Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hosni M. Hassan
Summary: This commentary discusses the origin of the concept of using redox cycling compounds to generate partially reduced oxygen species to cause oxidative stress. It describes how this finding revolutionized the field of oxygen free radicals and oxidative stress and its continued relevance and impact in the field.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Namrata Singh, G. R. Sherin, Govindasamy Mugesh
Summary: Nanozymes, nanomaterials with enzyme-mimicking activity, have attracted significant interest in biomedical applications, particularly in oxidative stress-mediated disorders. The challenge lies in designing nanozymes that can selectively differentiate between physiological oxidative stress and pathological oxidative stress and mediate appropriate redox reactions in cells, tissues, and organs. This review summarizes the advancements in redox-active nanozymes and their therapeutic significance in various disease models, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular diseases. It also discusses the future prospects and challenges associated with the biomedical applications of nanozymes.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jonghak Kim, Jeongin Lee, Jinhyeon Jeong, Chihyun Hwang, Hyun-Kon Song
Summary: Quinones with a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure have been used as redox mediators in electrochemistry. Tuning the isomeric configuration of the carbonyl groups of the substituted quinone can change its reduction potentials and facilitate superoxide disproportionation reactions, improving the cycling durability of lithium-oxygen batteries. The ortho isomer of 2,5-Ditert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone shows electrocatalytic functionality for promoting superoxide disproportionation reaction and oxygen reduction reaction in lithium-oxygen batteries.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jonghak Kim, Gwan Yeong Jung, Chihyun Hwang, Jinhyeon Jeong, Kyungeun Baek, Jeongin Lee, Seok Ju Kang, Sang Kyu Kwak, Hyun-Kon Song
Summary: TEMPO-COOH acts as a bifunctional mobile catalyst to improve the performance of aprotic lithium-oxygen batteries by reducing side reactions during discharge and decreasing overpotential during charge, leading to a significant increase in cycle life and discharge capacity.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Taylor Landry, Hu Huang
Summary: Recent evidence suggests a strong association between metabolism and adult hippocampal neurogenesis, crucial for cognitive function. Interventions promoting energy balance have shown promising potential in enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Sebastian Dohm-Hansen, Francisco Donoso, Paul J. Lucassen, Gerard Clarke, Yvonne M. Nolan
Summary: This article discusses the potential role of the gut microbiome in connecting the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and hippocampal neurogenesis. Mechanisms associated with neuronal excitability, neuroinflammation, and gut microbial metabolites are highlighted as potential links between the gut microbiota and TLE.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gabriel Berdugo-Vega, Shonali Dhingra, Federico Calegari
Summary: This article reviews a wealth of research in cellular, anatomical, behavioral, and computational studies on the mammalian hippocampus, aiming to understand the fundamental mechanisms underlying cognition. Despite accumulating knowledge on how the hippocampus processes and stores information for learning and memory, our understanding of hippocampal cognitive function remains incomplete. The article discusses the structural separability of the two blades of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and proposes a model that suggests differences in connectivity and adult neurogenesis in the two blades may contribute to subtly different cognitive functions.
Review
Neurosciences
Jesse D. Cushman, Michael R. Drew, Franklin B. Krasne
Summary: The primary function of juvenile and adult hippocampal neurogenesis appears to be allowing behavioral experience to shape connectivity in the dentate gyrus and optimize hippocampal circuits for future learning. This environmental sculpting reduces overlap among memory representations, provides more information, and allows for more memories to be stored accurately. The decline of neurogenesis prior to adulthood may be explained by this prospective function of sculpting hippocampal circuits.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Carmina Pau, Arduino Aleksander Mangoni, Elisabetta Zinellu, Gianfranco Pintus, Ciriaco Carru, Alessandro Giuseppe Fois, Pietro Pirina, Angelo Zinellu
Summary: The study found that whole blood SOD concentrations were significantly lower in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea, while serum/plasma SOD concentrations did not show a significant difference. This suggests an impaired antioxidant defence in OSA patients.
Article
Neurosciences
Marie Lods, Pierre Mortessagne, Emilie Pacary, Geoffrey Terral, Fanny Farrugia, Wilfrid Mazier, Nuria Masachs, Vanessa Charrier, Daniela Cota, Guillaume Ferreira, Djoher Nora Abrous, Sophie Tronel
Summary: Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus plays a crucial role in memory processes, but its direct impact on memory performance remains uncertain. This study developed a chemogenetic method to selectively activate specific populations of adult-born neurons, and demonstrated that this activation can improve the accuracy and strength of remote memory in rats. These findings suggest that stimulating adult-born neuron activity may counteract the natural decline of memory traces over time, offering new potential for treating memory problems.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Artur Palasz, Aleksandra Suszka-Switek, Jacek Francikowski, Marek Krzystanek, Katarzyna Bogus, Jakub Skalbania, John J. Worthington, Inga Mrzyk
Summary: The study showed a significant increase in draxin immunoexpression in the adult rat hippocampus following long-term olanzapine administration, potentially supporting the hypothesis that olanzapine may drive adult neurogenesis via paracrine draxin-related signaling. This indicates the need for further molecular studies to fully investigate these potential novel mechanisms of neurogenesis.
Article
Neurosciences
Elena P. Moreno-Jimenez, Julia Terreros-Roncal, Miguel Flor-Garcia, Alberto Rabano, Maria Llorens-Martin
Summary: The rodent hippocampus generates new neurons throughout life, but direct evidence of adult neurogenesis in humans remains elusive. Research indicates that adult hippocampal neurogenesis may persist until the 10th decade of human life, with marked impairments in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Methodological aspects in processing and analyzing postmortem human brain samples may limit the detection of markers of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, highlighting the need for strict controls in human studies.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mingxiao Wei, Shufang Feng, Lin Zhang, Chen Wang, Shasha Chu, Tianyao Shi, Wenxia Zhou, Yongxiang Zhang
Summary: The study showed that LW-AFC, extracted from traditional Chinese medicine, can improve cognitive and emotional dysfunctions in mice receiving cranial irradiation by promoting neurogenesis and improving the neurogenic microenvironment.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kornrawee Suwannakot, Nataya Sritawan, Ram Prajit, Anusara Aranarochana, Apiwat Sirichoat, Wanassanun Pannangrong, Peter Wigmore, Jariya Umka Welbat
Summary: Melatonin has neuroprotective effects against 5-FU-induced oxidative stress by restoring antioxidant enzyme levels and protein expression in the rat hippocampus and PFC.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Zocher, Rupert W. Overall, Gabriel Berdugo-Vega, Nicole Rund, Anne Karasinsky, Vijay S. Adusumilli, Christina Steinhauer, Sina Scheibenstock, Kristian Handler, Joachim L. Schultze, Federico Calegari, Gerd Kempermann
Summary: Newborn DNA methylation during adult neurogenesis is crucial for the maturation and integration of functional neurons in the hippocampus, facilitating transcriptional up-regulation of neuronal genes and affecting activation patterns in the hippocampal circuitry.
Review
Cell Biology
Alyssa Kearly, Andrew D. L. Nelson, Aleksandra Skirycz, Monika Chodasiewicz
Summary: Stress Granules (SGs) and Processing-bodies (P-bodies) are important biomolecular condensates that play crucial roles in maintaining mRNA balance and regulating stress responses. They are composed of proteins and RNAs involved in translation, protein folding, and energy metabolism.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
P. Lemonnier, T. Lawson
Summary: Stomatal conductance plays a crucial role in determining CO2 uptake and water loss in plants, affecting overall water status and productivity. However, the signals coordinating mesophyll demands for CO2, the role of chloroplasts in stomatal function, and other GC metabolic processes in stomatal function remain poorly understood.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Matteo Gionfriddo, Timothy Rhodes, Spencer M. Whitney
Summary: Rubisco is a key enzyme that facilitates the entry of CO2 into the biosphere, but its catalytic properties are slow and error-prone. More effective Rubisco variants have been discovered in certain algae, offering the potential to significantly improve crop productivity. However, incompatibilities in protein folding have hindered the transplantation of these variants into plants. Directed evolution is now being explored to enhance Rubisco catalysis.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Vittoria Clapero, Stephanie Arrivault, Mark Stitt
Summary: The Calvin-Benson cycle has undergone massive selection and co-evolution with carbon-concentrating mechanisms due to changing environmental factors. Metabolite profiling reveals species-specific variations in the operation of the cycle, indicating the influence of different modes of photosynthesis. Connectivity analysis identifies constraints and driving factors for cross-species diversity in the cycle.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Sukhbir Kaur, David D. Roberts
Summary: Thrombospondin-1 modulates cell behavior by interacting with components of the extracellular matrix and cell surface receptors. Its release and expression are influenced by injuries and various diseases, while its sustained presence in the extracellular space is regulated by receptor-mediated clearance. Thrombospondin-1 plays important roles in immune responses.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Richard P. Tucker, Josephine C. Adams
Summary: Thrombospondins (TSPs) play diverse roles in animals and have been found to belong to a superfamily that includes different subgroups such as mega-TSPs, sushi-TSPs, and poriferan-TSPs. Invertebrates encode a greater diversity of TSP superfamily members than vertebrates.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
James Petrik, Sylvia Lauks, Bianca Garlisi, Jack Lawler
Summary: Many cancers start with a small nest of transformed cells that can remain dormant. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) initially promotes dormancy by suppressing angiogenesis, but over time, factors promoting angiogenesis become dominant and recruit various cells to form a complex tumor microenvironment. TSPs play a role in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells in the tumor microenvironment, as well as influencing the immune characteristics and phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Hana Fakim, Christine Vande Velde
Summary: There has been increasing attention to the role of phase-separated biomolecular condensates, specifically stress granules, in neurodegenerative diseases like ALS. ALS-associated mutations in genes involved in stress granule assembly have been found, and stress granule proteins have been detected in pathological inclusions in ALS patient neurons. However, protein components of stress granules are also present in other physiological biomolecular condensates, which have not been adequately discussed in relation to ALS. This review explores the functions of TDP-43 and FUS in physiological condensates occurring in the nucleus and neurites beyond stress granules, and discusses the impact of ALS-linked mutations on their ability to phase separate and perform their functions in stress-independent biomolecular condensates.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Alexander Lin, Yogambha Ramaswamy, Ashish Misra
Summary: Smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages in blood vessels display remarkable heterogeneity, and their developmental origins may influence their plasticity. Unbiased single cell whole transcriptome analysis techniques are revolutionizing the understanding of cellular diversity and plasticity, providing insights for therapeutic research.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Elton P. Hudson
Summary: The Calvin Benson cycle plays a crucial role in the ecological and biotechnological aspects of bacteria. Recent studies have shed light on the regulation of this cycle in bacteria, with post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation being important in phototrophic bacteria, and transcriptional regulation being prominent in chemolithoautotrophic bacteria. Understanding the regulation of the Calvin Benson cycle has implications for enhancing CO2 fixation and improving the synthesis of desired products. Non-canonical cycles may offer potential benefits for industrial applications.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Xin-Guang Zhu, Haim Treves, Honglong Zhao
Summary: This paper discusses the major regulatory mechanisms over the Calvin Benson Cycle (CBC) that maintain homeostasis of metabolite levels. These mechanisms include redox regulation of enzymes, metabolite regulations (especially allosteric regulations), and balanced activities of enzymes. These regulatory mechanisms are crucial for maintaining high flux and photosynthetic efficiency in CBC.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Hunter C. Herriage, Yi-Ting Huang, Brian R. Calvi
Summary: Apoptosis prevents the inappropriate acquisition of extra copies of the genome, known as polyploidy, but the polyploid state can suppress apoptosis. The mechanisms linking apoptosis and polyploid cell cycles are still largely unknown, and studying the regulation of apoptosis in development and cancer could lead to more effective therapies.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Daniel Campbell, Steven Zuryn
Summary: Mitochondrial dynamics play a crucial role in regulating cellular and organismal homeostasis, impacting various aspects of an organism's healthspan. By studying the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a comprehensive understanding of the impact of mitochondrial dynamics on homeostasis over a lifetime can be obtained.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Diba Borgmann, Henning Fenselau
Summary: Maintaining blood glucose at an appropriate physiological level requires coordination of multiple organs and tissues, with the vagus nerve playing a key role in central control. Recent studies have revealed the cellular identity, neuroanatomical organization, and functional contributions of vagal neurons in the regulation of systemic glucose metabolism. These findings provide new insights into the precise roles of vagal neurons in coordinating glucose levels and offer potential avenues for treating glucose metabolism disorders.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Tatiana C. Coverdell, Stephen B. G. Abbott, John N. Campbell
Summary: In this article, we review how genetic technology and single-cell genomics are revealing the organizational principles of the efferent vagus in unprecedented detail.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)