Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Hanif Esmail, Liana Macpherson, Anna K. Coussens, Rein M. G. J. Houben
Summary: Currently, tuberculosis management follows a binomial approach. Active disease is treated with a standard 6-month, multi-drug regimen, while latent infection without disease evidence is treated with shorter one or two drug regimens. However, there are often patients who do not fit into these categories, especially with the increasing use of chest X-ray-based systematic screening. Therefore, more clinical trials are needed to determine the optimal treatment for tuberculosis across the disease spectrum.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Annabel C. Beichman, Jacqueline Robinson, Meixi Lin, Andres Moreno-Estrada, Sergio Nigenda-Morales, Kelley Harris
Summary: This study quantifies the mutational sequence context biases across mammals by analyzing polymorphism data from multiple species and reveals that the divergence of mutation spectrum is highly correlated with genetic divergence between species. Interestingly, life history traits such as reproductive age are weak predictors of mutation spectrum divergence. Furthermore, the clock-like mutational signatures inferred from human cancers fail to explain the phylogenetic signal exhibited by the mammalian mutation spectrum, while parental aging signatures inferred from human de novo mutation data seem to explain part of the phylogenetic signal in combination with a novel mutational signature.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Oncology
M. Brahmi, T. Lesluyes, A. Dufresne, M. Toulmonde, A. Italiano, O. Mir, A. Le Cesne, T. Valentin, C. Chevreau, S. Bonvalot, N. Penel, J-M Coindre, S. Le Guellec, F. Le Loarer, M. Karanian, J-Y Blay, F. Chibon
Summary: The study analyzed the expression levels of PDGF ligands and receptors in different histological subtypes of STS patients. It found complex patterns of correlation between ligands and receptors within each histotype. High PDGFA expression was associated with higher risk of metastasis, while high PDGFD expression was associated with reduced risk of metastasis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mostafa M. H. Ellabaan, Christian Munck, Andreas Porse, Lejla Imamovic, Morten O. A. Sommer
Summary: Antibiotic resistance spreads among bacteria through horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. Researchers identified potential mobilization elements and other features associated with ARG transfer among bacterial clades, predicting the potential future dissemination of known ARGs.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Vaughan-Johnston, Faizan Imtiaz, Albert Lee, Li-Jun Ji
Summary: The studies show that business and political leaders tend to be older in Eastern cultures compared to Western cultures, with cultural tightness mediating the relationship between culture and leader age. This suggests that cultural differences play a significant role in shaping leadership demographics.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kasit Chatsirisupachai, Tom Lesluyes, Luminita Paraoan, Peter Van Loo, Joao Pedro de Magalhaes
Summary: Age is a significant risk factor for cancer, with tumors from older patients showing increased genomic instability, copy-number alterations, and mutations. This comprehensive study highlights age-related differences in genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic alterations across different cancer types, emphasizing the importance of age in cancer research and clinical practice.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sabrina D. D. Ross, Thomas Lachmann, Saskia Jaarsveld, Steffi G. G. Riedel-Heller, Francisca S. S. Rodriguez
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of age and cognitive impairment on creativity. The results showed that older individuals scored lower in certain aspects of creativity, particularly in abstract reasoning. Additionally, cognitively impaired older adults had lower scores in creativity compared to cognitively healthy older adults and younger individuals. These findings suggest that while creativity remains relatively stable in older age, abstract reasoning skills may be affected by aging.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Eloi Haltz, Joao Sampaio, Sachin Krishnia, Leo Berges, Raphael Weil, Alexandra Mougin, Andre Thiaville
Summary: This study investigates the dynamics of ferrimagnets and validates an analytical model based on two sublattices. The results demonstrate the usefulness of Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy in studying this promising class of materials.
Article
Immunology
Laura S. Peterson, Julien Hedou, Edward A. Ganio, Ina A. Stelzer, Dorien Feyaerts, Eliza Harbert, Yamini Adusumelli, Kazuo Ando, Eileen S. Tsai, Amy S. Tsai, Xiaoyuan Han, Megan Ringle, Pearl Houghteling, Jonathan D. Reiss, David B. Lewis, Virginia D. Winn, Martin S. Angst, Nima Aghaeepour, David K. Stevenson, Brice Gaudilliere
Summary: By analyzing the neonatal immune landscape across gestational age, we gained knowledge on the unique susceptibility of preterm infants to hyper-inflammatory diseases and infections. The study provided a comprehensive single-cell depiction of the neonatal immune system at birth and revealed previously unrecognized gestational age-dependent immune dynamics.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yinon M. Bar-On, Yair Goldberg, Micha Mandel, Omri Bodenheimer, Laurence Freedman, Sharon Alroy-Preis, Nachman Ash, Amit Huppert, Ron Milo
Summary: The study shows that receiving a booster dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine can significantly lower the rates of confirmed Covid-19 and severe illness, as well as reduce mortality among individuals aged 60 and above.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael Lynch, Farhan Ali, Tongtong Lin, Yaohai Wang, Jiahao Ni, Hongan Long
Summary: Thanks to advances in genome sequencing, genome stability has become a highly scrutinized cellular trait, with mutation rates varying significantly among species and within phylogenetic lineages. These variations are influenced by the effective population size and the amount of functional DNA in the genome. The drift-barrier hypothesis explains this relationship, suggesting that natural selection reduces mutation rates until further improvement is hindered by random genetic drift. The evolutionary flexibility of mutation rates has implications for resolving phylogenetic and population-genetic analyses and poses challenges for future applications in these areas.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Zhiheng Huang, Palaiahnakote Shivakumara, Maryam Asadzadeh Kaljahi, Ahlad Kumar, Umapada Pal, Tong Lu, Michael Blumenstein
Summary: This paper presents a novel model based on the Harmonic Wavelet Transform for age classification on handwritten images. By extracting phase statistics-based features and utilizing the VGG-16 model, the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of classification rate is demonstrated.
MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Economics
Gordon B. Dahl, Matthew Knepper
Summary: We conducted two complementary analyses to test whether age discrimination rises during recessions. The confidential EEOC microdata showed that age-related firing and hiring charges increased with each percentage point increase in state-industry's monthly unemployment. Additionally, analysis of hiring correspondence studies revealed that higher local unemployment rates reduced the callback rate for older women compared to younger women.
AMERICAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL-ECONOMIC POLICY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Malte Kobelt, Verena R. Sommer, Attila Keresztes, Markus Werkle-Bergner, Myriam C. Sander
Summary: The distinctiveness of neural information representation is crucial for successful memory performance, and declines with advancing age, especially at the level of item representations. Successful memory performance relies on high item stability, which is greater in younger compared to older adults.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ivona Bucan, Jelena Skunca Herman, Iris Jeroncic Tomic, Olga Gornik, Zoran Vatavuk, Kajo Bucan, Gordan Lauc, Ozren Polasek
Summary: The pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the changes in plasma and IgG-specific N-glycosylation across different stages of AMD. The analysis of 2835 subjects revealed interesting differences among the groups, suggesting that N-glycans can serve as biomarkers for AMD. The study also emphasized the need for refined phenotypes and disease severity stages in the analysis of complex diseases.