Article
Pediatrics
Sarah H. Nash, Molly Rutledge, Lisa M. Frenkel, Ann J. Melvin, Peyton Laws, Joseph Klejka, Matthew Hirschfeld
Summary: This case report highlights the potential transmission of HIV from caregiver to child via premastication. A 13-month-old child from rural Alaska presented with several health issues and was diagnosed with HIV infection after being transferred to a children's hospital outside of Alaska. The primary caregiver, a grandparent, was found to be HIV-infected with detectable viral load. Sequencing of the HIV envelope gene showed a close similarity between the virus in the grandparent and the child. Health care providers should be aware of the possibility of HIV transmission through premastication and educate parents and caregivers about this risk, even if the child's mother is HIV-uninfected.
Article
Cell Biology
Vartika Sharma, Muzamil Makhdoomi, Lakshyaveer Singh, Purnima Kumar, Nabab Khan, Sarman Singh, H. N. Verma, Kalpana Luthra, Sovan Sarkar, Dhiraj Kumar
Summary: Opportunistic bacterial infections contribute significantly to HIV-associated mortality by inhibiting autophagy in host cells. Trehalose has been shown to activate autophagy and kill intracellular bacteria, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for HIV and tuberculosis co-infections.
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Cynthia L. Monaco
Summary: This article discusses the discovery of alterations in gut bacterial and viral populations in HIV-associated AIDS in 2016, and explores how these findings have advanced the field and influenced the author's current research endeavors.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Article
Virology
Marta Calado, David Pires, Carolina Conceicao, Rita Ferreira, Quirina Santos-Costa, Elsa Anes, Jose Miguel Azevedo-Pereira
Summary: Macrophages and dendritic cells are important for the spread of HIV to CD4+ T lymphocytes during acute infection and constitute a persistently infected reservoir during chronic infection. Cell-to-cell contact triggers the production of infectious viral particles, contributing to viral replication. The phenotypic characteristics of HIV isolates do not correlate with their spread or the difference between HIV-1 and HIV-2 in terms of cis- or trans-infection. Understanding the cell-to-cell spread of HIV is critical for developing new therapeutic and vaccine approaches.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Oriol Mitja, Andrea Alemany, Michael Marks, Jezer I. Lezama Mora, Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Aldama, Mayara Secco Torres Silva, Ever Arturo Corral Herrera, Brenda Crabtree-Ramirez, Jose Luis Blanco, Nicolo Girometti, Valentina Mazzotta, Aniruddha Hazra, Macarena Silva, Juan Jose Montenegro-Idrogo, Kelly Gebo, Jade Ghosn, Maria Fernanda Pena Vazquez, Eduardo Matos Prado, Uche Unigwe, Judit Villar-Garcia, Noah Wald-Dickler, Jason Zucker, Roger Paredes, Alexandra Calmy, Laura Waters, Cristina Galvan-Casas, Sharon Walmsley, Chloe M. Orkin
Summary: In the 2022 multicountry mpox outbreak, 38-50% of those affected were people living with HIV. Clinical outcomes and mortality were worse in people with more advanced HIV.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Liming Cai, Jinliang Liu, Yuming Chen
Summary: The study presents an HIV infection model with latency age and super-infection, exploring the existence of equilibria and their local stability. The model may exhibit backward bifurcation and infection persistence when the basic reproductive number is larger than unity.
APPLIED AND COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yuanyuan Qin, Yihong Zhou, Songtao Liu, Yanqiu Lu, Min Liu, Jing Yuan, Jingmin Nie, Jing Ouyang, Hao Wu, Yingmei Qin, Zhongsheng Jiang, Guoqiang Zhou, Qun Tian, Ke Lan, Yang Zhou, Xinping Yang, Kaiyin He, Jun Liu, Vijay Harypursat, Yaokai Chen
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the optimal timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation for HIV-positive patients with talaromycosis. The results showed that patients who initiated ART early had lower mortality rates and lower rates of AIDS-defining events or death compared to those who deferred ART initiation.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Eric Zhang, Jin Choul Chai, Amy A. Deik, Simin Hua, Anjali Sharma, Michael F. Schneider, Deborah Gustafson, David B. Hanna, Jordan E. Lake, Leah H. Rubin, Wendy S. Post, Kathryn Anastos, Todd Brown, Clary B. Clish, Robert C. Kaplan, Qibin Qi
Summary: This study identified multiple plasma lipid species associated with incident diabetes, most of which were elevated in ART-treated individuals with HIV infection, suggesting a complex role of lipids in the link between ART and diabetes in HIV infection.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Courtney B. Spensley, Melissa Plegue, Robinson Seda, Diane M. Harper
Summary: This study found that HIV screening rates are higher among men who have sex with men (MSM) compared to non-MSM, but overall screening rates remain lower than desired. Older patients and those with a family medicine or pediatric primary care provider had lower screening rates. Targeted interventions to improve HIV screening rates for MSM in primary care are discussed.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bei Gao, Lirong Wang, Anthony J. Santella, Guihua Zhuang, Ruizhe Huang, Boya Xu, Yujiao Liu, Shuya Xiao, Shifan Wang
Summary: This study assessed HIV testing behaviors and willingness to receive oral rapid HIV testing (ORHT) among dental patients in Xi'an, China. The majority of dental patients had not previously received an HIV test, but many were receptive to being tested in the dental setting. Factors affecting the willingness to receive ORHT included age, HIV/AIDS knowledge score, previous HIV test experience, advanced HIV testing knowledge, and advanced ORHT knowledge.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Shelley N. Facente, Eduard Grebe, Andrew D. Maher, Douglas Fox, Susan Scheer, Mary Mahy, Shona Dalal, David Lowrance, Kimberly Marsh
Summary: HIV recency assays have been validated for accurately estimating HIV incidence in specific populations at national and subnational levels; however, there is a lack of evidence validating the accuracy and effectiveness of using these assays to identify epidemic trends in non-incidence surveillance use cases. More research is needed to validate the use of recency assays within HIV testing services.
JMIR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Smita Kulkarni, Janice J. Endsley, Zhao Lai, Todd Bradley, Riti Sharan
Summary: This review summarizes the progress made in defining the immune atlas of TB and HIV infections using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), including host-pathogen interactions, heterogeneity in HIV pathogenesis, and the animal models employed to model disease. The review also discusses the tools needed to bridge the gap between disease outcomes in single infection vs. co-infection. Furthermore, it elaborates on the translational benefits of single-cell sequencing in TB/HIV diagnosis in humans.
Article
Microbiology
Michael J. Bale, Mary Grace Katusiime, Daria Wells, Xiaolin Wu, Jonathan Spindler, Elias K. Halvas, Joshua C. Cyktor, Ann Wiegand, Wei Shao, Mark F. Cotton, Stephen H. Hughes, John W. Mellors, John M. Coffin, Gert U. Van Zyl, Mary F. Kearney
Summary: Despite significant differences in T-cell composition and dynamics between children and adults, HIV-infected cell clones are established early in children, persist for up to 9 years on ART, and can be driven by proviral integration in proto-oncogenes. Selection for integration events in proto-oncogenes were observed in children despite early ART, indicating potential long-term consequences.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Camilla Muccini, Monica Guffanti, Vincenzo Spagnuolo, Massimo Cernuschi, Laura Galli, Alba Bigoloni, Andrea Galli, Andrea Poli, Sara Racca, Antonella Castagna
Summary: This study aimed to explore the association between HLA class I molecules and HIV-1 DNA in people with chronic HIV-1 infection, and the results suggest that HLA-B39 and -B55 may be associated with lower levels of HIV-1 DNA.
Article
Immunology
Amitabh Bipin Suthar, Vichea Ouk, Sovannarith Samreth, Bora Ngauv, Rommel Bain, Bunthoeun Eng, Chhaily Hy, Alexandra Ernst, George W. Rutherford, Chunfu Yang, Vanthy Ly, Rachel Albalak
Summary: We compared characteristics of HIV diagnosis and recent infection in Cambodia, finding differences in geographical burden and risk behaviors. Men who have sex with men, transgender women, and entertainment workers had a higher risk of recent infection. Monitoring recent infections can provide valuable information for HIV programs.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)