Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amanda Gabrielle Barros Dantas, Rafael Limongi de Souza, Anderson Rodrigues de Almeida, Francisco Humberto Xavier Junior, Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta, Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo Rego, Elquio Eleamen Oliveira
Summary: The study developed a stable carvacrol-loaded nanoemulsion (CVNE) that improved the immunomodulatory activity of carvacrol in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
Article
Immunology
Dhanasekaran Sivakumaran, Synne Jenum, Christian Ritz, Mario Vaz, Timothy Mark Doherty, Harleen M. S. Grewal
Summary: This study explored the potential of different soluble immune markers in accurately assigning household contacts of TB patients for appropriate treatment. It identified protein signatures that could distinguish between Mtb infection and Active TB with high specificity, and found that new Mtb infection induced elevated levels of soluble markers. Further validation is necessary to optimize TB case detection and treatment assignment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Takeshi Ebihara, Hisatake Matsumoto, Tsunehiro Matsubara, Yuki Togami, Shunichiro Nakao, Hiroshi Matsuura, Shinya Onishi, Takashi Kojima, Fuminori Sugihara, Daisuke Okuzaki, Haruhiko Hirata, Hitoshi Yamamura, Hiroshi Ogura
Summary: Resistin levels were elevated in COVID-19 patients and correlated with cytokines and endothelial cell adhesion molecules. Higher resistin levels were associated with worse outcome.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Luis A. A. Silva-Lagos, Janesh Pillay, Matijs van Meurs, Alexandra Smink, Peter H. J. van der Voort, Paul de Vos
Summary: COVID-19 severity is associated with cytokine storm, and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can explain some gender-, weight- and age-dependent effects.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Hanying Dai, Lu Wang, Lingyun Li, Zhong Huang, Liang Ye
Summary: MT1, an essential stress protein, plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological balance and regulating immune homeostasis. While its immunological involvement in central nervous system disorders and cancer has been extensively studied, recent evidence suggests that MT1 also has a broader impact on inflammatory diseases and immune responses. Researchers will summarize the biological features of MT1, its regulators, immunoregulatory functions on immune cells, and signaling pathways.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Patrick Howlett, Pamela Nabeta, Nestan Tukvadze, Samuel G. Schumacher, Claudia M. Denkinger
Summary: High-throughput centralized testing for tuberculosis (TB) and drug resistance is crucial, however, limited comparative data exists. This study compared the performance of Abbott RealTime MTB and RealTime MTB RIF/INH to Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Xpert MTB/RIF, with Abbott assays showing lower sensitivity for TB detection but similar performance for resistance detection. The differences in TB detection may be attributed to the use of frozen samples for Abbott testing compared to fresh samples for Xpert. Further studies in compliance with manufacturer's instructions are necessary for a fair comparison.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Smita Kulkarni, Janice J. Endsley, Zhao Lai, Todd Bradley, Riti Sharan
Summary: This review summarizes the progress made in defining the immune atlas of TB and HIV infections using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), including host-pathogen interactions, heterogeneity in HIV pathogenesis, and the animal models employed to model disease. The review also discusses the tools needed to bridge the gap between disease outcomes in single infection vs. co-infection. Furthermore, it elaborates on the translational benefits of single-cell sequencing in TB/HIV diagnosis in humans.
Article
Microbiology
Weiwei Ma, Wenwen Li, Shuang Yu, Hongsheng Bian, Yanyan Wang, Yang Jin, Zhenhua Zhang, Qing Ma, Lili Huang
Summary: This study investigates the immunomodulatory effects of complex probiotics on immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide. The results showed that the complex probiotics significantly improved immune indices, intestinal barrier, leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, splenic lymphocyte subpopulations, cytokine levels, and gut microbiota in the immunosuppressed mice. This study provides theoretical support for the immune-enhancing function of complex probiotics and their potential pharmacological development and utilization.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Felicidade Mota Pereira, Pablo Ivan Pereira Ramos, Monique Lirio, Ajax Merces Atta, Isabela Silva de Oliveira, Fabio Carneiro Vosqui Nascimento, Marcelo Costa Silva, Bernardo Galvao-Castro, Maria Fernanda Rios Grassi
Summary: Co-infection of HTLV and HCV was associated with increased IFN-gamma production, while HCV-infected individuals showed a positive correlation with both inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and IFN-gamma) and the regulatory cytokine IL-10.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Yuan Li, Xiangmei Liu, Yufeng Zheng, Yu Zhang, Zhaoyang Li, Zhenduo Cui, Hui Jiang, Shengli Zhu, Shuilin Wu
Summary: Bactericidal nanoclusters formed through self-assembly were shown to be effective in treating infectious pneumonia and enteritis. These nanoclusters, made up of cortex moutan nanoclusters, possess excellent antibacterial, antiviral, and immune regulation activity. They have enhanced tissue and mucus permeability ability compared with natural counterparts.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Rajdeep Roy, Tanmoy Das, Nabendu Biswas
Summary: Innate lymphoid cell subtype 2 has been recognized as an important player in type 2 inflammatory responses in various human malignancies. Activation of ILC-2 is crucial for the downstream functioning of this cell subtype, which involves complex interactions with other immune cells. The dual role of ILC-2 in cancer immunity suggests it can be a potential therapeutic target.
INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Junxiao Cong, Dandan Wu, Hanying Dai, Yanmei Ma, Chenghui Liao, Lingyun Li, Liang Ye, Zhong Huang
Summary: This study investigates the role of gut microbiota in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its interaction with IL-37, a natural anti-inflammatory cytokine. It was found that IL-37 exacerbates colitis in mice with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, while it protects against colitis in mice with a normal gut microbiota.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Bruna Roberta Oliveira Neves, Sumara de Freitas, Primavera Borelli, Marcelo Macedo Rogero, Ricardo Ambrosio Fock
Summary: This study investigated the effects of delphinidin on the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The results showed that delphinidin can increase the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by MSCs and reduce the expression of NF-[Kb].
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Baojun Yang, Tanmoy Mukherjee, Rajesh Radhakrishnan, Padmaja Paidipally, Danish Ansari, Sahana John, Ramakrishna Vankayalapati, Deepak Tripathi, Guohua Yi
Summary: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has latently infected over two billion people worldwide (LTBI) and caused approximately 1.6 million deaths in 2021. Co-infection of Mtb and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) significantly increases the risk of developing active tuberculosis. This study investigates how HIV dysregulates immune responses in LTBI+ individuals and reveals that HIV infection enhances plasma levels of N-acetyl-L-alanine (ALA), inhibiting NK-cell-mediated immune responses to Mtb infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Pietro Ghezzi, Giamila Fantuzzi, Charles A. A. Dinarello
Summary: This Perspective highlights the work of Dr. Daniela Novick on cytokine biology, specifically her identification of soluble receptors and binding proteins for various cytokines using affinity chromatography. Her findings have been crucial in the development of monoclonal antibodies against interferons and cytokines. The Perspective also discusses her recent review on this topic.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Marilena P. Etna, Martina Severa, Valerio Licursi, Manuela Pardini, Melania Cruciani, Fabiana Rizzo, Elena Giacomini, Gianfranco Macchia, Orazio Palumbo, Raffaella Stallone, Massimo Carella, Mark Livingstone, Rodolfo Negri, Sandra Pellegrini, Eliana M. Coccia
Summary: Rapamycin, an autophagy inducer and protein synthesis inhibitor, promotes a Th1 response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected DCs by modulating the expression of various genes involved in cytokine production and immune response pathways. The study also highlights the role of GSK-3 beta as a molecular switch in regulating the cytokine balance in Mtb-infected DCs, suggesting rapamycin and GSK-3 beta modulators as potential compounds for host-directed therapy against Mtb infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniela Ricci, Marilena Paola Etna, Fabiana Rizzo, Silvia Sandini, Martina Severa, Eliana Marina Coccia
Summary: The vulnerability and unpredictability of humankind to SARS-CoV-2, coupled with its high transmissibility and tissue tropism, pose a major challenge in perpetuating the COVID-19 pandemic. However, researchers have the unique opportunity to study the immune response and its impact on disease severity, highlighting the role of innate immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines in shaping the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Martina Severa, Roberta A. Diotti, Marilena P. Etna, Fabiana Rizzo, Stefano Fiore, Daniela Ricci, Marco Iannetta, Alessandro Sinigaglia, Alessandra Lodi, Nicasio Mancini, Elena Criscuolo, Massimo Clementi, Massimo Andreoni, Stefano Balducci, Luisa Barzon, Paola Stefanelli, Nicola Clementi, Eliana M. Coccia
Summary: The study highlights the crucial role of pDC/type I IFN axis in defending against SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 patients, suggesting that a deeper understanding may aid in the development of new drug strategies and host-directed therapies. Moreover, the findings indicate that critically ill patients exhibit impaired type I IFN response and high levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, leading to multi-organ failure.
Article
Immunology
Aurora Signorazzi, Jeroen L. A. Pennings, Marilena P. Etna, Malou Noya, Eliana M. Coccia, Anke Huckriede
Summary: The study found that both inactivated and live tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) significantly induced an interferon-dominated gene signature and increased RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) expression in vitro. Inhibition of the RLR pathway suppressed the downstream cascade induced by inactivated TBEV, while responses to live replicating virus were impacted by inhibition of RIG-I-like, as well as Toll-like, receptors. This suggests that RLRs are the main pattern recognition receptors involved in sensing inactivated TBEV.
Article
Immunology
Alessandra Zevini, Enrico Palermo, Daniele Di Carlo, Magdalini Alexandridi, Serena Rinaldo, Alessio Paone, Francesca Cutruzzola, Marilena P. Etna, Eliana M. Coccia, David Olagnier, John Hiscott
Summary: Dendritic cells play a crucial role in adaptive immune responses. This study reveals that activation of the RIG-I pathway induces metabolic reprogramming in dendritic cells, including increased glycolysis. Inhibition of glycolysis impairs the antiviral activity of dendritic cells and enhances viral replication. These findings highlight the importance of metabolic changes in dendritic cell activation and their impact on antiviral defense.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Martina Severa, Fabiana Rizzo, Alessandro Sinigaglia, Daniela Ricci, Marilena Paola Etna, Gaia Cola, Doriana Landi, Maria Chiara Buscarinu, Catia Valdarchi, Giovanni Ristori, Silvia Riccetti, Chiara Piubelli, Pierangela Palmerini, Antonio Rosato, Federico Gobbi, Stefano Balducci, Girolama Alessandra Marfia, Marco Salvetti, Luisa Barzon, Eliana Marina Coccia
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of mRNA vaccines on immune responses in immunocompetent individuals and people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), and to explore the correlation between vaccine-induced immune responses and protective humoral responses. The study found that the early immune response module induced by mRNA vaccines was strongly correlated with the magnitude of immune responses, and this module was affected by certain treatment drugs. The results suggest that vaccine-induced early immune regulation may be mediated by interferon signaling and may indicate vaccine-induced protective immunity.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Doriana Landi, Martina Severa, Alfonso Grimaldi, Gaia Cola, Giovanni Di Mauro, Giorgia Mataluni, Carolina Gabri Nicoletti, Fabiana Rizzo, Daniela Ricci, Eliana Marina Coccia, Alessandra Girolama Marfia
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
D. Landi, M. Severa, G. Cola, F. Rizzo, D. Ricci, C. G. Nicoletti, G. Mataluni, E. M. Coccia, G. A. Marfia
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Aurora Signorazzi, Marilena Etna, Eliana Coccia, Anke Huckriede
Summary: This study explores suitable cellular platforms for batch-to-batch evaluation of the TBE vaccine, finding that the expression of interferon-stimulated genes differed in response to non-adjuvanted vaccine batches of different quality in certain human cell systems. These results indicate potential biomarkers and platforms for a cell-based assay that could reduce and eventually replace in vivo methods for potency testing.
ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION
(2021)
