Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chian Thong Chun, Kirsty Seward, Amanda Patterson, Alice Melton, Lesley MacDonald-Wicks
Summary: Cognitive decline encompasses a wide range from non-pathological/age-related cognitive decline to pathological dementia, with early lifestyle interventions potentially delaying the pathological progression of MCI. The most frequently cited cognitive tools in the literature include the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clock Drawing Test (CDT).
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Hao Wang, Xu Liu, Lijun Song, Wenbo Yang, Mingan Li, Qian Chen, Han Lv, Pengfei Zhao, Zhenghan Yang, Wenhu Liu, Zhen-chang Wang
Summary: This study used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate cognitive decline in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and found that changes in cerebral blood flow and susceptibility might be related to this decline. The study suggests that magnetic resonance imaging parameters could serve as potential biomarkers for assessing cognitive decline in patients with CKD.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Yu-Wan Yang, Kai-Cheng Hsu, Cheng-Yu Wei, Ray-Chang Tzeng, Pai-Yi Chiu
Summary: The study operationalized the staging of cognitive impairment due to AD and non-AD using CDR-SB and an SCD questionnaire. Results showed that CDR-SB effectively discriminated between NC and SCD, SCD and MCI, and MCI and dementia. Importantly, CDR-SB was less influenced by age and education compared to other cognitive assessment tools.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Raaj S. Mehta, Bharati Kochar, Zhen Zhou, Jonathan C. Broder, Paget Chung, Keming Yang, Jessica Lockery, Michelle Fravel, Joanne Ryan, Suzanne Mahady, Suzanne G. Orchard, John J. Mcneil, Anne Murray, Robyn L. Woods, Michael E. Ernst, Andrew T. Chan
Summary: This study investigated the associations of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) use with dementia and cognitive decline. The study found that long-term use of PPI and H2RA was not associated with incident dementia, cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND), or decline in cognition over time.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Qiong Wang, Shuai Zhou, Jingya Zhang, Qing Wang, Fangfang Hou, Xiao Han, Guodong Shen, Yan Zhang
Summary: A risk assessment tool for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was developed and validated in this study, focusing on modifiable factors and risk stratification. Nine modifiable risk factors were selected and the tool's performance was verified using cross-sectional and longitudinal datasets from a Chinese elderly cohort. The tool has significant public health implications for the primary prevention of MCI in elderly individuals in China.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rebecca F. F. Townsend, Danielle Logan, Roisin F. F. O'Neill, Federica Prinelli, Jayne V. V. Woodside, Claire T. T. McEvoy
Summary: Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern may reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia, but the results are inconsistent, likely due to heterogeneity among studies. Standardization of diet exposure and cognitive outcome measurement is needed, and further research should investigate the effects of culturally appropriate dietary patterns on individual cognitive domains and incident cognitive disorders in diverse and high-risk populations.
Article
Neurosciences
Emilie M. Blair, Darin B. Zahuranec, Jane Forman, Bailey K. Reale, Kenneth M. Langa, Bruno Giordani, Angela Fagerlin, Colleen Kollman, Rachael T. Whitney, Deborah A. Levine
Summary: This study found that physicians have poor understanding of MCI, lacking the ability to distinguish between MCI and dementia, and varying in their approaches to identifying whether an older adult has MCI.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Stefania Maggi, Andrea Ticinesi, Federica Limongi, Marianna Noale, Fiona Ecarnot
Summary: The global burden of dementia is huge and expected to increase significantly in the future due to population aging. The paper highlights the importance of acting on modifiable risk factors such as nutrition in midlife to reduce dementia burden. It reviews the challenges in comparing dietary intervention studies, discusses the impact of genetics and environment on brain health, and emphasizes the largely beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet on cognition.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Angie A. Diaz Baquero, Maria Perea Bartolome, Jose Miguel Toribio-Guzman, Fernando Martinez-Abad, Esther Parra Vidales, Yolanda Bueno Aguado, Henriette G. van der Roest, Manuel A. Franco-Martin
Summary: This study aimed to identify the determinants that predicted adherence to a computerized cognitive training program in people with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia. The results showed that good executive functioning, attention, working memory, and language abilities predicted higher adherence.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jochum J. Van 't Hooft, Wiesje Pelkmans, Jori Tomassen, Cas Smits, Nienke Legdeur, Anouk Den Braber, Frederik Barkhof, Bart Van Berckel, Maqsood Yaqub, Philip Scheltens, Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg, Pieter Jelle Visser, Betty M. Tijms
Summary: Hearing loss in older adults is associated with increased dementia risk, and the underlying mechanisms connecting the two remain unclear. This study found an association between hearing loss and biomarkers for dementia risk, and the association varied between different age groups. In older adults, hearing loss was associated with a decline in memory, global cognition, and language.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Transplantation
Michael Grasing, Kevin Kenned, Mark J. Sarnak, Jeffrey M. Burns, Aditi Gupta
Summary: This study based on data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) found no clear association between mild to moderately low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and cognitive decline in older adults.
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Albert Puig-Pijoan, Joan Jimenez-Balado, Aida Fernandez-Lebrero, Greta Garcia-Escobar, Irene Navalpotro-Gomez, Jose Contador, Rosa-Maria Manero-Borras, Victor Puente-Periz, Antoni Suarez, Francisco J. Munoz, Oriol Grau-Rivera, Marc Suarez-Calvet, Rafael de la Torre, Jaume Roquer, Angel Ois
Summary: This study explored the association between blood-brain-barrier permeability (BBBp) and cognitive decline progression. The results suggested that increased BBBp may contribute to clinical worsening in individuals with cognitive decline, indicating potential targeted therapies.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Manu J. Sharma, Brandy L. Callahan
Summary: This study compared individuals with long-term stable MCI (sMCI) to those who declined over 5 to 9 years (dMCI) and found that Alzheimer's disease pathology was significantly higher in the declining group, while microinfarcts were more frequent in the stable group. These results tentatively suggest that silent small vessel disease may characterize non-worsening cognitive impairment in sMCI patients.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Thomas Guttuso, Daniel Sirica, Duygu Tosun, Robert Zivadinov, Ofer Pasternak, Daniel Weintraub, Francesca Baglio, Niels Bergsland
Summary: This study assessed the free water content changes in cognitive-relevant brain regions in early Parkinson's disease patients and their correlation with cognitive decline over time and baseline cognitive status. Results showed that free water was the most robust assessment modality for these outcomes and may assist in identifying cognition protective therapies in clinical trials.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Astrid C. van Nieuwkerk, Sarah T. Pendlebury, Peter M. Rothwell
Summary: The IQCODE has excellent accuracy in detecting preexisting dementia in TIA and stroke patients, with prominent executive dysfunction indicated by the patterns of deficits.