期刊
SCIENCE
卷 361, 期 6401, 页码 511-515出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aar8486
关键词
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资金
- NIH [R01GM110068]
- Searle Scholars Program
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- Lewis and Clark Fellowship
- Young Researcher Fellowships
- European Research Council [ERC-2011-AdG_295733]
- Australian Research Council [DP160102400]
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council [1078037, 1113400]
- Ministry of Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia
- UK Biobank research [12514]
Flores Island, Indonesia, was inhabited by the small-bodied hominin species Homo floresiensis, which has an unknown evolutionary relationship to modern humans. This island is also home to an extant human pygmy population. Here we describe genome-scale single-nucleotide polymorphism data and whole-genome sequences from a contemporary human pygmy population living on Flores near the cave where H. floresiensis was found. The genomes of Flores pygmies reveal a complex history of admixture with Denisovans and Neanderthals but no evidence for gene flow with other archaic hominins. Modern individuals bear the signatures of recent positive selection encompassing the FADS (fatty acid desaturase) gene cluster, likely related to diet, and polygenic selection acting on standing variation that contributed to their short-stature phenotype. Thus, multiple independent instances of hominin insular dwarfism occurred on Flores.
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