Article
Clinical Neurology
John R. Best, Daniel R. Y. Gan, Andrew Wister, Theodore D. Cosco
Summary: The study found that depressive symptoms exhibit non-linear age trends and gender differences in mid and late adulthood, with women reporting more symptoms than men. However, there is also an interaction between gender and age in different age groups, indicating potential differences in depressive symptoms manifestation.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hannah Roberts, Angus Clark, Carter Sherman, Mary M. Heitzeg, Brian M. Hicks
Summary: Through a national online survey, trends in sexual behaviors among adults in the United States were identified, with age- and sex-related patterns found. Variations in sexual behaviors based on relationship status and sexual orientation were noted, while differences across racial and ethnic groups were relatively small.
Article
Substance Abuse
Fred Nalugoda, Dorean Nabukalu, Joseph Ssekasanvu, Robert Ssekubugu, Connie Hoe, Joseph Kagaayi, Nelson K. Sewankambo, David M. Serwadda, Maria J. Wawer, Kate M. Grabowski, Steven J. Reynolds, Godfrey Kigozi, Ronald H. Gray, Ping T. Yeh, Larry W. Chang
Summary: Tobacco smoking rates are declining in the Rakai region of rural Uganda, with higher prevalence among men, older individuals, those previously married, and those with lower education levels. There is a need to continue targeting sub-populations with higher smoking prevalence despite the observed decline.
TOBACCO INDUCED DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ville-Petteri Makinen, Mari Karsikas, Johannes Kettunen, Terho Lehtimaki, Mika Kahonen, Jorma Viikari, Markus Perola, Veikko Salomaa, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Olli T. Raitakari, Mika Ala-Korpela
Summary: This study investigated metabolic ageing trends in two large cohorts using new methods, revealing that women gained more weight but showed milder metabolic changes compared to men. Temporal sex differences were observed for certain metabolic markers, and individuals with different weight changes exhibited divergent patterns in certain metabolic measures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Herve Fundenberger, Yannick Stephan, Antonio Terracciano, Caroline Dupre, Bienvenu Bongue, David Hupin, Nathalie Barth, Brice Canada
Summary: This study examined the association between subjective age and falls, finding that older subjective age was associated with an increased risk of falls. Subjective age assessment can help identify individuals at greater risk of falls.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Aleya Khalifa, Robert Ssekubugu, Justin Lessler, Maria Wawer, John S. Santelli, Susie Hoffman, Fred Nalugoda, Tom Lutalo, Anthony Ndyanabo, Joseph Ssekasanvu, Godfrey Kigozi, Joseph Kagaayi, Larry W. Chang, Mary Kathryn Grabowski
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of excluding some residents due to population growth on key HIV metrics in a longitudinal population-based HIV cohort study in Uganda. The results showed that excluding residents in new households may slightly bias HIV viremia estimates and some age-specific seroprevalence estimates, but overall HIV seroprevalence estimates were not significantly affected.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Brittany M. Charlton, Jenny L. Carwile, Jorge E. Chavarro, Amy D. DiVasta, Najat J. Ziyadeh, S. Bryn Austin
Summary: This study found that sexual minority girls reach menarche at a younger age compared to heterosexual girls, with a higher likelihood of early menarche and a lower likelihood of late menarche.
JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Amanda P. Miller, Eileen V. Pitpitan, Dorean Nabukalu, Fred Nalugoda, Gertrude Nakigozi, Godfrey Kigozi, Mary Kate Grabowski, Caitlin E. Kennedy, Jennifer A. Wagman
Summary: The study found that in Uganda, there is an association between transactional sex and intimate partner violence and both alcohol use and transactional sex are significantly associated with different forms of IPV. The risk factors for IPV vary by community type, highlighting the importance of tailored interventions.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Kristen Pickles, Erin Cvejic, Brooke Nickel, Tessa Copp, Carissa Bonner, Julie Leask, Julie Ayre, Carys Batcup, Samuel Cornell, Thomas Dakin, Rachael H. Dodd, Jennifer M. J. Isautier, Kirsten J. McCaffery
Summary: Younger age, male gender, lower education level, and speaking a language other than English at home are associated with stronger belief in COVID-19 misinformation. Misinformation beliefs are significantly linked to lower levels of digital health literacy, perceived threat of COVID-19, confidence in government, and trust in scientific institutions. Lower institutional trust and greater rejection of official government accounts are related to stronger agreement with COVID-19 misinformation.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Van Kinh Nguyen, Jeffrey W. Eaton
Summary: Sexual debut age varies in sub-Saharan Africa according to cultural, religious, and economic factors. Women generally have a younger age at first sex compared to men, with the largest gender gap in Sahel region countries and the smallest gap in southern African countries. Although there has been a slight increase in median age at first sex for females between 1985 and 2020 in most countries, the changes were modest. It is important to note that there are reporting biases among different age groups and genders.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yu-Tzu Wu, Albert Sanchez Niubo, Christina Daskalopoulou, Dario Moreno-Agostino, Denes Stefler, Martin Bobak, Sian Oram, Martin Prince, Matthew Prina
Summary: This study found that men have a 60% higher mortality risk than women at older age, with variations across countries. Smoking and cardiovascular diseases were key factors contributing to the reduction in mortality gap.
CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Castro Ayebeng, Kwamena Sekyi Dickson, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Joshua Amo-Adjei
Summary: This study examined the trends and predictors of single motherhood in Ghana from 1993 to 2014. The findings indicate that premarital birth is the major pathway to single motherhood, and older age and contraceptive use decrease the likelihood of being a single mother. In addition, women with higher economic status are less likely to be single mothers.
HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Joseph Kawuki, Quraish Sserwanja, David Mukunya, Abigail Sitsope Sepenu, Milton Wamboko Musaba
Summary: The study revealed a high prevalence of sexual violence among rural Ugandan women, which is significantly associated with factors such as educational level, region, wealth index, justified beating, health care decision-making, and husband's/partner's frequency of getting drunk.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bo Yuan, Cynthia A. de Wit
Summary: A study found relatively high concentrations of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in moose from Grimso'', Sweden compared to other wildlife in Scandinavia. The study examined the temporal trends of CP concentrations in moose calves over the past 40 years. The results showed increasing CP concentrations from 1982 to the 1990s, high levels in 1993 and 2008, and decreasing concentrations after 2012. Male moose had exponentially increasing CP levels with age, while females had exponentially decreasing CP levels. The accumulation of CPs in moose suggests additional stress on males of this long-lived terrestrial mammal.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Francisca S. Rodriguez, Alexander Pabst, Kathrin Heser, Luca Kleineidam, Andre Hajek, Marion Eisele, Susanne Roehr, Margrit Loebner, Birgitt Wiese, Matthias C. Angermeyer, Wolfgang Maier, Martin Scherer, Michael Wagner, Hans-Helmut Koenig, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller
Summary: Little evidence is available on disorientation, one of the most challenging symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Regular walking activities might possibly reduce the risk for disorientation, but further research is necessary.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Neema R. Mosha, Jim Todd, Crispin Mukerebe, Milly Marston, Soledad Colombe, Benjamin Clark, James Beard, Baltazar Mtenga, Emma Slaymaker, Ties Boerma, Basia Zaba, Mark Urassa
Summary: Despite efforts to strengthen HIV prevention and treatment services, sub-Saharan countries still have a high burden of HIV infections and related deaths. This study in Tanzania found that HIV prevalence and incidence declined over time, but new infections continue to occur. The uptake of ART services remains low, highlighting the need for additional efforts in resource-limited areas.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS
(2022)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
James R. Carpenter, Jim Todd, Kathy Baisley, John Bradley, Nazarius Mbona Tumwesigye, Patrick Musonda, Tobias Chirwa
Summary: This article reviews the training of African students in the MSc in medical statistics program and the impact of two capacity building initiatives. It reflects on the implications for future work in this field.
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Elizabeth Kasagama, Jim Todd, Jenny Renju
Summary: The proportion of pregnant women in Tanzania who had adequate ANC visits fluctuated over time, mainly due to changes in health behavior and mother's characteristics. The study highlights the significant contribution of early initiation of ANC in increasing the proportion of women who attain four or more ANC visits.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Angela Obasi, Maaike Seekles, Judith Boshe, Dorothy Dow, Blandina Mmbaga, Fileuka Ngakongwa, Elialilia Okello, Jenny Renju, Elizabeth Shayo, Gema Simbee, Jim Todd, Ndekya Oriyo
Summary: This research aims to identify priorities for research and research capacity strengthening in adolescent mental health in Tanzania by adapting and merging the James Lind Alliance approach and validated capacity strengthening methodologies. The results will be disseminated through various channels and collaborations, including national workshops, publications, policy briefs, webinars, and social media.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Bazil Baltazar Kavishe, Mette Frahm Olsen, Suzanne Filteau, Brenda W. Kitilya, Kidola Jeremiah, Rikke Krogh-Madsen, Jim Todd, Henrik Friis, Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen, George PrayGod, Robert Peck
Summary: During the first year of antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV experience rapid weight and fat mass gain, which contributes to a rapid increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP).
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zvifadzo Matsena Zingoni, Tobias Chirwa, Jim Todd, Eustasius Musenge
Summary: This study assessed the spatio-temporal risk of loss to follow-up in HIV patients in different provinces of Zimbabwe. It found that Harare and Bulawayo had the highest rates of loss to follow-up, and that an increase in the average number of years on ART reduced the risk of loss to follow-up.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Ola Farid Jahanpour, Elphas Luchemo Okango, Jim Todd, Henry Mwambi, Michael Johnson Mahande
Summary: While determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in Tanzania have been studied, the existence and contribution of regional variability to the practice have not been explored. The study shows that there is room for improvement in the proportion of those who practice exclusive breastfeeding in Tanzania, and about a quarter of the variability in exclusive breastfeeding practices is at the community level.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Denna Mkwashapi, Jenny Renju, Michael Mahande, John Changalucha, Mark Urassa, Jim Todd
Summary: A study conducted in northwestern Tanzania using data from a Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) found that fertility rates declined from 1994 to 2018 in the study area. The fertility rate among HIV-infected women was lower than that of uninfected women, but the difference narrowed over time.
Article
Immunology
Bazil Baltazar Kavishe, George PrayGod, Soren Brage, Brenda Wilfred Kitilya, Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen, Jim Todd, Kidola Jeremiah, Suzanne Filteau, Mette Frahm Olsen, Robert Peck
Summary: This study conducted a 1-year prospective cohort study in northwestern Tanzania to investigate the nocturnal heart rate variability in people living with HIV (PLWH). It was found that PLWH had lower parasympathetic nervous system function compared to HIV-uninfected adults. This suggests that improving nocturnal autonomic nervous system function could be important for cardiovascular disease prevention in PLWH.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Julie Ambia, Julio E. Romero-Prieto, Daniel Kwaro, Kathryn Risher, Sammy Khagayi, Clara Calvert, David Obor, Malebogo Tlhajoane, Fredrick Odongo, Milly Marston, Emma Slaymaker, Brian Rice, Chodziwadziwa Whiteson Kabudula, Jeffrey W. Eaton, Georges Reniers
Summary: This study compared HIV prevalence estimates in ANC clinics and a general population sample in western Kenya. The total HIV prevalence was similar in both populations, but age-specific HIV prevalence was higher in the ANC population in most age groups.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Ola Farid Jahanpour, Elphas Luchemo Okango, Jim Todd, Henry Mwambi, Michael J. Mahande
Summary: This study aimed to investigate regional disparities in exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practices in Tanzania and identify determinants of EBF. The results showed that regional and enumeration area (EA) factors influenced EBF practices among infants aged 0-1 and 2-3 months.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Denna Mkwashapi, Jenny Renju, Michael Mahande, Alison Wringe, John Changalucha, Mark Urassa, Jim Todd
Summary: The study found that nearly one-third of women had an unmet need for modern contraception, and the unmet need was lower in HIV-uninfected women compared to women living with HIV. The study identified groups of women whose demand for contraception has not been met, including women living with HIV, married women, women with low education, and women who earn money for their families. Family planning interventions should prioritize these groups of women.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Elizabeth C. George, Sophie Uyoga, Bridon M'baya, Dorothy Kyeyune Byabazair, Sarah Kiguli, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Robert Opoka, George Chagaluka, Florence Alaroker, Thomas N. Williams, Imelda Bates, Dora Mbanya, Diana M. Gibb, A. Sarah Walker, Kathryn Maitland
Summary: This study analyzed the safety and efficacy of transfusion in children with severe anaemia, and found that the use of packed or settled cells instead of whole blood leads to additional transfusions and increased use of scarce resources. These findings have significant cost implications for blood transfusion and health services.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kathryn A. Risher, Anne Cori, Georges Reniers, Milly Marston, Clara Calvert, Amelia Crampin, Tawanda Dadirai, Albert Dube, Simon Gregson, Kobus Herbst, Tom Lutalo, Louisa Moorhouse, Baltazar Mtenga, Dorean Nabukalu, Robert Newton, Alison J. Price, Malebogo Tlhajoane, Jim Todd, Keith Tomlin, Mark Urassa, Alain Vandormael, Christophe Fraser, Emma Slaymaker, Jeffrey W. Eaton
Summary: The study found that HIV incidence declined in all age groups and shifted slightly towards older ages. Disproportionate new HIV infections occurred among women aged 15-24 years and men aged 20-29 years, supporting targeted prevention efforts in these groups. However, 40-60% of infections were outside these age groups, highlighting the importance of providing appropriate HIV prevention to adults of all ages.