Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
MacLean C. Sellars, Catherine J. Wu, Edward F. Fritsch
Summary: This article reviews the immunologic concepts of cancer vaccines and highlights the challenges they face. Recent technological advances provide new opportunities for studying cancer vaccines, such as neoantigen prediction and genetically engineered models.
Article
Oncology
Stephen T. Ferris, Ray A. Ohara, Feiya Ou, Renee Wu, Xiao Huang, Sunkyung Kim, Jing Chen, Tian-Tian Liu, Robert D. Schreiber, Theresa L. Murphy, Kenneth M. Murphy
Summary: It has been found that dendritic cells (DC) do not directly activate tumor-specific T cells, but induce anti-tumor immune responses by transferring their antigens to host DCs. Type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1) are more effective than GMDC as cancer vaccines. Vaccination with cDC1 can activate tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and lead to tumor rejection.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Carmen Aguilar-Gurrieri, Ana Barajas, Carla Rovirosa, Raquel Ortiz, Victor Urrea, Nuria de la Iglesia, Bonaventura Clotet, Julia Blanco, Jorge Carrillo
Summary: Neoantigens are tumor-specific antigens that can elicit a specific immune response. They have potential for the development of personalized cancer vaccines. The presentation of neoantigens to T cells is influenced by vaccine delivery strategies, including the use of specific linkers. The efficiency of neoantigen processing and presentation by MHC-I molecules can be improved with alanine-based linkers.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Alexander J. Stephens, Nicola A. Burgess-Brown, Shisong Jiang
Summary: Peptide-based cancer vaccines rely on strong activation of adaptive immune response but have not yet proven to be effective in clinical settings. To overcome limitations, vaccine designs are becoming more personalized and combined with existing cancer treatments.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jie Zhang, Biao Fan, Guoliang Cao, Wenping Huang, Fuhao Jia, Guangjun Nie, Hai Wang
Summary: This study developed a personalized DC-mimicking nanovaccine for stimulating TAAs-specific T cell populations. By inducing BMDCs maturation and delivering TAAs through nanostructures, the nanoDCs efficiently generated potent antigen-specific T cell responses, leading to inhibition of tumor growth and metastases formation.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Noemi Anna Nagy, Aram M. de Haas, Teunis B. H. Geijtenbeek, Ronald van Ree, Sander W. Tas, Yvette van Kooyk, Esther C. de Jong
Summary: Researchers are exploring nanoparticle-based approaches to target DCs for inducing immune activation or tolerance, avoiding the costly and cumbersome process of ex vivo cell differentiation. Various nanoparticles and adjuvants are being developed for therapeutic vaccine platforms to enhance anti-tumor immunity or create tolerogenic DCs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Mirela Kremenovic, Alfred A. Chan, Bing Feng, Lukas Baeriswyl, Steve Robatel, Thomas Gruber, Li Tang, Delphine J. Lee, Mirjam Schenk
Summary: In this study, a novel BCG lysate was developed and formulated into a thermosensitive hydrogel. The BCG lysate exhibited enhanced antitumor efficacy and promoted a proinflammatory tumor microenvironment in vivo. The underlying mechanisms of BCG lysate-mediated tumor immunity relied on macrophages (M phi) and dendritic cells (DCs). The BCG hydrogel treatment induced systemic immunity, suppressed lung metastases, and improved survival in melanoma-bearing mice. Furthermore, BCG hydrogel treatment enhanced antigen processing and presentation, and increased the frequency of melanoma-reactive CD8(+) T cells. In human melanoma patients, intralesional-BCG treatment was associated with enhanced M1 M phi, mature DCs, antigen processing and presentation, and increased patient survival.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Mark Aleynick, Judit Svensson-Arvelund, Gvantsa Pantsulaia, Kristy Kim, Samuel A. Rose, Ranjan Upadhyay, Michael Yellin, Henry Marsh, Daniel Oreper, Suchit Jhunjhunwala, Christine Carine Moussion, Miriam Merad, Brian D. Brown, Joshua D. Brody
Summary: This study found that viral or bacterial components in pathogen vaccines can effectively activate and recruit tumor antigen-reactive dendritic cells, promoting cross-priming of antigen-specific T cells. Combining multiple pathogen vaccine components can further enhance T cell cross-priming and improve anti-tumor effects.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Ivan Y. Filin, Kristina V. Kitaeva, Catrin S. Rutland, Albert A. Rizvanov, Valeriya V. Solovyeva
Summary: The development of immunotherapeutic methods for oncological diseases has improved the effectiveness of standard therapies, with dendritic cell vaccines showing promise in expanding treatment options and improving indicators for cancer patients in clinical trials.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jiri Brezina, Matous Voboril, Dominik Filipp
Summary: The evolution of the adaptive immune system leads to the generation of self-reactive clones, which must be eliminated to prevent autoimmunity. This process occurs in the thymic medulla, where the interaction between T cell receptor and self-peptide MHC complexes determines the fate of thymocytes. Thymic antigen presenting cells, including medullary thymic epithelial cells and dendritic cells, play a fundamental role in presenting self-antigens in the thymus for the establishment of T cell central tolerance. Recent studies have revealed the heterogeneity of these cell subsets and their roles in T cell selection processes, adding complexity to our understanding. Identification of molecular determinants controlling the presentation of self-antigens would advance our knowledge in this area.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Caiyun Liu, Jie Zhu, Yan Mi, Tao Jin
Summary: Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and can be significantly affected by current disease-modifying therapies (DMT). The induction of tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) has shown therapeutic potential in laboratory models and early clinical trials. Targeting specific cell-surface receptors to induce tolDCs in vivo has greater promise and advantages compared to in vitro induction.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Yue Liu, Joanna Pagacz, Donald J. Wolfgeher, Kenneth D. Bromerg, Jacob Gorman, Stephen J. Kron
Summary: Antigen presentation may be the limiting factor in the low immune response to radiation therapy, and combining immune checkpoint blockade does not restore cytotoxic T lymphocytes function. Therapeutic vaccines based on senescent tumor cells or SnC-activated dendritic cells have the potential to enhance immune therapies and limit recurrence or metastasis.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Takumi Kawasaki, Moe Ikegawa, Taro Kawai
Summary: The lungs have an immune defense mechanism that uses various cells to eliminate harmful pathogens and activate T cell immune response. In addition to immune cells, other lung cells also participate in antigen presentation and T cell activation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Farhan Ullah Khan, Puregmaa Khongorzul, Ahmed Aziz Raki, Ashwini Rajasekaran, Denis Gris, Abdelaziz Amrani
Summary: Type 1 diabetes is caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells mediated by T cells. Dendritic cells play a crucial role in the initiation and development of this disease by presenting antigens to activate and regulate the immune response. Recent advancements in understanding dendritic cell function and regulation have led to the development of potential therapeutic strategies for treating type 1 diabetes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Xi Zhang, Tianhui He, Yuan Li, Ling Chen, Hongyu Liu, Yu Wu, Hongyan Guo
Summary: Ovarian cancer is characterized by uncertain presentation and poor outcomes, with surgery and chemotherapy being the current basis of treatment. However, there are limitations due to advanced stage at diagnosis and high recurrence rate. The use of anti-VEGF agents, PARP inhibitors, and immunotherapies are being explored to enhance treatment outcomes, but the population that can benefit from these treatments remains limited.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)