Correction
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Celia Arib, Nadia Bouchemal, Maria Barile, Didier Paleni, Nadia Djaker, Nathalie Dupont, Jolanda Spadavecchia
Summary: This study presents a novel design of gold nanoparticles by using flavin-adenine-dinucleotide as a coupling reagent, and evaluates their physico-chemical properties, as well as discusses their potential applications in nanomedicine.
NANOSCALE ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Won-Yong Jeon, Han-Sem Kam, Hye-Won Jang, Ye-Sung Lee, Ueon Sang Shin, Hyug-Han Kim, Young -Bong Choi
Summary: In this study, an efficient FAD-GDH-based DET glucose sensor was developed, which showed no interference from other substances or oxygen. The sensor exhibited increasing oxidation catalytic currents with different glucose concentrations and maintained high enzyme activity during short-term stability assessment.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Amani A. Gillette, Rebecca A. DeStefanis, Stephanie L. Pritzl, Dustin A. Deming, Melissa C. Skala
Summary: This study investigates the effects of Bcl-2 family protein inhibitors on cellular metabolism and finds that the optical redox ratio (ORR) is sensitive to changes in mitochondrial function and cell senescence, which can occur independently of cell viability. The metabolic changes caused by ABT-263 treatment can be mitigated by combination with mTORC1/2 inhibitors.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Virginia Merk, Eugen Speiser, Wolfgang Werncke, Norbert Esser, Janina Kneipp
Summary: The ultraviolet resonance Raman spectra of NAD+ and FAD in aqueous solution at physiological concentration were compared in order to distinguish them from their building block, adenine, in potential co-occurrence in biological materials. The measurement of spectra at different pH values showed characteristic changes mainly due to deprotonation of flavin and nicotinamide moieties, and protonation of adenine.
APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xinxin Liu, Hong Lu, Qiansheng Li, Ze Fu, Feng Tan, Xiaolei Wang, Jiti Zhou
Summary: In this study, novel core-shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were successfully prepared for flavins. The results showed that MMIPs exhibited good adsorption capacity and catalytic performance for flavins, which can be applied to accelerate anaerobic biotransformation of refractory pollutants.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Shima Mehrvar, Soudeh Mostaghimi, Farnaz H. Foomani, Betsy Abroe, Janis T. Eells, Sandeep Gopalakrishnan, Mahsa Ranji
Summary: The study quantitatively evaluated the effect of far-red light exposure on mitochondrial bioenergetics of diabetic wounds and found that far-red light exposure improved mitochondrial function and accelerated wound healing, possibly through increasing mitochondrial RR and reducing oxidative stress.
QUANTITATIVE IMAGING IN MEDICINE AND SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ki-Hoon Park, Monika Gooz, Zhi-Wei Ye, Jie Zhang, Gyda C. Beeson, Don C. Rockey, Seok-Hyung Kim
Summary: This study reveals that ETFA haploinsufficiency leads to hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hepatic steatosis, and injury in adult zebrafish. Reduction in levels of FAD and glutathione, as well as an increase in reactive oxygen species, was observed in mutant livers. Riboflavin supplementation counteracted these effects, highlighting the role of FAD depletion in hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress-mediated liver injury.
HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sonia O. Pereira, Nuno F. Santos, Alexandre F. Carvalho, Antonio J. S. Fernandes, Florinda M. Costa
Summary: Carbon-based electrodes show great promise in biosensor development, with laser-induced graphene (LIG) emerging as a strong candidate due to its superior characteristics. This study focuses on the electrochemistry of glucose oxidase (GOx) on LIG electrodes, revealing a new redox pair related to the LIG/GOx interaction. The reaction involving two protons and two electrons is sensitive to glucose concentration, indicating electron transfer from FAD in GOx to the electrode.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Shakila Behzadifar, Morteza Hosseini, Javad Mohammadnejad, Majid Asiabanha
Summary: This report presents a new colorimetric method using silver nanoparticles to directly detect glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. The method relies on an aggregation of silver nanoparticles, leading to a change in color that allows for easy visual detection of the presence or absence of the enzyme.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tze Yan Lee, Nuratiqah Farah, Voon Kin Chin, Chee Woei Lim, Pei Pei Chong, Rusliza Basir, Wai Feng Lim, Yan Shan Loo
Summary: Riboflavin is an essential coenzyme that plays a significant role in energy metabolism and the metabolism of various nutrients. It possesses antioxidant properties and has been explored for its potential use in pharmaceutical and clinical contexts, such as preventing oxidative stress, treating colorectal cancer, and improving diabetes mellitus comorbidities.
NUTRITION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sunghark Kwon
Summary: This study analyzed the structure of FADS from the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae and predicted possible substrate-binding modes, providing a structural basis for understanding the catalytic mechanism of SpFADS and developing novel inhibitors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Annemarie Jacob, He N. Xu, Andrea L. Stout, Lin Z. Li
Summary: This study compared the ability of whole-cell and subcellular ORI indices and N:C ratio to differentiate between breast cancer subtypes and between mitotic and nonmitotic cells. The results showed that subcellular ORI analysis better distinguishes breast cancer subtypes with varying aggressiveness than N:C area ratio.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Stella Yang, Joyce Farrell, Shenglin Ye, Iram Ahmad, Tulio A. Valdez
Summary: This study aims to develop an imaging system to enhance the visibility of cholesteatoma tissue during surgery. The researchers found that cholesteatoma tissue fluoresced under 405 and 450 nm illumination, while mucosa tissue did not. A prototype fluorescence imaging system was built to accurately measure cholesteatoma tissue autofluorescence.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Seong-Min Jo, Frederik R. Wurm, Katharina Landfester
Summary: A team of researchers has developed an artificial enzyme combination that continuously converts oxygen and water into NAD(+), eliminating the need for additional organic substrates. The NAD(+) produced can be used in artificial glucose metabolism sensing and in the treatment of Methemoglobinemia by converting non-oxygen binding methemoglobin to oxygen-binding hemoglobin.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Spectroscopy
Yangzhe Zhou, Min Qi, Minghui Yang
Summary: Silicon quantum dots synthesized from 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane were used to detect lactate dehydrogenase activity through changes in fluorescence intensity. The assay showed high selectivity and linear calibration, successfully applied in analysis of LDH in human serum samples, with potential for diagnosis and prognosis in various diseases, especially melanoma.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Shouhei Takamatsu, Inyoung Lee, Jinhee Lee, Ryutaro Asano, Wakako Tsugawa, Kazunori Ikebukuro, Jeffrey E. Dick, Koji Sode
Summary: This study reports a novel sensing principle for o-serine using transient potentiometry based o-serine sensor with engineered DAAOx. The sensor showed rapid and sensitive signals, suitable for monitoring with different time resolution and concentration ranges.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Jinhee Lee, Bryant J. Kane, Mukund Khanwalker, Koji Sode
Summary: The incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is increasing yearly, highlighting the importance of timely diagnosis for improved patient outcomes. In this study, a novel system for rapid and one-step electrochemical detection of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) was developed. The system demonstrated fast detection, no need for washing steps, and wide concentration range in artificial serum samples, making it a promising candidate for on-site TBI detection.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tomohiro Murata, Kosuke Minami, Tomohiko Yamazaki, Tomomasa Sato, Hideomi Koinuma, Katsuhiko Ariga, Nobuyuki Matsuki
Summary: We have developed nanometer-flat DNA-featured solid thin films using DNA sourced from salmon sperm via laser molecular beam deposition (LMBD) under high-vacuum conditions. The LMBD-DNA thin films exhibited molecular flatness with an average surface roughness of 7.4 nm. Despite the observed fragmentation caused by the cleavage of phosphate bonds, Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensors fabricated with LMBD-DNA thin films showed superior methanol detection capability compared to sensors fabricated with spin-coated DNA thin films, suggesting a high potential for sensor applications.
BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takumi Yanase, Junko Okuda-Shimazaki, Ryutaro Asano, Kazunori Ikebukuro, Koji Sode, Wakako Tsugawa
Summary: The aim of this research is to develop a versatile method for creating a DET-type oxidoreductase complex based on the SpyCatcher/SpyTag technique. By combining SpyCatcher-fused heme c and SpyTag-fused non-DET-type oxidoreductases, DET-type oxidoreductase complexes with retained enzymatic activity and electron transfer ability to the electrode were successfully formed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Tomoaki Murakami, Toshisuke Kaku, Kaori Tsukakoshi, Susumu Iwaide, Yoshiyuki Itoh, Miki Hisada, Kohji Nomura, Rikako Kubo, Kazunori Ikebukuro, Yukiko Sassa-O'Brien, Fuyuki Kametani
Summary: This study identified a novel amyloid precursor protein, alpha-S1-casein (CASA1), in canine mammary tumor-associated amyloidosis (MTAA) and elucidated its etiology. The truncation of CASA1's N-terminal region and its excessive synthesis were found to be responsible for the amyloid formation in MTAA. These findings provide valuable insights into the understanding of related proteopathies.
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Madoka Nagata, Jinhee Lee, Taro Saito, Kazunori Ikebukuro, Koji Sode
Summary: This study presents an anti-idiotype aptamer-based electrochemical sensor for measuring the therapeutic antibody bevacizumab. The sensor was able to detect the target antibody within 30 minutes using a modified anti-idiotype bivalent aptamer. The sensor achieved detection of bevacizumab in the range of 1-100 nM without the need for free redox probes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Usharani Nagarajan, Sourov Chandra, Tomohiko Yamazaki, Naoto Shirahata, Francoise M. Winnik
Summary: Semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) have gained attention in biomedical research as versatile probes for imaging, sensing, and therapies. The interactions between proteins and QDs are crucial for their use in biological applications and are not fully understood. Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) is a promising method for analyzing these interactions. AF4 coupled with other techniques can determine the binding affinity and stoichiometry of protein-QD interactions. This study used AF4 to investigate the interaction between fetal bovine serum (FBS) and silicon quantum dots (SiQDs), providing crucial information on their size, shape, and interaction with serum components.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Inyoung Lee, Sheng Tong, Mika Hatada, Adrianna Masterson, Kentaro Hiraka, Junko Okuda-Shimazaki, Wakako Tsugawa, Gary Hughes, Koji Sode
Summary: In this study, researchers constructed a TG sensor using engineered glycerol 3-phosphate oxidase (GlpO) and electrochemical detection. By using disposable interdigitated electrode (IDE), a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for TG was achieved, with a sensitivity of 0.4 μA/mM, 2.4 times higher than that of the conventional screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE).
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
David Probst, Inyoung Lee, Jeffrey E. Dick, Koji Sode
Summary: In this study, we presented the application of a closed bipolar electrode for measuring the change in open circuit potential (OCP) of Prussian blue/white as a function of chloride ion concentration. The bipolar scheme consisted of two separate cells connected by a shared electrode, with one end sensitive to chloride ions and the other electrodeposited with Prussian blue. By monitoring the changes in the ratio of Prussian blue/Prussian white over the Prussian blue electrode, we demonstrated the capability of quantifying chloride ions independently of electrode surface area.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Febriana Catur Iswanti, Qarina Hasyala Putri, Ani Retno Prijanti, Samsuridjal Djauzi, Mohamad Sadikin, Arief Budi Witarto, Tomohiko Yamazaki
Summary: This study aimed to prepare high stability chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) and examine their ability in delivering CpG-ODN during the treatment of allergic mice model. The results showed that using chitosan nanoparticles as a delivery system for CpG ODN has the potency to safely enhance the efficacy of CpG ODN.
REPORTS OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anchu Viswan, Chiaki Yoshikawa, Ayana Yamagishi, Yuichi Furuhata, Yoshio Kato, Tomohiko Yamazaki, Chikashi Nakamura
Summary: Direct delivery of genome-editing proteins into plant tissues can produce DNA-free genome-edited crops, eliminating the need for backcrossing to remove vector-derived DNA. This study modified a microneedle array with a bioactive polymer, resulting in improved protein delivery and potential implications for the development of more effective plant genome editing techniques.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nguyen Bui Thao Le, Anh Thi Tram Tu, Dandan Zhao, Chiaki Yoshikawa, Kohsaku Kawakami, Yoshihisa Kaizuka, Tomohiko Yamazaki
Summary: This study investigated the effect of charge ratios on the characteristics and cytokine production of cationic liposome complexes. The results showed that complexes with low charge ratios induced higher levels of IL-6 and IFN-alpha simultaneously. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between cellular uptake of the complex and cytokine induction.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mengmeng Guo, Na Luo, Yueling Bai, Zhenggang Xue, Qingmin Hu, Jiaqiang Xu
Summary: A porous heterostructure WO3-C/In2O3 was designed and prepared for a miniature H2 sensor, which showed higher response value, lower operating temperature, fast response-recovery speed, and low limit of detection.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Feng Hu, Hui Hu, Yuting Li, Xiaohui Wang, Xiaowen Shi
Summary: Arsenic contamination in water bodies is a significant health risk. This study developed a chitosan-catechol modified electrode for rapid and accurate detection of trace amounts of arsenic. The modified electrode demonstrated good detection capability and resistance to ionic interference, making it suitable for in situ detection.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yantao Zhang, Qian Liu, Tao Tian, Chunhua Xu, Pengli Yang, Lianju Ma, Yi Hou, Hui Zhou, Yongjun Gan
Summary: In this study, a lysosome-targeting buffering fluorogenic probe (Lyso-BFP) was designed and synthesized, demonstrating excellent photostability, pH specificity, and responsiveness to lysosomal acidification in living cells. The performance of Lyso-BFP in pH sensing was attributed to the inhibition of the photo-induced electron transfer process. Lyso-BFP allowed for wash-free imaging and long-term real-time monitoring of lysosome pH changes based on its off-on fluorescence behavior and buffer strategy.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wei Cai, Wenbo Sun, Jiayue Wang, Xiaokui Huo, Xudong Cao, Xiangge Tian, Xiaochi Ma, Lei Feng
Summary: In this study, a near-infrared fluorescent probe HCBG was developed for imaging of alpha-GLC. HCBG exhibited excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards alpha-GLC in complex bio-samples, and showed good cell permeability for in situ real-time imaging. Through the high-throughput screening system established by HCBG, a natural alpha-GLC inhibitor was successfully isolated and identified. This study provides a novel fluorescence visualization tool for discovering and exploring the biological functions of diabetes-related gut microbiota, and a high-throughput screening approach for alpha-GLC inhibitor.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Trey W. Pittman, Xi Zhang, Chamindie Punyadeera, Charles S. Henry
Summary: Heart failure is a growing epidemic and a significant clinical and public health problem. Researchers have developed a portable and affordable diagnostic device for heart failure that can be used at the point-of-care, providing a valid alternative to current diagnostics approaches.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Anders O. Tjell, Barbara Jud, Roland Schaller-Ammann, Torsten Mayr
Summary: An optical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on catalytic degradation and the detection of produced oxygen is presented. The sensor offers higher resolution and better sensitivity at lower H2O2 concentrations. By removing O2 from the sample solution, a more sensitive O2 sensor can be used for measurement. The sensor has been successfully applied in a flow-through cell to measure H2O2 concentration in different flow rates.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Seong Jae Kim, Ji-hun Jeong, Gaabhin Ryu, Yoon Sick Eom, Sanha Kim
Summary: Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a high-sensitivity, label-free detection method with various analytical applications. Researchers have developed a hydrophobic SERS substrate based on engineered carbon nanotube arrays (CNT-SERS) and studied the role of structural design at both micro and nanoscales. The substrate demonstrated controlled self-enrichment capability and enhanced sensitivity, with a significant increase in the SERS signal. The study also proposed a theoretical model and a concentration strategy inspired by plants for analyte deposition on microarrays.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dan Zhao, Renjun Jiang, Xiaoqiang Liu, Subbiah Alwarappan
Summary: In this study, a novel ternary composite material was constructed by assembling cerium vanadate nanorods on reduced graphene oxide-microcrystalline cellulose nanosheets, and it was used for real-time monitoring of the concentration of superoxide anions in vivo. The ternary composite showed excellent conductivity, large surface area, and abundant active sites, leading to a wider linear range, high sensitivity, low detection limit, and fast response time for superoxide anion detection.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tengfei Wang, Liwen Wang, Guang Wu, Dating Tian
Summary: In this study, a covalent organic framework material TaTp-COF with porous and uniform spheres was successfully prepared via hydrothermal reaction, and it was found to significantly enhance the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of berberine. The unique emission properties of berberine on TaTp-COF were studied and utilized for the sensitive detection of berberine.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Lin Li, Yilei Ding, Lei Xu, Shuoran Chen, Guoliang Dai, Pengju Han, Lixin Lu, Changqing Ye, Yanlin Song
Summary: In this study, a novel TTI based on a ratiometric fluorescent nanosensor is designed, which has the advantages of high accuracy and low cost. Experimental and theoretical investigations confirm its pH responsiveness and demonstrate its good sensitivity and reliability. By monitoring the total volatile basic nitrogen, this TTI can accurately predict food spoilage and can be adaptively modified for different types of food. The TTI based on this nanosensor enables visual monitoring of food quality.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Fangju Chen, Xueting Wang, Wei Chen, Chenwen Shao, Yong Qian
Summary: Lung cancer is the second most common malignant tumor worldwide. Drug resistance in lung cancer leads to treatment failure and recurrence in majority of patients. This study developed a fluorescent prodrug that can be activated in cancer cells to release drugs, and its signal can be tracked by imaging. It shows a unique autophagy-driven ferroptosis effect, indicating its potential for targeting drug-resistant cancer cells.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Weichao Li, Qiming Yuan, Zhangcheng Xia, Xiaoxue Ma, Lifang He, Ling Jin, Xiangfeng Chu, Kui Zhang
Summary: This study developed a high-performance gas sensor for formaldehyde detection by modifying ZnSnO3 with ZnO QDs and SnO2 QDs. The modified sensor showed improved sensing response and lower working temperature. The presence of ZnO QDs formed rich heterojunctions, increased surface area, and provided oxygen deficiency for formaldehyde sensing reaction, thus enhancing the sensor performance. This research provides an alternative method to enhance the sensing properties of MOS by QDs modification.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Joung-Il Moon, Eun Jung Choi, Younju Joung, Jin-Woo Oh, Sang-Woo Joo, Jaebum Choo
Summary: A novel nanoplasmonic substrate was developed for biomedical applications, which showed strong hot spots for detecting biomarkers at low concentrations. The substrate, called AuNPs@M13, was made by immobilizing 60 nm gold nanoparticles onto the surface of an M13 bacteriophage scaffold. It demonstrated higher sensitivity and lower limit of detection compared to commercially available assays.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ning Li, Ya Zhang, Ying Xu, Xiaofang Liu, Jian Chen, Mei Yang, Changjun Hou, Danqun Huo
Summary: The molecular subtype of breast cancer guides treatment and drug selection. Invasive tests can promote cancer cell metastasis, so the development of high-performance, low-cost diagnostic tools for cancer prognosis is crucial. Liquid biopsy techniques enable noninvasive, real-time, dynamic, multicomponent, quantitative, and long-term observations at the cellular, genetic, and molecular levels. A Cu-Zr metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoenzyme with monatomic Cu attachment has been synthesized and proven to have high catalytic performance. The sensor constructed using this nanoenzyme shows potential for accurate classification of breast cancer serum samples.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jeongmin Kim, Hyemin Kim, Seunghyun Park, Hyeonaug Hong, Yong Jae Kim, Jiyong Lee, Jaeho Kim, Seung-Woo Cho, Wonhyoung Ryu
Summary: This study presents a method to fabricate independently functioning microneedle (MN) electrodes with narrow intervals for high precision electrochemical sensing. The optimized mixture of photocurable polymer and single-wall carbon nanotubes was used to mold single composite MNs, which were then attached to pre-patterned electrodes. Plasma etching and electropolymerization were performed to enhance the electrochemical activity, and Prussian blue and glucose oxidase were electrodeposited on the MNs for glucose detection. The MN electrodes showed good sensitivity and linearity, and the feasibility of glucose detection was demonstrated in an in vivo mouse study.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)