Article
Microbiology
Jing Lu, Alexander Drobyshevsky, Lei Lu, Yueyue Yu, Michael S. Caplan, Erika C. Claud
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a major cause of gastrointestinal disease in premature infants and poses a significant risk for neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). This study found that abnormal bacterial colonization in preterm infants contributes to the development of NEC and negatively affects brain development and neurological outcomes. Using a mouse model, the researchers observed decreased occludin and ZO-1 expression, increased inflammation, impaired behavioral performance, delayed brain maturation, and altered metabolic profiles in mice with NEC, indicating the negative impacts of pre-NEC microbiota on brain development and neurological outcomes.
Article
Microbiology
Ines Barreiros-Mota, Joao R. Araujo, Claudia Marques, Laura Sousa, Juliana Morais, Ines Castela, Ana Faria, Maria Teresa Neto, Goncalo Cordeiro-Ferreira, Daniel Virella, Ana Pita, Luis Pereira-da-Silva, Conceicao Calhau
Summary: This study examined changes in gut microbiota in infants undergoing intestinal surgery. The results showed that three weeks after surgery, there were positive changes in gut microbiota profile, including an increase in total bacteria number, a decrease in Staphylococcus and Candida spp., and an increase in Lactobacillus. Increased alpha diversity and significant alterations in beta diversity were also observed. The study also found a correlation between necrotizing enterocolitis and higher Staphylococcus abundance and higher alpha diversity.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anders Brunse, Simone Margaard Offersen, Josefine Juliane Mosegaard, Ling Deng, Peter Damborg, Dennis Sandris Nielsen, Per Torp Sangild, Thomas Thymann, Duc Ninh Nguyen
Summary: In this study using preterm piglets, it was found that there is an antagonistic relationship between enteral antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis, with minor effects on gut microbiota composition and immune responses.
Article
Immunology
Xiao-Lin Yan, Xiao-Chen Liu, Yu-Ni Zhang, Ting-Ting Du, Qing Ai, Xiong Gao, Jing-Li Yang, Lei Bao, Lu-Quan Li
Summary: This study found that succinate plays an important role in the pathogenesis and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis, and the activation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway may lead to disease progression.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Amin Abbasi, Zahra Ghasempour, Sahar Sabahi, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Paniz Hasannezhad, Yalda Rahbar Saadat, Nayyer Shahbazi
Summary: Probiotics have proven health-promoting effects in gastrointestinal diseases, but safety concerns remain. Postbiotics, as a potential alternative with fewer side effects, may serve as promising tools in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Further trials are needed to determine appropriate strains, optimal dosages, and cost-effectiveness compared to alternative drugs.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Ramaa Chitale, Kacey Ferguson, Megan Talej, Wen-Chien Yang, Siran He, Karen M. Edmond, Emily R. Smith
Summary: Early enteral feeding within 72 hours after birth is likely to reduce mortality and length of hospital stay in preterm and low birth weight infants, and may also decrease the risk of sepsis and weight at discharge. However, its effect on other outcomes such as necrotizing enterocolitis is uncertain.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Silvia Martini, Mariarosaria Annunziata, Anna Nunzia Della Gatta, Arianna Aceti, Marica Brunetti, Gianluigi Pilu, Giuliana Simonazzi, Luigi Corvaglia
Summary: Antenatal Doppler abnormalities are associated with increased gastrointestinal risks in preterm infants. Detailed knowledge of Doppler features can help identify patients at highest risk of intestinal complications, who may benefit from tailored enteral feeding management.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Erin E. Morris, Neely C. Miller, Nicholas A. Marka, Jennifer L. Super, Emily M. Nagel, Juan David Gonzalez, Ellen W. Demerath, Sara E. Ramel
Summary: Retrospective studies show that parenteral nutrition during the first week after birth, providing calories, proteins, and lipids, is associated with improved neurodevelopment. However, an enhanced parenteral nutrition protocol in the early stage did not lead to improved neurodevelopmental outcomes. Instead, higher enteral caloric and protein intake in the first week after birth were associated with improved processing speed.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ilse H. de Lange, Charlotte van Gorp, Laurens D. Eeftinck Schattenkerk, Wim G. van Gemert, Joep P. M. Derikx, Tim G. A. M. Wolfs
Summary: This article summarizes the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), highlighting the immaturity of the intestinal immune system in preterm infants and abnormal microbial colonization as key factors. Enteral feeding is considered an important factor influencing NEC pathogenesis, with bioactive components in breast milk being effective in preventing NEC.
Review
Pediatrics
Alain Cuna, Venkatesh Sampath, Minesh Khashu
Summary: NEC is a serious disease affecting premature infants, with varying rates and outcomes among different racial and ethnic groups. Research on racial disparities in NEC is limited and suggests that Hispanic ethnicity and non-Hispanic Black race may be associated with higher risk. Further studies are needed to fully understand the complex interactions between social and biological factors contributing to these disparities.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Adam Wilson, Brett Bogie, Hala Chaaban, Kathryn Burge
Summary: The intestinal microbiome is implicated in NEC pathogenesis, but research has mainly focused on bacteria and ignored other microorganisms such as fungi and viruses. The role of fungi and viruses in preterm intestinal development and NEC pathogenesis is not well understood. Host and environmental factors, interkingdom interactions, and human milk also influence the abundance, diversity, and function of fungal and viral microbes in the preterm intestinal ecosystem.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ameer Al-Hadidi, Jason Navarro, Steven D. Goodman, Michael T. Bailey, Gail E. Besner
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease mainly found in premature infants, associated with gastrointestinal dysbiosis. Probiotics have been proposed as a new avenue for therapy, with a novel enterally delivered formulation showing promise in experimental models of NEC.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Murat Cetinbas, Julie Thai, Evgenia Filatava, Katherine E. Gregory, Ruslan I. Sadreyev
Summary: The use of antibiotics has a lasting impact on the acquisition of the microbiome in preterm infants, affecting the content, diversity, and temporal stability. Dysbiosis and fluctuations in the microbiome persist even after antibiotic exposure, with a few common bacteria dominating the microbiome diversity.
Article
Microbiology
Chiara Tarracchini, Christian Milani, Giulia Longhi, Federico Fontana, Leonardo Mancabelli, Roberta Pintus, Gabriele Andrea Lugli, Giulia Alessandri, Rosaria Anzalone, Alice Viappiani, Francesca Turroni, Michele Mussap, Angelica Dessi, Flaminia Cesare Marincola, Antonio Noto, Anna De Magistris, Marine Vincent, Sergio Bernasconi, Jean-Charles Picaud, Vassilios Fanos, Marco Ventura
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease that predominantly affects premature infants, with intestinal dysbiosis and an overgrowth of opportunistic microbial species being linked to NEC development. Clostridium neonatale and Clostridium perfringens are potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of NEC, while DL-lactate accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract may serve as a novel functional biomarker for NEC onset.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Yun Chao Lin, Ansaf Salleb-Aouissi, Thomas A. Hooven
Summary: In this report, a novel machine learning application for generating dynamic, individualized NEC risk scores based on intestinal microbiota data is described. The system showed early and accurate NEC prediction with high sensitivity and specificity when tested on two independent cohorts.
BMC BIOINFORMATICS
(2022)
