Review
Cell Biology
J. H. Lautaoja, D. C. Turner, A. P. Sharples, R. Kivela, S. Pekkala, J. J. Hulmi, L. Yla-Outinen
Summary: The number of studies using skeletal muscle cell culture models to study exercise in vitro is increasing rapidly. Omics approaches, such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have been used to analyze the molecular responses to exercise mimicking stimuli in cultured myotubes. Electrical pulse stimulation and mechanical stretch are the most commonly used methods to mimic exercise in vitro. This mini-review provides an up-to-date overview of the 2-D and 3-D models and the use of omics approaches to study the molecular response to exercise in vitro.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Akari Murata, Hirokazu Akiyama, Hiroyuki Honda, Kazunori Shimizu
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released during exercise have health effects, but it is unclear if exercise increases the number of EVs released by skeletal muscle cells. This study used in vitro exercise models to investigate the effect of exercise on the quantity of EVs released from skeletal muscle cells. The results showed that tetanic contraction induced by 30 Hz electrical pulse stimulation increased the number of secreted EVs.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
B. E. N. J. A. M. I. N. A. KUGLER, W. E. N. Q. I. A. N. DENG, B. E. R. G. O. M. I. FRANCOIS, M. E. A. G. H. A. N. ANDERSON, J. M. A. T. T. H. E. W. HINKLEY, J. O. S. E. P. H. A. HOUMARD, P. H. I. L. I. M. O. N. N. GONA, K. A. ZOU
Summary: The study compared the effects of electrical pulse stimulation on mitochondrial dynamics in myotubes from lean humans and humans with severe obesity, revealing differential adaptations in mitochondrial dynamic processes. It suggests that improved insulin signaling after muscle contractions may be linked to the reduction in Drp1 activity.
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Fereshteh Jalalvandi, Reza Ghasemi, Maryam Mirzaei, MohammadBagher Shamsi
Summary: Low back pain is a common issue among operating room nurses. This study compared the effectiveness of back exercises and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in reducing pain and disability in nurses with chronic nonspecific low back pain. The results showed that both interventions significantly reduced pain and disability after 6 weeks, but TENS had a greater effect compared to back exercises.
BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sira Karvinen, Vasco Fachada, Ulla-Maria Sahinaho, Satu Pekkala, Juulia H. Lautaoja, Sakari Mantyselka, Perttu Permi, Juha J. Hulmi, Mika Silvennoinen, Heikki Kainulainen
Summary: Impaired lipid metabolism is a common risk factor for metabolic diseases. This study demonstrates that BCAA deprivation decreases lipid oxidation and lipogenesis, while high BCAA supplementation also decreases lipid oxidation. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining an adequate level of BCAAs for healthy lipid metabolism.
Article
Dermatology
Richard Nuccitelli, Brenda M. LaTowsky, Edward Lain, Girish Munavalli, Lesley Loss, E. Victor Ross, Lauren Jauregui, William A. Knape
Summary: The study demonstrates that nano-pulse stimulation (NPS) technology is safe and effective in removing common verrucae, with a high clearance rate and low recurrence rate.
LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tatiana F. Vepkhvadze, Alexander V. Vorotnikov, Daniil V. Popov
Summary: Skeletal muscles play a critical role in regulating body metabolism, and chronic inactivity can lead to metabolic and other disorders. Cellular models created from progenitor cells isolated from human muscle biopsies offer a useful tool for experimental tasks, but there are limitations to be considered. Electrical stimulation is essential for successful myogenesis and in vitro modeling of skeletal muscle processes induced by physical exercise.
BIOCHEMISTRY-MOSCOW
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ethan L. Ostrom, Ana P. Valencia, David J. Marcinek, Tinna Traustadottir
Summary: High intensity exercise significantly impacts Nrf2-ARE binding and Keap1 protein expression in mouse skeletal muscle, while low intensity exercise does not show significant effects on these factors. This suggests that the intensity of exercise plays a role in activating redox signaling pathways in skeletal muscle.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yong Tang, Qiang Yao, Marien Simeni Simeni, Igor V. Adamovich
Summary: This study investigates the response of counterflow diffusion flames to sub-breakdown DC and AC electric fields, as well as their superposition with ns pulse discharge waveforms in the plane-to-plane electrode geometry. The results show that sub-breakdown DC and low-frequency AC electric fields displace the flame towards the grounded electrode. However, as the AC frequency increases, the flame response becomes less pronounced. Combining a nanosecond pulse discharge with a sub-breakdown DC field generates a diffuse plasma across the entire gap. The rapid plasma self-shielding in the plane-to-plane geometry prevents the detectable flame displacement enhancement observed in other electrode geometries.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Junwei Xu, Yunxue Jia, Weizhen Huang, Qiusheng Shi, Xuemei Sun, Lisha Zheng, Ming Wang, Ping Li, Yubo Fan
Summary: Electrical stimulation has beneficial effects in skin tissue repair. Using non-contact electrical stimulation (NCES) reduces potential risks, and the study shows that NCES promotes cell and mice migration, proliferation, wound healing, and has potential for clinical treatment.
BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Stefania Blasa, Mykola Borzenkov, Valentina Pastori, Lavinia Doveri, Piersandro Pallavicini, Giuseppe Chirico, Marzia Lecchi, Maddalena Collini
Summary: Targeted thermal stimulation induces morphological and functional differentiation of neurons, suggesting potential future application for modifying neuronal behavior in vivo.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cynthia R. Steinhardt, Gene Y. Fridman
Summary: Contrary to the conventional belief that galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) affects only axons, this study suggests that hair cells are also likely affected by this stimulation paradigm. Through computational modeling, it was found that GVS affecting hair cell vesicle release and axonal excitability simultaneously matched all experimental observations.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kristina Kiisholts, Kaido Kurrikoff, Piret Arukuusk, Ly Porosk, Maire Peters, Andres Salumets, Uelo Langel
Summary: Gene therapy using CPPs as delivery vectors shows potential for treating endometriosis and cancer by inhibiting cellular proliferation and invasion through siRNA nanoparticles. Combining gene therapy with hormonal treatment may provide synergistic effects for endometriosis therapy.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hyun-Joon Yoo, Sangsoo Park, Sejun Oh, Munjeong Kang, Yongha Seo, Byung Gon Kim, Sang-Heon Lee
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the immediate clinical effects of superimposing EMS on strength training compared with conventional exercise in healthy non-athletic adults. The results showed that EMS was more effective in stimulating muscle contractions compared to conventional training. This suggests that EMS may be a safe and reasonable modality for improving physical fitness in healthy individuals.
Article
Cell Biology
Tomoya Uchimura, Toshifumi Asano, Takao Nakata, Akitsu Hotta, Hidetoshi Sakurai
Summary: This study demonstrates the development of a disease model using MYOD1-induced differentiation of hiPSCs into functional skeletal myotubes, which recapitulates declines in contractile performance in dystrophic myotubes through long-term EFS training. Screening of clinically relevant drugs using this model identifies three compounds that ameliorate this decline, and the feasibility of adapting the model to a 96-well culture system using optogenetic technology for large-scale screening is validated.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carlijn M. E. Remie, Michiel P. B. Moonen, Kay H. M. Roumans, Emmani B. M. Nascimento, Anne Gemmink, Bas Havekes, Gert Schaart, Esther Kornips, Peter J. Joris, Vera B. Schrauwen-Hinderling, Joris Hoeks, Sander Kersten, Matthijs K. C. Hesselink, Esther Phielix, Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt, Patrick Schrauwen
Summary: The study found that a ten-day mild cold acclimation without overt shivering did not significantly improve insulin sensitivity or metabolic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes, only having mild effects on fat oxidation, postprandial energy expenditure, and aortic augmentation index. This suggests that some form of muscle contraction may be necessary for beneficial effects of mild cold acclimation on metabolism.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Toxicology
Styliani S. Fragki, Hubert Dirven, Tony Fletcher, Bettina Grasl-Kraupp, Kristine Bjerve Gutzkow, Ron Hoogenboom, Sander Kersten, Birgitte Lindeman, Jochem Louisse, Ad Peijnenburg, Aldert H. Piersma, Hans M. G. Princen, Maria Uhl, Joost Westerhout, Marco J. Zeilmaker, Mirjam Luijten
Summary: The association between PFOS/PFOA and increased blood lipids in humans has been observed, while rodent studies show opposite effects, likely due to different exposure levels. Mechanistic research suggests that PFOS/PFOA activate the PPAR alpha pathway in human liver cells, but the involvement of other nuclear receptors is less clear. Future studies focusing on human-relevant test systems are needed to better understand the implications of PFOS/PFOA exposure on lipid homeostasis and human health.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anna W. M. Janssen, Rinke Stienstra, Martin Jaeger, Alain J. van Gool, Leo A. B. Joosten, Mihai G. Netea, Niels P. Riksen, Cees J. Tack
Summary: Patients with type 1 diabetes demonstrate significantly lower cytokine production in response to stimulation with various pathogens, which may partly explain their increased susceptibility to infections. Shorter duration of diabetes and older age are associated with decreased cytokine production after pathogenic stimulation.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Henry N. Ginsberg, Chris J. Packard, M. John Chapman, Jan Boren, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Maurizio Averna, Brian A. Ference, Daniel Gaudet, Robert A. Hegele, Sander Kersten, Gary F. Lewis, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Philippe Moulin, Borge G. Nordestgaard, Alan T. Remaley, Bart Staels, Erik S. G. Stroes, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Lale S. Tokgozoglu, Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen, Jane K. Stock, Alberico L. Catapano
Summary: Recent research supports a causal association between triglycerides, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and their remnants with cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the importance of focusing on their impact on heart health. Targeting levels of triglycerides and their remnants may potentially reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christopher S. Krumm, Xu Xu, Curtis J. Bare, Corey D. Holman, Sander Kersten, Lukas E. Dow, Ann-Hwee Lee, David E. Cohen
Summary: Activation of the CREBH-Fgf21 axis can reverse diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis, while also enhancing insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Philip M. M. Ruppert, Lei Deng, Guido J. E. J. Hooiveld, Roland W. J. Hangelbroek, Anja Zeigerer, Sander Kersten
Summary: Various forms of fasting and ketogenic diet have shown potential in improving metabolic health. Beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta OHB) may not have a significant impact on gene expression like butyrate, but it may act as a niche signaling molecule in myocytes.
LIFE SCIENCE ALLIANCE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Merel Defour, Michel van Weeghel, Jill Hermans, Sander Kersten
Summary: The study identified Adtrp as a novel PPAR-regulated gene, but hepatic overexpression of Adtrp does not seem to have a major impact on lipid and glucose metabolism, nor does it regulate FAHFA levels.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sander Kersten
Summary: Recent literature reviews show that elevated LDL-C and triglycerides are important risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. ANGPTL3 has emerged as a new therapeutic target for lowering plasma LDL-C and triglycerides, with promising results from inactivation of ANGPTL3 through monoclonal antibodies or antisense oligonucleotides in patients with dyslipidemia. Anti-ANGPTL3 therapies offer potential for significantly reducing plasma LDL-C and triglycerides in selected patient groups.
CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rens L. J. van Meijel, Max A. A. Vogel, Johan W. E. Jocken, Lars M. M. Vliex, Joey S. J. Smeets, Nicole Hoebers, Joris Hoeks, Yvonne Essers, Paul F. M. Schoffelen, Henrike Sell, Sander Kersten, Kasper M. A. Rouschop, Ellen E. Blaak, Gijs H. Goossens
Summary: Recent studies show that mild intermittent hypoxia exposure can decrease tissue oxygen partial pressure and promote metabolic improvements in overweight/obese men, without significant effects on tissue-specific insulin sensitivity.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xanthe A. M. H. van Dierendonck, Frank Vrieling, Lisa Smeehuijzen, Lei Deng, Joline P. Boogaard, Cresci-Anne Croes, Lieve Temmerman, Suzan Wetzels, Erik Biessen, Sander Kersten, Rinke Stienstra
Summary: In response to inflammatory activation by pathogens, macrophages accumulate triglycerides to suppress lipolysis, thereby attenuating the inflammatory response. This finding is important for understanding the mechanisms of macrophage inflammatory response and the treatment of related diseases.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Robin van Eenige, Wietse In het Panhuis, Milena Schoenke, Celine Jouffe, Thomas H. Devilee, Ricky Siebeler, Trea C. M. Stree, Hetty C. M. Sips, Amanda C. M. Pronk, Ruben H. P. Vorderman, Hailiang Mei, Jan Bert van Klinken, Michel van Weeghel, Nina H. Uhlenhaut, Sander Kersten, Patrick C. N. Rensen, Sander Kooijman
Summary: This study reveals the mechanisms underlying the diurnal regulation of metabolic activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT). The research findings highlight the role of angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) in mediating lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) activity and triglyceride (TG)-derived fatty acid (FA) uptake in BAT. These results have important implications for improving metabolic health.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julia I. P. van Heck, Ranko Gacesa, Rinke Stienstra, Jingyuan Fu, Alexandra Zhernakova, Hermie J. M. Harmsen, Rinse K. Weersma, Leo A. B. Joosten, Cees J. Tack
Summary: The gut microbiome in patients with type 1 diabetes is altered and associated with glycemic control and diabetes-related complications. Factors such as HbA(1c) and disease duration play a significant role in the variation of the gut microbiome, while micro- and macrovascular complications also contribute to this variation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mandala Ajie, Julia I. P. van Heck, Anna W. M. Janssen, Rick Meijer, Cees J. Tack, Rinke Stienstra
Summary: This study aimed to identify clinical factors that affect immune dysregulation in individuals with longstanding type 1 diabetes (T1D). The study found that higher levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were associated with increased circulating inflammatory markers. The duration of diabetes was associated with increased circulating immune cells, inflammatory proteome, and a decreased adaptive immune response. Diabetes complications, particularly nephropathy, were also associated with increased circulating immune cells and inflammatory markers.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Benjamin C. Cossins, Inge van den Munckhof, Joost H. W. Rutten, Marinette van der Graaf, Rinke Stienstra, Leo A. B. Joosten, Mihai G. Netea, Yang Li, Niels P. Riksen
Summary: This study examined the association between adipocyte size, adipose tissue inflammation, systemic inflammation, and metabolic and atherosclerotic complications of obesity in a sex-specific manner. The results showed that inflammation in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue is more related to metabolic complications than atherosclerotic complications, and there are significant sex-specific differences in this association.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sander Kersten
Summary: ANGPTL4 plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism by inhibiting LPL activity and regulating circulating triglyceride levels, making it a potential drug target for reducing cardiovascular risk.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2021)