Article
Entomology
Bo Qin, Shichao Yu, Qiming Chen, Li Hua Jin
Summary: Autophagy is an essential cellular process that regulates development and stress responses. However, its role in innate immunity is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that Atg2, an autophagy-related protein, plays an important role in controlling innate immunity in Drosophila melanogaster. Inhibiting Atg2 led to the formation of melanotic nodules, disrupted phagocytosis, altered the expression of AMP-encoding genes, and impaired the ability to resist bacterial infections.
Article
Biology
May A. Alsayb, Ali Dakhilallah D. Alsamiri, Hatem Q. Makhdoom, Turki Alwasaidi, Haitham Mohammed Osman, Waleed H. Mahallawi
Summary: The study explored the adaptive immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in recovered COVID-19 patients, finding significantly increased levels of CD4' T cells in those with mild and moderate symptoms. Anti-S IgG antibody production against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was observed in all recovered patients regardless of clinical presentation, with detectable levels up to 90 days post-infection. Further analysis is needed to understand the relationship between different clinical presentations and lymphocyte activation and function.
SAUDI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ewa Kwiatkowska, Krzysztof Safranow, Iwona Wojciechowska-Koszko, Paulina Roszkowska, Violetta Dziedziejko, Marek Myslak, Jacek Rozanski, Kazimierz Ciechanowski, Tomasz Stompor, Jaroslaw Przybycinski, Piotr Wisniewski, Norbert Kwella, Sebastian Kwiatkowski, Tomasz Prystacki, Wojciech Marcinkowski, Leszek Domanski
Summary: For patients with CKD, two doses of mRNA vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech's Comirnaty COVID-19 Vaccine and Moderna's mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine) can effectively induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. Important factors influencing the antibody levels after vaccination include pre-vaccination history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, age, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil absolute count, and hemoglobin level. Patients with a pre-vaccination history of SARS-CoV-2 infection have higher cellular immunity. Cellular immunity depends on the albumin level.
Review
Entomology
Lei Yang, Li-Ming Qiu, Qi Fang, David W. Stanley, Gong-Yin Ye
Summary: The immune interactions between Drosophila and its parasitoids involve cellular and humoral immunity. Drosophila utilizes multiple natural immune defense systems to counteract parasitoid infestation, while parasitic wasps introduce virulence factors to manipulate the host's immunity for successful parasitism.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Lihua Luo, Zhenyu Luo, Litong Wang, Yilong Hu, Junlei Zhang, Hang Yin, Jian You
Summary: A multitargeted liposome vaccine can effectively stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses by enhancing cross-presentation ability, regulating antigen protein expression, and establishing immune protection.
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jernej Pusnik, Werner O. Monzon-Posadas, Jasmin Zorn, Kathrin Peters, Maximilian Baum, Hannah Proksch, Celina Beta Schlueter, Galit Alter, Tanja Menting, Hendrik Streeck
Summary: According to the research data, receiving two doses of mRNA vaccine along with a booster dose, recovering from a breakthrough infection, or both, provides better B cell immunity. Individuals who received three doses of the vaccine and experienced breakthrough infections with the omicron variant showed a particularly strong B cell response. Additional antigen exposure did not significantly affect the T cell response after two doses of the vaccine. Individuals with hybrid immunity exhibited better correlated adaptive immune responses.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Carson L. Smith, Beth Bednarchik, Htin Aung, Dennis J. Wilk, Rebecca S. Boxer, Andrea E. Daddato, Brigid M. Wilson, Stefan Gravenstein, David H. Canaday
Summary: This study conducted a randomized clinical trial to analyze the immune response of nursing home residents who received adjuvanted influenza vaccine. The findings show that the adjuvanted vaccine induced a stronger immune response, particularly in the production of antibodies against A/H3N2 neuraminidase, compared to the nonadjuvanted vaccine.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Vanessa Haach, Ana Paula Almeida Bastos, Danielle Gava, Francisco Noe da Fonseca, Marcos Antonio Zanella Mores, Arlei Coldebella, Ana Claudia Franco, Rejane Schaefer
Summary: This study evaluated the immunogenicity of a virosome-based influenza vaccine against different subtypes of influenza A virus in pigs. The results showed that the vaccine induced a robust humoral and cellular immune response, resulting in long-lasting immunity and no harmful effects on pigs.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Natalia Syrimi, Flora Sourri, Maria-Christina Giannakopoulou, Dimitrios Karamanis, Asterios Pantousas, Persefoni Georgota, Eleni Rokka, Zoe Vladeni, Euaggelia Tsiantoula, Evangelia Soukara, Nikoletta Lavda, Dimitrios Gkaragkanis, Aikaterini Zisaki, Panagiotis Vakalidis, Vasiliki Goula, Evdokia Loupou, Leonidas Palaiodimos, Dimitrios Hatzigeorgiou
Summary: In this study, the trajectory of humoral and cellular immunity after nine months of primary vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine among 189 healthcare workers was investigated. Correlations between immunity parameters and common variables and comorbidities were also examined. The study found a significant drop in antibodies over time, with age and smoking status affecting the rise of antibodies. T-cell activation was not demonstrated in more than half of the participants at nine months. Female gender and antibody levels at four months predicted the detection of cellular immunity at nine months post-vaccination. This study contributes to our understanding of the immune response to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and its associated factors.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Melika Ben Ahmed, Hedia Bellali, Mariem Gdoura, Imen Zamali, Ouafa Kallala, Ahlem Ben Hmid, Walid Hamdi, Hela Ayari, Hajer Fares, Karim Mechri, Soumaya Marzouki, Henda Triki, Nissaf Ben Alaya, Mohamed Kouni Chahed, Anis Klouz, Sonia Sebai Ben Amor, Chiheb Ben Rayana, Myriam Razgallah Khrouf, Chokri Hamouda, Noomene Elkadri, Riadh Daghfous, Abdelhalim Trabelsi
Summary: This study evaluated the humoral and cellular immune responses in subjects aged 40 years and over who received different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that RNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, particularly Moderna, demonstrated superior immunogenicity in both humoral and cellular responses.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Constanza Mendez, Hernan F. Penaloza, Barbara M. Schultz, Alejandro Pina-Iturbe, Mariana Rios, Daniela Moreno-Tapia, Patricia Pereira-Sanchez, Diane Leighton, Claudia Orellana, Consuelo Covarrubias, Nicolas M. S. Galvez, Jorge A. Soto, Luisa F. Duarte, Daniela Rivera-Perez, Yaneisi Vazquez, Alex Cabrera, Sergio Bustos, Carolina Iturriaga, Marcela Urzua, Maria S. Navarrete, Alvaro Rojas, Rodrigo A. Fasce, Jorge Fernandez, Judith Mora, Eugenio Ramirez, Aracelly Gaete-Argel, Monica Acevedo, Fernando Valiente-Echeverria, Ricardo Soto-Rifo, Daniela Weiskopf, Alba Grifoni, Alessandro Sette, Gang Zeng, Weining Meng, Jose V. Gonzalez-Aramundiz, Pablo A. Gonzalez, Katia Abarca, Felipe Melo-Gonzalez, Susan M. Bueno, Alexis M. Kalergis
Summary: In a phase-3 clinical trial, researchers evaluated the effects of a second booster of CoronaVac (R) administered 6 months after the first booster. They found that the neutralization of the Omicron variant was poor compared to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2, but there was a robust CD4+T cell response that may provide protection against the Omicron variant.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Chang Kyung Kang, Euijin Chang, Jongtak Jung, Eunyoung Lee, Kyoung-Ho Song, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Ji-Hwan Bang, Eu Suk Kim, Sang Won Park, Hong Bin Kim, Nam Joong Kim, Wan Beom Park, Myoung-don Oh
Summary: Seropositive healthcare workers without a history of varicella, especially those who received the vaccine only once, showed significantly lower levels of immune responses to varicella-zoster virus.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Theoharis C. Theoharides, Irene Tsilioni
Summary: The article points out that mast cells, as a unique tissue immune cell, can orchestrate the immune response by secreting proinflammatory molecules. It highlights the degranulation of mast cells in the lungs of deceased patients with severe Covid-19, as well as the elevated levels of mast cell-derived proteolytic enzymes in patients' serum.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Monique E. Verhaegen, Paul W. Harms, Julia J. Van Goor, Jacob Arche, Matthew T. Patrick, Dawn Wilbert, Haley Zabawa, Marina Grachtchouk, Chia-Jen Liu, Kevin Hu, Michael C. Kelly, Ping Chen, Thomas L. Saunders, Stephan Weidinger, Li-Jyun Syu, John S. Runge, Johann E. Gudjonsson, Sunny Y. Wong, Isaac Brownell, Marcin Cieslik, Aaron M. Udager, Arul M. Chinnaiyan, Lam C. Tsoi, Andrzej A. Dlugosz
Summary: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer that expresses specific genes similar to skin-resident Merkel cells. Researchers have used ATOH1 to induce MCC development in mice by cellular reprogramming. By conditionally expressing MCPyV TAgs and ATOH1 in mouse epidermal cells, they were able to generate MCC-like tumor cells from hair follicles. The study confirmed the similarity between mouse and human MCCs and revealed that loss of p53 is necessary for the progression of MCC in this mouse model.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hatem M. Eltahan, Chang W. Kang, Vishwajit S. Chowdhury, Hossam M. Eltahan, Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud, Ayman Mubarak, Chun Ik Lim
Summary: The study demonstrates that using cold water in heat-exposed laying hens can maintain productivity and immune function under high ambient temperature. The feed intake and egg production were improved by using cold water. Additionally, the cold water restored the immune parameters in the blood, including B-cell, helper T cells, and the ratio of helper/cytotoxic T cells, as well as certain cytokines and immunoglobulin G. This suggests that cold water is a beneficial mechanism to consider for heat stress in laying hens.
