Johan Alexander Huisman, Olivier Bour, Jorge Lopez Alvis, Richard Hoffmann, Andrea Palacios, Anne-Karin Cooke, Alvaro Pardo-Alvarez, Lara Blazevic, Behzad Pouladi, Peleg Haruzi, Alejandro Fernandez Visentini, Guilherme E. H. Nogueira, Joel Tirado-Conde, Majken C. Looms, Meruyert Kenshilikova, Philippe Davy, Tanguy Le Borgne
Summary: This paper discusses the interest and potential for monitoring and characterizing spatial and temporal variability in hydrogeological processes, and proposes a classification of processes and applications at different scales based on high-resolution space-time imaging. The authors call for the validation of 4D imaging techniques at highly instrumented observatories and the harmonization of open databases to share hydrogeological data sets in their 4D components.
HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Luca Guillaumot, Laurent Longuevergne, Jean Marcais, Nicolas Lavenant, Olivier Bour
Summary: Groundwater recharge estimation in fractured aquifers is challenging due to the variability of soil properties and the lack of data. This study introduces a new approach that considers groundwater lateral flow and improves recharge estimation by analyzing water table fluctuations in the frequency domain. The findings highlight the importance of rainfall distribution and unsaturated zone thickness in recharge generation.
HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Clement Roques, David E. Rupp, Jean-Raynald De Dreuzy, Laurent Longuevergne, Elizabeth R. Jachens, Gordon Grant, Luc Aquilina, John S. Selker
Summary: We found that the vertical compartmentalization of hillslopes has a significant impact on groundwater flow and recession discharge. Streamflow recession behavior can deviate from predictions made by groundwater theory when hydraulic properties are vertically compartmentalized.
HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Nataline Simon, Olivier Bour, Mikael Faucheux, Nicolas Lavenant, Hugo Le Lay, Ophelie Fovet, Zahra Thomas, Laurent Longuevergne
Summary: Exchanges between groundwater and surface water are important for ecosystem preservation, but the spatial variability in groundwater discharge into streams remains challenging. This study evaluates the potential of using FO-DTS technology to locate and quantify groundwater discharge at a high resolution. The combination of passive and active DTS measurements shows promise for quantifying groundwater discharge at different spatial and temporal scales.
HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Leopold de Lavaissiere, Stephane Bonnet, Anne Guyez, Philippe Davy
Summary: The upstream propagation of knickpoints in river longitudinal profiles is influenced by the dynamics of river width, which can lead to the formation of autogenic knickpoints independent of external perturbations such as tectonics or climate.
EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS
(2022)